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PL
Filozofia slow jest odpowiedzią na potrzebę zwolnienia i bardziej refleksyjnego patrzenia na różne obszary ludzkiej aktywności. Przejawem jej rozpowszechnienia jest rozwój międzynarodowej sieci miast Cittaslow, do której należy już 28 polskich miast. W artykule omówiono główne cechy i uwarunkowania procesu rewitalizacji w miastach Cittaslow. Zwrócono uwagę na zintegrowane planowanie rewitalizacji, która zależy od poziomu znajomości i akceptacji idei slow wśród mieszkańców, przedsiębiorców i lokalnych liderów oraz współpracy miast w sieci (tzw. koopetycji).
EN
The philosophy of slow is a response to the need to slow down and more reflective look at various areas of human activity. A manifestation of its prevalence is the development of international network of Cittaslow, which already includes 28 Polish cities. The article discusses the main features and determinants of the revitalization process in the cities of Cittaslow. Attention is paid to integrated revitalization planning, which depends on the level of knowledge and acceptance of the slow idea among inhabitants, entrepreneurs and local leaders and cooperation of cities in the network (the so-called coopetition).
EN
Research background: Identification of the effects achieved by cities owing to their membership in the Cittaslow network plays a role not only in the development of every city, but also in the growth of national and international Cittaslow networks. Being a member of the Cittaslow network, and thereby adopting the slow city development model, affects the process of urban management by directing it towards such activities that agree with the assumed development concept. The achieved effects, manifested in the social, economic, and spatial spheres, contribute to the improved quality of life in a slow city, which in turn influences its development. Purpose of the article: Identification of the effects of membership of Polish cities in the Polish National Cittaslow Network. Methods: The study included a diagnostic survey method. The diagnostic survey based on a standardized survey questionnaire was used to identify the effects achieved by the Polish cities in the Cittaslow network. The survey was addressed to mayors of all member cities in the Polish National Cittaslow Network. The survey was conducted in May 2020. Findings & value added: The most important effects to date of cities being members of the Polish National Cittaslow Network, and their scale, have been investigated. An attempt was made to determine in which areas of urban life the effects become observable in a relatively short time (a few years), and which effects are attainable after a longer period of time. Major barriers to obtaining the desired effects were also identified. The research fills in a gap in this scope, as it provides a complex analysis of the effects of the membership of cities in the national Cittaslow network as seen by the city authorities. The results can serve to make comparative analyses of the effects achieved on different levels of development in the national Cittaslow networks, particular-ly in view of the fact that the Polish National Cittaslow Network is the second largest network in the world with respect to the number of member cities.
EN
The main objective of this article is to indicate transport accessibility (according to two criteria: fly&60 and 6×60×60) and information accessibility (on the Internet) of all Polish (28 ) and all Nordic (9 ) towns — members of the International Network of Cities Where Living is Good. The research was conducted using non-reactive methods: content analysis and desk research. The analysis has shown that the fly&60 criterion is met by eight Cittaslow towns (seven Polish and one Nordic), and the 6×60×60 criterion — by five towns (four Polish and one Nordic), which confirms the thesis on the peripheral nature of Cittaslow cities, which in fact may be perceived as an attracting factor. Their location, away from frequently used routes, may attract (some of them already do so) tourists seeking alternative forms of leisure, following a growing global trend of sustainable tourism. The level of accessibility to online information on the Cittaslow towns is varied, but rather low.
PL
Celem artykułu jest wskazanie dostępności transportowej (według dwóch kryteriów: fly&60 i 6×60×60) oraz dostępności informacyjnej (internetowej) wszystkich polskich (28) i wszystkich nordyckich (9) miast zrzeszonych w Międzynarodową Sieć Miast Dobrego Życia. Badania zostały przeprowadzone metodą badań niereaktywnych: analizy treści, desk research. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że kryterium fly&60 spełnia osiem miast Cittaslow (siedem polskich i jedno nordyckie), a kryterium 6×60×60 — pięć miast (cztery polskie i jedno nordyckie), co potwierdza tezę o peryferyjnym charakterze miast Cittaslow, mogącym być atraktorem, ze względu na to, że ich położenie z dala od uczęszczanych tras może powodować, że te małe miasta staną się (niektóre z nich już są) celem turystów szukających alternatywnych form wypoczynku wpisując się w rozwijający się światowy trend zrównoważonej turystyki. Dostępność informacji na temat miast Cittaslow w Internecie jest zróżnicowana, ale co do zasady mała.
EN
The purpose of this study has been to analyze differences in standard of living among residents of the towns which implement the Cittaslow concept in Poland. The research covered two years: 2006 (the year when first Polish towns joined the Cittaslow network) and 2016 and comprised 28 Polish towns involved in this initiative. Hellwig’s development pattern method (a multi-dimensional analytical approach) was employed in these investigations. In addition, similarities in standard of living in the above towns were assessed using Ward’s method. The research showed relatively large changes between the two years in the rankings of the towns based on a synthetic standard of living level measure, although the top-ranking towns remained in quite stable positions. The highest standard of living among the analyzed towns was detected in Rzgów, Murowana Goślina, Pasym and Olsztynek. The results may inspire further studies into the living conditions of inhabitants living in Cittaslow towns, with a focus on quality parameters.
PL
Celem badań była analiza zróżnicowania poziomu życia mieszkańców miast realizujących ideę Cittaslow w Polsce. Badanie przeprowadzono dla 2006 (rok włączenia pierwszych polskich miast w sieć Cittaslow) oraz 2016 roku w 28 polskich miastach skupionych wokół tej inicjatywy. W badaniach wykorzystano metodę wzorca rozwoju Hellwiga. Dokonano także oceny podobieństwa poziomu życia w poszczególnych miastach wykorzystując do tego metodę Warda. Badanie wykazało relatywnie duże zmiany w rankingu miast z uwzględnieniem syntetycznej miary poziomu życia w badanych latach przy jednoczesnej stabilizacji liderów tego rankingu. Najwyższy poziom życia w przedmiotowych latach zanotowano w Rzgowie, Murowanej Goślinie, Pasymiu i Olsztynku. Badania stanowią przyczynek do dalszych badań nad warunkami życia mieszkańców tych miast z silnym zaakcentowaniem elementów jakościowych.
EN
The aim of this study was to identify the factors, determinants and barriers in the development of slow cities in Poland, with special attention paid to those connected with specific features of the slow city model and membership in the Cittaslow network. The research subject was the factors and determinants of the development of member cities of the Polish National Cittaslow Network. All analyses and conclusions were mainly based on a critical examination of the literature. An identification of determinants and factors involved in the development of slow cities in Poland was made, including the division of them into local, regional, national, international and global categories. Attention was drawn to the determinants of implementing the slow city model connected with the contemporary paradigm of the development of cities, which should be considered in the management of slow cities in Poland.
PL
Celem badań była identyfikacja czynników, uwarunkowań i barier rozwoju slow cities w Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tych, które wiążą się z cechami modelu slow city i członkostwem w sieci Cittaslow. Przedmiotem badań były czynniki i uwarunkowania rozwoju miast należących do Polskiej Krajowej Sieci Miast Cittaslow. Analizę i wnioskowanie przeprowadzono głównie poprzez krytyczną analizę piśmiennictwa. Dokonano identyfikacji uwarunkowań i czynników rozwoju slow cities o charakterze lokalnym, regionalnym, krajowym, międzynarodowym i globalnym. Zwrócono uwagę na uwarunkowania implementacji modelu slow city związane ze współczesnym paradygmatem rozwoju miast, które to uwarunkowania powinny być uwzględniane w procesie zarządzania slow cities w Polsce.
EN
This article analyses the awareness of the inhabitants of Górowo Iławeckie regarding the participation of the city in the Cittaslow development network and identifies the conditions of its development. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among the residents of Górowo Iławeckie and questionnaires were distributed to employees of the Town Hall and the Mayor of Górowo Iławeckie. The article also deals with the subject of the city’s activity aimed at achieving the goals promoted by the Cittaslow network related to revitalization.
XX
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie świadomości mieszkańców Górowa Iławeckiego w związku z uczestnictwem miasta w sieci Cittaslow oraz identyfikacja uwarunkowań jego rozwoju. W tym celu przeprowadzono ankietę wśród mieszkańców Górowa oraz rozdano kwestionariusz pracownikom Urzędu Miasta i Burmistrzowi Górowa Iławeckiego. W artykule ponadto poruszono temat aktywności miasta ukierunkowanej na realizację celów promowanych przez sieć Cittaslow oraz odniesiono się do aspektu rewitalizacji obszaru miasta.
EN
The article deals with the role and significance of local identity in city development. The Cittaslow movement is a concept promoting city development based on a strong bond between the inhabitants and the given area, Lidzbark Warmiński being one of the first Polish cities to join the network. However, the implementation of the Cittaslow model may be more difficult in the region of Warmia and Mazury, due to historical factors, among others. These circumstances prompted conducting a survey among the inhabitants of Lidzbark Warmiński, the main aim of which was to determine whether, in their opinion, participation in the Cittaslow network influenced their subjective sense of local identity.
PL
W artykule poruszono problematykę odnoszącą się do roli i znaczenia tożsamości lokalnej w rozwoju miasta. Koncepcją, która propaguje rozwój opierający się na poczuciu silnej więzi mieszkańców z danym obszarem, jest ruch Cittaslow, a jednym z pierwszych miast, które dołączyło do sieci w Polsce, jest Lidzbark Warmiński. Realizacja modelu Cittaslow może być jednak dość utrudniona na obszarze województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego, co wynika m.in. z czynników historycznych. Uwarunkowania te stały się podstawą do przeprowadzenia badań ankietowych wśród mieszkańców Lidzbarka Warmińskiego. Ich głównym celem było uzyskanie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy według mieszkańców uczestnictwo miejscowości w sieci Cittaslow wpłynęło na ich subiektywne odczuwanie tożsamości lokalnej.
EN
This research attempts to answer whether Cittaslow is a myth or an effective model for development for Taraklı, a small town in the Sakarya province of Turkey. The study was designed and analysed using the mixed method research model. The results are as follows. Since Taraklı became a Cittaslow, the number of tourists increased which ultimately helped to fight against unemployment and also increased income of people. Women’s participation in the labour force had increased and their representation in public places was enhanced. Important steps were taken towards the preservation of cultural heritage. Along with quantitative and qualitative improvements in green areas, the local people’s awareness of environmental protection has increased.
Oeconomia Copernicana
|
2020
|
vol. 11
|
issue 2
267-287
EN
Research background: Many demographic, social, spatial, economic and infrastructural problems have accumulated in small cities in Poland. It seems that the situation of the smallest cities located farther away from large cities and metropolises is particularly difficult. A chance for their development may arise from cooperation within a network of cities which associates cities similar in size, paradigm and vision of development, such as the "Cittaslow - International network of cities where living is good". Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to identify main cooperation areas for slow cities in Poland. An analysis was made of the cooperation between 28 cities that are members of the Polish National Cittaslow Network. Methods: The research applied a critical review of the literature and a diagnostic survey method. The survey was carried out with a standardised questionnaire. It was addressed to mayors of all member cities of the Polish National Cittaslow Network. The study was made in 2018. Findings & Value added: The cooperation of cities belonging to the Cittaslow network in Poland is becoming more and more complex and concerns mainly the development of tourism and urban promotion. The shared logo and promotion of the urban network, organization of cultural events, exchange of experience, implementation of a supralocal revitalization program for several 'slow cities' from Warmia and Mazury, are examples of active cooperation. This proves that the competition between cities can be transformed into effective coopetition of cities. The idea of 'slow', which is fundamental to the development of the Cittaslow networked cities, creates an opportunity to design an individual development model for small cities that could apply to cities in Poland and elsewhere in the world.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the process of using the slow city concept in Poland in the context of the key determinants of the development of small towns and to show the potential and directions of development of Cittaslow towns. The research was based on a critical analysis of the literature and strategic documents of the local development policy of Cittaslow towns. To compare the level of development of Cittaslow towns, a synthetic indicator of the socio-economic potential and the indicator of the quality of life were used. The first section describes the paradigm of sustainable development and the development challenges of small towns in Poland. The second section discusses the assumptions of the slow city and the determinants of the process of its implementation. The next section focuses on the socio-economic potential of Cittaslow towns and possible directions of their development. The last section assesses examples of cooperation between towns belonging to the Polish National Cittaslow Network.
EN
The purpose of this article is to present the genesis and development of the Polish National Cittaslow Network and the Chinese National Cittaslow Network, as well as to draw attention to differences between the two ‘slow city’ models, respectively. The period of analysis spans the years 2007-2021. The research methods included a critical analysis of the relevant literature and source materials (statutes, regulations and other strategic documents of the association) and a comparative analysis. The main differences between the Polish and Chinese Cittaslow networks are related to cultural differences between these countries, with the dissimilar political systems and administrative divisions. The model of Cittaslow development in Poland is closer to the European ‘slow city’ model. The Chinese network is at the stage of searching for individual solutions corresponding to social, cultural and economic realities of the country.
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze spatial issues in 36 towns belonging to the Polish network of Cittaslow, the most dynamically developing network of all 33 countries in the world and second in terms of size, after the founding Italian network. The main spatial analyses were preceded by an analysis of the literature on the Cittaslow network, especially in the context of research on Polish towns. The analyses concerned (1) certification criteria in the context of the spatial directions of the town’s development; (2) spatial structure of member towns and (3) local spatial development plans in force, which, as a rule, are the main spatial planning documents in Poland.
EN
The Slow City movement or Cittaslow began with an association of four Italian cities in 1999, and is developing very rapidly in Europe and beyond. In Poland at the moment it associates 20 cities. This movement aims at the development of small towns based on criteria designed to respect the quality of life in the spirit of the ideology of „slow life”. Its program contains a prototype system for quantifying factors that determine granting a city the title of Slow City. Such town are to become ideal places for a more hygienic and harmonious way of life, in line with our biological clock. The author made an attempt in this article to look at the philosophy of the movement from the perspective of spatial issues. The text presents selected solutions in the area of spatial planning and urban design in line with the ideological demands of the association.
PL
Ruch Slow City lub Cittaslow rozpoczął się od stowarzyszenia czterech włoskich miast w 1999 roku. Od tej pory rozwija się niezwykle prężnie w Europie i poza jej granicami. W Polsce w chwili obecnej stowarzysza on 20 miast. Ruch ten zmierza do rozwoju małych miasteczek w oparciu o kryteria mające na celu poszanowanie jakości życia w duchu ideologii „slow life”. W swoim programie zawiera prototypowy system kwantyfikacji czynników, które decydują o nadaniu miastu tytułu Slow City. W odniesieniu do zagadnień przestrzennych przedmiotowe miasteczka mają stać się miejscami idealnymi dla prowadzenia niepowtarzalnego – zgodnego z naszym zegarem biologicznym, bardziej higienicznego i harmonijnego sposobu życia. Autor w swoim artykule podjął próbę spojrzenia na filozofię ruchu z punktu widzenia zagadnień przestrzennych. Tekst jest przykładem przedstawienia wybranych rozwiązań przestrzennych i urbanistycznych w odniesieniu do postulatów ideowych stowarzyszenia.
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