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Problemy na granicy afrykańsko-europejskiej - hiszpańskie enklawy w Maroku

100%
Kotowicz W.
Forum Politologiczne
|
2010
|
vol. 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce
373-390
EN
Ceuta and Melilla, are the last European territories which are left on the African mainland. They are largely unknown to Europeans, other than to Spaniards for whom they present a legacy from the country's military past. Once of the strategic significance owing to their close location to the Strait of Gibraltar, the two towns have gained new importance over the last 10 years as major migration gateways to Europe from the Maghreb and Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as centres for contraband. Ceuta and Melilla (unvaryingly twinned as diplomatic issues) together with a series of rocks and small islands, are claimed by Morocco despite being Spanish possessions for centuries. In the article is described Morocco-Spanish border, the conflict on the island of Leila/Perejil, Morocco-Spanish relations on the background details of the king of Spain Jose Carlos in Ceuta and Melilla, and the problem of immigration from African countries.
2
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Ceuta – afrykańskie wrota do Europy

71%
Ferenc T.
Border and Regional Studies
|
2018
|
vol. 6
|
issue 2
135-163
PL
Ceuta będąc jedną z dwóch hiszpańskich eksklaw w Maroku, stanowi także bramę do Europy, zarówno dla Marokańczyków, jak i dla migrantów przybywających z głębi afrykańskiego kontynentu. Działania mające chronić Ceutę przed subsaharyjskimi migrantami spowodowały, że stała się ona wzorem tego, co nazywamy „Twierdzą Europa”. Bezpośrednia bliskość granicy jest kluczowa dla funkcjonowania Ceuty, i to z nią wiążą się kluczowe problemy eksklawy. W artykule w oparciu o materiały zgromadzone podczas badań terenowych, przeprowadzonych w Ceucie w lipcu 2017 r. ukazane zostaną trzy kluczowe problemy istotne dla zrozumienia specyfiki tego regionu. Kolejno będą to zagadnienia związane z funkcjonowaniem granicy, etnicznymi podziałami wśród mieszkańców Ceuty, oraz obawami jej mieszkańców co do przyszłości półwyspu.
EN
Ceuta, being one of the two Spanish exclaves in Morocco, is also a gateway to Europe for both Moroccans and the migrants arriving from the depths of the African continent. Measures to protect Ceuta against sub-Saharan migrants caused that it became a model of what we call „Fortress Europe”. The immediate proximity of the border is crucial for the functioning of Ceuta, and with the border the key problems of exclave are connected. In the article, based on the materials collected during field research conducted on Ceuta in July 2017, three key issues will be presented, relevant to understanding the specificity of this region. Subsequently, these will be issues related to the functioning of the border, ethnic divisions among the people of Ceuta and the fears of its inhabitants about the future of the peninsula.
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