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EN
The article traces two related currents of East-Galician philosophical thought of the first half of the 20th century: the secular and the religious one. Secular philosophy is presented on the basis of the works by V. Levynskiy, I. Mirchuk, M. Shlemkevych. The religious movement, represented by the leaders of Greek-Catholic clergy, was analyzed based on the works by G. Kostelnik, J. Slipyj, A. Sheptytsky. The study presents the main ideas of philosophical works such as humanistic, Christian and national values.
PL
W artykule omówiono dwa spokrewnione nurty wschodniogalicyjskiej myśli filozoficznej pierwszej połowy XX w.: świecki i religijny. Filozofię świecką przedstawiono na podstawie dzieł W. Lewińskiego, I. Mirczuka, M. Szlemkiewicza. Nurt religijny, który reprezentują działacze kleru greckokatolickiego, przeanalizowano, opierając się na pracach H. Kostelnyka, J. Slipego, A. Szeptyckiego. Omówiono główne idee dzieł filozoficznych, takie jak wartości humanistyczne, chrześcijańskie i narodowe.
EN
The article “Identity of an intellectually disabled person in the light of socio-cultural conditions” is an attempt to answer the following question: How much do social and cultural conditions influence the process of self creating picture of an intellectually disabled person? Each person is formed by environment in which one lives any by people one meets with, it very often occurs without one’s conscious will and intention. These factors belong to the weakest ones in the structure of personality with intellectual disorders. Therefore tradition, prejudice, lack of knowledge or ignorance of social environment may deprive the intellectually disabled person stimuli which could develop one’s personal potential and help in identity moulding. A human being lives in given cultural and social conditions which may favour some of them or handicap and even deprive the others. The author of the paper is looking for the answers for the following questions: Does contemporary culture support a human being in the development in one’s humanity? Isn’t it a danger for preserving one’s identity? What is the picture of a person with intellectual disability in society and what does this picture from – myth stereotypes or reliable scientific knowledge and experience of direct contact with these people? One should have a proper picture of not only a person with intellectual disability but also his/her family whose expresses and duties are multiplied. Changes in social mentality concerning disability are taking place although they are often of declared character which is not supported by authentic readiness for coexistence based on the rule of different rights and equal chances. The picture of people with intellectual disability is still inappropriate to reality, harmful and unfortunately modelling negative attitudes towards them. They perceive themselves in the same way as they are perceived by society. Therefore fully-efficient society is obliged to take responsibility for the shape and quality of relations with disabled people towards greater normalisation of inter-human relationships in all spheres of social life.
PL
Metoda wykresograficzna ułatwia nie tylko wizualne postrzeganie prawd wiary, ale także zrozumienie podstawowych postulatów związanych z motywacją dobroczynności chrześcijańskiej. Kluczową rolę pełni tutaj wykres „Cały Chrystus”, złożony z dwóch okręgów i dwóch trójkątów złączonych ze sobą w pozycji wertykalnej, w które została wpisana ikona Chrystusa Miłosiernego w formie mocno rozjaśnionej. W swoich kolejnych modyfikacjach ukazuje on chrześcijańską dobroczynność w kategoriach chrystocentrycznych, gdzie jej motywem nadrzędnym winna być zawsze miłość do „Całego Chrystusa”.
EN
The graphic presentation method facilitates not only the visual perception of the truths of the faith, but also the understanding of the basic demands related to motivation for Christian charity. The key role is played here by the graph “Whole Christ” composed of two circles and two triangles connected vertically with an inscribed icon of Merciful Christ in a considerably brightened form. In its further modifications, it shows Christian charity in Christocentric categories, where the principal motive should always be love for the “Whole Christ”.
EN
The article presents this teaching of the pope Benedict XVI, which deals with the mystery of the Heart of Jesus. Benedict XVI remarks that the essence of Christianity is expressed in the Heart of Jesus. The mystery of the most holy Heart of Jesus shows the sensitive, sincere, sympathetic and compassionate love of God, which reveals itself mainly in the cross of the Redeemer. The experience of this love is a force which changes human’s existence. Benedict XVI shows that the task of Christians is to intensify the connection with the Heart of Jesus – this connection should reinvigorate their faith in the saving love of God.
Verbum Vitae
|
2013
|
vol. 23
161-180
EN
The author shows that Paul wrote about love in the three main thematic areas of the letter to the Romans. First, he raised the issue of “the love of God” (hē agapē tou Theou) referred to the second and third person of the Holy Trinity. At the beginning, he dealt with the love that has been poured into our hearts by the Holy Spirit, which stays in a close relationship with the Christian hope (5:5). Then he pointed out the love that we have been granted by the redemptive death of Jesus Christ, not only because He died for us, but because He did so while we were still sinners (5:8). We cannot be detached from this love (8:39), which Paul proved by shoving a wide range of dangers that can separate the Christian from God. Writing about the love of God (8:39), the Apostle showed it in a close relation to “the love of Christ” (hē agapē tou Christou). Both realities intermingle and overlap because “the love of Christ”, from which no one can separate us (8:35), is “the love of God that is in Christ Jesus”(8:39). At the end of his letter, Paul encourages the addressees through “the love of the Spirit” (hē agapē tou Pneumatos) to support him in the hardships that await the apostle in Jerusalem (15:30). Man’s response to the love of God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, is also love. Only in a few places Paul points out what Christian love should be characterized by. First of all, it should be free of any negative feelings, especially hypocrisy (12:9). If love does harm anybody, it means that it is the perfect fulfilling of the Law (13:10). The negligence of love in daily behavior, on the other hand, for example with regard to the clean or unclean food (14:15), results in exposing “the weak” to destruction.
EN
This paper presents the meaning of the concept of love in philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. Love in its proper form is a kind of intoxication (Rausch), therefore it is an expression of feeling of power. Besides there are also distorted types of love. There are love of the herd, which is one of the modest virtue, and Christian love as manifestation of the greatness weakness. The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate, that despite of relatively few fragments of Nietzsche’s works about love, love in his philosophy is an important component of reality. This applies especially to perfect love, which is manifestation of the being itself in its greatest fullness.
EN
The analysis carried out in the article indicates the truths about the Church contained in Benedict XVI’s encyclicals, which at the same time constitute specific inspirations for the missionary work of the Church ad gentes. The Pope does not distinguish between generally separate „missionary situations” and speaks rather of a single, fundamental, inalienable mission that still stands before the Church. Sometimes, however, he evokes the activity of the Church in mission areas. He reminds and points out that the Church’s ever-present task, including the mission ad gentes, is to remind and proclaim to the contemporary world the truth about God who is love. Missionary activity is also supposed to restore hope to modern man that goes beyond the temporal order. Finally, the Church’s mission, especially in the framework of her mission ad gentes, is to care for the true progress and development of every person and of the whole human society in truth and love. The missionary activity of the community Christ’s disciples remains a special area of such presence and witness of the Church in a world which is constantly globalizing.
EN
This paper presents the meaning of the concept of love in philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. Love in its proper form is a kind of intoxication (Rausch), therefore it is an expression of feeling of power. Besides there are also distorted types of love. There are love of the herd, which is one of the modest virtue, and Christian love as manifestation of the greatness weakness. The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate, that despite of relatively few fragments of Nietzsche’s works about love, love in his philosophy is an important component of reality. This applies especially to perfect love, which is manifestation of the being itself in its greatest fullness.
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