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On cognitive tension

100%
Iwaszuk M.
Journal of Education Culture and Society
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2021
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vol. 12
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issue 2
415-431
EN
Aim. The foundation of symbolization is a substitution: a mediation between a Representamen and Object. The paper leverages this core mechanic to examine the substitutions within the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind, which compose every act of thinking. Recognizing it is a single instance: the Ego, which regulates this parallel mediation, the paper focuses on the exploration of dichotomies that result from the necessity to perform two symbolizations simultaneously. Concepts. The study’s theoretical framework is determined by Charles S. Peirce’s (1998) concept of sign and Melanie Klein’s (1948) psychoanalytic theory. From semiotic and psychoanalytic angles, this paper explores possible comprehensions of the object in the quasi-mind (Interpretant in infinite semiosis) and actual realization of code in the act of individual thinking (Ego mediating between conscious and unconscious symbolization). Results and conclusion. The main result of the study is the exposure of dichotomies that structure the shared ground for the conscious and the unconscious symbolization. This, in turn, highlights tangible constraints that the mind is subjected to in the act of thinking. Cognitive value. The study’s main contribution is the high-level scheme of dynamics that hold the Ego in reality through the means of unconscious and conscious symbolization. The study also incorporates into coherent model unexamined aspects of individual sign usage: it deploys psychic continuity into the conscious symbolization process (by basing the model on the instance of Ego), which allows addressing the issues arising at the border of conscious and unconscious symbolization.
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Peirceovo chápanie abdukcie z metodologicko-epistemologického hľadiska

86%
Országh L.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2019
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vol. 67
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issue 1
45-67
EN
The question of the nature of scientific discovery and the attempt to answer it has not so far met with success. One of the approaches taken, introduced by C. S. Peirce, is the model of abduction. This study sets itself two goals. The first goal is to point to the original purpose and understanding of logic and abduction in the mature work of Peirce as a complex of processes whose analysis falls within the area of the metho­dology of science and epistemology rather than within formal logic. The second goal is to present elements of abduction in Peirce’s mature conception of science which have been given less attention than has the analysis of the formal-logical structure of that conception. Relevant here, above all, are the influences of unconscious processes, such as inspiration and instinct, on the creation of explanatory hypotheses, and their place in abduction. On the basis of this analysis we arrive at two conclusions. Firstly, abduction does not fulfill the requirements of the “logic of discovery” that are set out by formal logic. Secondly, Peirce’s historical, progressive approach, the aim of which is to connect the study of mental processes and the logic and theory of science, constitutes a possible alternative to the purely formal approach to the question of scientific discovery.
DE
Die Frage der wissenschaftlichen Entdeckung und die Bemühung um eine Lösung dieser Frage sind bislang nicht von Erfolg gekrönt. Einen Lösungsansatz stellt hier das von Ch. S. Peirce eingeführte Modell der Abduktion dar. Die vorliegende Studie hat zwei Ziele: Erstens den Hinweis auf die ursprüngliche Stoßrichtung und das Verständnis der Logik und der Abduktion beim späten Peirce als ein Komplex von Prozessen, deren Analyse eher in den Bereich der wissenschaftlichen Methodologie und der Epistemologie als in den Bereich der formalen Logik fällt. Das zweite Ziel besteht darin, jene Elemente der Abduktion des Wissenschaftskonzepts beim späten Peirce vorzustellen, denen im Vergleich zur Analyse ihrer formal-logischen Struktur geringere Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet wird. Es handelt sich dabei insbesondere um die Einflüsse unbewusster Prozesse wie beispielweise Inspiration und Instinkt auf die Bildung der erläuternden Hypothese und auf deren Stellung in der Abduktion. Die vorgenommene Analyse bringt dabei zwei Schlussfolgerungen: Erstens erfüllt die Abduktion nicht die Anforderungen an die „Logik der Entdeckung“, so wie sie die formale Logik stellt. Zweitens kann Peirces historisch-fortschrittlicher Ansatz, dessen Ziel die Verbindung des Studiums mentaler Prozesse mit der Logik und der Wissenschaftstheorie ist, eine Alternative zum rein formalen Ansatz bezüglich der Frage der wissenschaftlichen Entdeckung darstellen.
3
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Peirce, Sebeok, and the Semiotic Reformation on Contemporary Communications

58%
Magsino M. A. L.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2018
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vol. 7
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issue 1
11-31
EN
Language in a broad sense becomes imperative for communication to ensue. Language considered as a system of signs and signification is achieved through a process involving sign relations, e.g. semiosis. Charles S. Peirce’s Theory of Signs can provide a basic framework for the elucidation of the intelligibility of signs. Furthermore, the ability for generating sign processes in an organized manner is determined by what Thomas A. Sebeok designates as an organism’s modeling capacity. Modeling capacities range from primitive to complex, thus generating three orders of language corresponding to language as a Primary Modeling System (PMS), a Secondary Modeling System (SMS) and a Tertiary Modeling System (TMS). This Peirce-Sebeok framework for communication, which John Deely places as “postmodern,” is premised upon what he designates as the suprasubjective nature of sign relations and their equally suprasubjective function. Thus, Sebeok’s Modeling Theory together with Peirce’s doctrine on the nature and behavior of signs can be used to direct the generation as well as the interpretation of language systems in accordance with the ultimate norm of communication, that is, to reflect truth as an icon of reality.
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