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1
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Polsko-niemiecka współpraca służb policyjnych (Lubuskie-Brandenburgia)

100%
Krystians P.
Rocznik Lubuski
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2012
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vol. 38
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issue 1
243-258
EN
Crime does not recognize territorial boundaries. This statement has taken on a new di- mension as a result of political transformations initiated in 1989. Poland had to face not only positive, and undoubtedly prevailing, changes in the political, social and economic spheres, but also negative aspects of the transformation process (among the others: the rapid development and activity of organized crime groups). The border areas, especially the ones situated along the Polish-German border (until 2004 - EU external border) were particularly vulnerable to the above mentioned dangers in the first years of transforma- tion. Therefore, local Polish police and their western partners (especially German police) played a special role in preventing and combating crime as well as in the protection of public order. The cooperation of Polish and German police, initiated in the 1990s and developed in the following years, undoubtedly contributed to the significant reduction of the risk resulting also from the process of Poland joining the EU and "wider" border opening. Effective cooperation, especially in the field of combating crime and preventive activities, is reflected in the level of security and public order perceived by the inhabitants of cross-border areas.
PL
Przestępczość kryminalna nie uznaje granic terytorialnych. Stwierdzenie to nabrało nowego wymiaru w wyniku przemian ustrojowych zapoczątkowanych w 1989 r. Obok, niewątpliwie przeważających, pozytywnych zmian w sferze politycznej, społecznej i gospodarczej Polska musiała stawić czoła również negatywnym aspektom procesu transformacji (m.in. gwałtowny rozwój i działalność zorganizowanych grup przestępczych). Szczególnie narażone na w/w niebezpieczeństwa były w pierwszych latach transformacji tereny przygraniczne, zwłaszcza te leżące wzdłuż granicy polsko-niemieckiej (do 2004 r. zewnętrzna granica UE). W związku z tym szczególna rola w zakresie zapobiegania i zwalczania przestępczości kryminalnej oraz ochrony porządku publicznego przypadła lokalnym jednostkom polskiej policji i ich współpracy z zachodnimi partnerami (zwłaszcza policją niemiecką). Zapoczątkowana w latach 90. i rozwijana w kolejnych latach, współpraca jednostek polskiej i niemieckiej policji niewątpliwie przyczyniła się do znacznego ograniczenia zagrożeń wynikających również z procesu wejścia Polski do UE i szerszego otwarcia granic. Skuteczna współpraca przede wszystkim w zakresie zwalczania przestępczości kryminalnej oraz działalności prewencyjnej ma swoje odbicie w poziomie bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego odczuwanym przez mieszkańców terenów przygranicznych.
2

Advantages and Disadvantages of Confiscating Property as a Criminal Law Measure

100%
Martynenko N., Martynenko E.
Internal Security
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2011
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vol. 3(1)
241-246
EN
The article presents the evaluation of criminal law provisions on the property confiscation as another measure of criminal law. An insufficient study in abolishing the regulations of property confiscation led to the situation when the Russian Federation violated several international agreements by which it is obliged to apply the forfeiture of property to persons who have committed crimes of various types. Over the last twenty years, confiscation was again and again subjected changes and amendments, which indicates a lack of elaboration of the provisions on confiscation, and the problems that arose due to this in law enforcement.The authors represent various types of this punishment: the confiscation as “another measure” of criminal law, the confiscation as a form of punishment, and a special confiscation (forfeiture of guns, equipment or other instrumentalities of crime).A positive aspect of confiscation, the authors consider to be the possibility to confiscate not only money, valuables and other property obtained as a result of confiscatory crimes, but also money, valuables and other property in which property and income gained from this property have been partially or completely transformed or converted. This provision was enshrined in the criminal law for the first time and fully complies with the regulations embodied in the Conventions mentioned in the article.In particular, it is concluded that the restoration of confiscation in Criminal Code is a positive step as it allows to deal effectively with crime, especially in its organized forms. However, the existing regulations of confiscation are not without some drawbacks.
3

Crime in Lithuanian Cities in Relation to Urban Planning and Design Aspects

100%
Matijošaitienė I., Gedvilaite M.
Architecture and Urban Planning
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2016
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vol. 11
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issue 1
24-31
EN
Crime is a social phenomenon, which is closely related to human behaviour, economics, urban planning and design. The detailed research of six blocks of houses in three Lithuanian cities (Kaunas, Vilnius and Panevezys) with the highest crime rates and the most heterogeneous crimes was performed. Space syntax method, crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and correlation analysis were applied. Research results demonstrate that thefts from cars, other thefts, crime against human health, robberies, small-scale hooliganism and intentional damage or destruction of property correlate with particular properties of urban spaces and design elements.
4

Scope of Illegal Possession of Weapons in Poland and Character Study of a Perpetrator of this Crime

100%
Kasprzak J.
Internal Security
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2013
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vol. 5(1)
147-158
EN
The article presents the problem of the scale of illegal possession of arms in Poland in the years 2000–2011 and the results of detailed studies of acts (made on a representative sample) of the perpetrators of this crime and the motives for their actions. It is believed that the offence of illegal possession of arms in Poland has its own characteristics. On the quantitative scale it represented only about 0.25% of all matters pending prosecution and did not comprehensively threaten society. In this respect, the situation in Poland is completely different from the scale of illegal possession of firearms in the United States or in the countries of Latin America. Contrary to what the media present, only a small portion of illegally held weapons are used to commit crimes such as murder or robbery. The vast majority of pending criminal proceedings for illegal possession of weapons apply to gas weapons or military collectors, who often do not consciously come into possession of old military weapons or ammunition. As many as about 25% of initiated criminal proceedings are discontinued, as the appointed expert decides that the item in question is not a firearm. However estimates, indicating that in Poland there are between 300 000 and 500 000 illegally possessed weapons in Poland, have raised anxiety.
5
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THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF CAR CRIME AND CURRENT CHANGES IN ITS PROFILE

100%
Konieczny M. K.
Przegląd Policyjny
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2020
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vol. 139(3)
151-161
EN
The article presents the evolution of car crime. It discusses the causes and conditions of vehicle theft. It also presents an aspect of the professionalisation of criminals, which was infl uenced by the emergence of modern anti-theft systems. It has also resulted in the creation of groups, among which individuals are engaged in a specifi c task involving planning, taking the vehicle, and then its legalisation and sale. The paper also discusses the issues of counteracting car crime, including the importance of international cooperation of police services and cooperation of vehicle manufacturers, which helps to prevent such criminal acts.
6
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Cross-border: juvenile delinquency and crime a paradoxical nexus for social transformation

100%
Ogbonnaya D.
Reality of Politics
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2021
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issue 16
78-92
EN
Talented youths such as students, professionals, information technology experts, entrepreneurs, cultural workers, and others are now more internationally mobile in the world economy as a delinquent response to new opportunities (and risks) that are offered by globalization. This trend has been reinforced by the greater information flow on economic opportunities and life-styles in different cities and countries across the globe and by lower transportation costs. The burden of this paper is a critical examination of the various dimensions of delinquent international mobility of human capital and its developmental implications on source nations (often developing countries), recipient nations (often rich countries), and on international crime and development. The work is also interested in empirical solution to risk factors against youthful talents and possibilities as imperatives for social mobilization and transformation in a globalized world. The theoretical model for this work shall connect neo-Marxist critical perspective and comparative advantage theory viewed in the light of parsonnian social order model. Finally, the paper will critique social transformation problematic associated with youthful talents not developed and mobilized. Through resourceful literature and empirical models as stated earlier, the possible solutions will emerge. My expectation is to highlight the need for an adequate and cooperative policy response that balances the human resource needs of the source countries and of the receiving countries considering the fact that ethical standards for recruitment and compensation schemes are possible tools to deal with this phenomenon.
7

Zastosowanie teorii społecznej dezorganizacji do badania zróżnicowania przestrzennego przestępczości

100%
Bogacka E.
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
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2012
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issue nr 1
43-51
XX
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości wykorzystania teorii społecznej dezorganizacji do badania zróżnicowania przestrzennego przestępczości. W opracowaniu omówiono założenia teorii społecznej dezorganizacji oraz dokonano przeglądu prac wykorzystujących tę teorię do badania zróżnicowania przestrzennego przestępczości. (fragment tekstu)
EN
This article aims to present the possibilities of using social disorganization theory to study the spatial variation of crime. The assumptions of this theory are discussed and studies using this theory are overviewed. The description of these studies focused on the spatial scale and scope of the research, types and sources of crime rates, which are dependent variables in the regression analysis, the choice of socio-economic characteristics, which are the independent variables in the regression analysis and the corresponding elements of the theory, research results and suggestions in further research on this topic. (original abstract)
8
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Výzkum zločinu v Česku z pohledu geografie

100%
Jíchová J.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2014
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vol. 40
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issue 1
73-93
EN
Traditionally, many disciplines have researched crime – depending on their specialization, they have focused on different aspects of the phenomenon. This article introduces the point of view of geography, putting greater emphasis on crime’s spatial context. The main attention is devoted to the development of crime research in Czechia with the emphasis on questions, methods and territorial criteria. At the same time, the article reflects the development in crime research, especially in European countries, which has long served as a source of information and inspiration for Czech researchers.
9

Rural Safety in South Africa: a Study on Rural Self-Protection Units in the Soutpansberg Area of Limpopo, South Africa

100%
Roelofse C., Helm M.
Internal Security
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2012
|
vol. 4(2)
191-214
EN
The article comes at a time when farm attacks are once again under the spotlight following the spate of murders that occurred lately. The farming community in South Africa, for about three decades, formed part of a rural safety plan through the commando system. This system was phased out though the threat to life and limb on the farms has continued unabated.The article takes a look at the development of the commando system and its characteristics of area, and house and hearth protection and how this system became entrenched in the farming communities over hundreds of years. After the closure of the commandos, farming communities increasingly developed a self-protection system for house and hearth protection to fill the void left by the commandos. Due to the life and death nature of attacks, and the fact that they involve high levels of violence, the perception that government and the police are not really serious about stopping the attacks has taken a firm hold. In Limpopo, this perception was further entrenched, by the former Provincial Police Commissioner who did not want to meet with the farmers. This has led to very negative perceptions of the police amongst farmers and an increasing tendency towards developing and improving their own structures for safety and security. Naturally they reverted to a system that has served farmers for almost 300 years, the commando system. The article gives an account of how the self protection structures in the Soutpansberg are modeled on the commando system.
10

The Technology of Mental Situational Modelling in the System of Optimisation of Crime Investigation

100%
Volchetskaya T.
Internal Security
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2012
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vol. 4(1)
99-110
EN
The article presents a description of modelling as a technological toolbox to optimise investigative activity in criminal investigations as well as a description of the technological process of creating a mental informational model of the event investigated. The author suggests a concrete technology of mental reconstruction of the event (criminal situation) by the investigator with the use of the mental situational modelling method. Criminal situations constituting a criminal event are reflected in material traces left at the crime scene as well as in idealised traces – mental images of these situations in the consciousness of participant in the criminal event. Such traces allow the investigator mentally to reconstruct criminal situations and then “recreate” the mechanism of the event investigated as a whole. Quite simply, logical computer schemes help the investigator to keep in mind a significant amount of information. The article scrutinises the technological structure of such schemes. It includes information about: the subject and object of a crime; motive and aims of the crimes perpetrated; means, ways and mechanism of committing the crime; space and time factors. Ways and methods for obtaining such information are presented. The investigator getting information as a result of investigative activities systematises it into corresponding blocks of the model. As new information about an actual crime becomes available the investigator should mark in corresponding blocks of the structural scheme the presence or lack of information about a certain element of the crime and logs a short description. The main theses are illustrated by an actual example from investigative practice.
11

The Principles of Policy Concerning the Prevention and Counteraction of Crime With the Active Participation of the Local Community

100%
Kobes P.
Internal Security
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2010
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vol. 2(1)
137-146
EN
The author of the following article points some necessary conditions which must be fulfilled in order to make the decentralization of internal security, which concerns the fight against crime, efficient. Very often strategies concerning crime prevention which were elaborated by different central institutions are unsuccessful. It happens because the essence of the phenomenon is not taken into account and the strategies are limited to a simple pattern of transferring competence to the local government of the lowest level. Such a move very often turns out to be insufficient because a country, while creating a strategy, assume an existence of a strong local society which can bear the common responsibility for the performance of the tasks concerning the fight against crime but which also do not want to or cannot manage it, which in turn make the level of crime and society’s frustration higher. The author thinks that a developed society, based on knowledge, conscious of its role and responsibility should become an equal partner for the state institutions within creating proper mechanisms, which will enable the whole country to function as a complex social organism. According to the author one should not identify the security only with individual or collective human behaviour. Its nature also relates to the organization of social life and living conditions in order not to allow cases of emergency or cases which provoke such emergency to arise. Within this aspect, entities of the local government, after prior consultation with the police, should make investments in favour of security – especially within monitoring of endangered places or new architectural and town planning solutions.
12
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The Dignity of Children Deprived of Liberty and Suspected of Committing Crimes

100%
Nordlöf K.
Horyzonty Wychowania
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2020
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vol. 19
|
issue 50
59-75
EN
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: In this article the research objectives are the rights of children deprived of liberty and suspected of having committed crimes in international and regional agreements as well as in Swedish legislations and intended to preserve the child’s dignity. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The method applied to study their dignity is, on one hand, in the context of international and regional agreements; on the other hand, in the context of Swedish legislations, which are relevant to these children. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The argument is whether in Sweden children under the age of 15 years deprived of liberty and suspected of having committed crimes are treated in a manner consistent with promoting the child’s sense of dignity during the investigation of the crime. These children are of particular interest as they are more vulnerable than adults in the same situation; the spirit of dignity should therefore be more explicitly expressed for them. RESEARCH RESULTS: The research result confirms that dignity is fundamental for the rights of children as expressed in the studied international and regional agreements and, more specifically, in the CRC Articles 37 and 40. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Swedish legislations still need improvements to preserve the dignity of children, particularly regarding the rights of children under the age of 15 deprived of liberty and suspected of having committed crimes.
13
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The Nexus among Unemployment, Poverty and Crime in Contemporary Nigeria

88%
Ebobo Urowoli C., Akujobi Alero T.
Reality of Politics
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2022
|
issue 19
132-148
EN
Unemployment and poverty have been the major causes of crime in developing countries, Nigeria inclusive. The main objective of this paper was to show the connections among unemployment, poverty and crime in Nigeria. It also examined unemployment and poverty rates in Nigeria. The research design adopted for this paper is cross-sectional and explanatory. The paper adopted conceptual framework to show the nexus among the concepts. It used secondary sources of data collection and data analysis was based on content analysis. The study revealed that there is a strong link between unemployment, poverty and crime in Nigeria. The relationship among the concepts is bi-directional. Unemployment has adverse effect on poverty and crime rate. So also poverty negatively affects unemployment and crime rates. Increase in crime rates leads to increase in unemployment and poverty. The paper therefore recommended amongst others that the rate of unemployment must reduce if poverty and crime must reduce. Also the rate of unemployment can be reduced through provision of jobs which will consequently reduce the rate of poverty and also make crime unattractive on the long run.
14
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The trend of females’ admission into the Nigeria correctional services in contemporary Nigeria

88%
Ebobo Urowoli C.
Reality of Politics
|
2022
|
issue 20
128-142
EN
Females are being involved in crimes and admitted into the correctional services all over the world. However, the trend of these admissions may differ according to the situations on ground. This study therefore aimed at examining the trend of females’ admission into the Nigeria Correctional Services within 2005–2016. The study is longitudinal in nature. It adopted the situational theory of crime as its theoretical framework. Hence it made use of secondary sources of data collection such as the National Bureau of Statistics official report, Nigeria Correctional Services Reports, academic journals and current Newspaper reports. Data analysis was based on content analysis. The study revealed that the highest number of females admitted into the correctional services within the period of study was 13,472. It also revealed that within the period of study, a cumulative total of 82,556 females were admitted for various types of offences into the correctional services across the nation. It identified and arranged in order of frequency 11 types of offences that females were mostly admitted for and identified sedition as the least offence females were admitted for. The study therefore, recommended that poverty, unemployment, inflation, corruption of the ruling classes and governmental aids to bandits should be discouraged if crime must be curbed.
15
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Janina Kostkiewicz (Ed.), Crime without Punishment… The Extermination and Suffering of Polish Children during the German Occupation 1939–1945, Jagiellonian University Press, Kraków 2020, pp. 272

88%
Czerepaniak-Walczak M.
Kultura i Edukacja
|
2021
|
issue 2(132)
199-203
EN
The text is a review of a collective work devoted, as the title indicates, to the extermination and suffering of Polish children during World War II. The content of the chapters focuses on the fate of Polish children in the General Government and East Prussia of the Third Reich as well as in the territory of Germany after 1945. The individual chapters contain documented crimes against Polish children not only in concentration camps but also in places of residence (Łódź, Zamojszczyzna, CONFIDENTIAL: FOR PEER REVIEW ONLY Białystok, and others). The book includes 12 chapters presenting the effects of the policy of the occupant towards the youngest generation in the period indicated by the caesura, and 2 chapters devoted to the fate of Polish children, who the end of the war found in Germany. The publication of this monograph in English enables the dissemination of knowledge about the fate of Polish children during World War II among a wide range of English-speaking readers. It also fosters reflection on the long-term consequences of wars and the paradox of the 20th century as the “Centenary of the Child” that was announced by Ellen Key
16

Infrastructure, Equipment and the Technical and Legal Procedures for Securing and Storing Problematic Trial Evidence — a Development Project Carried Out by the Police Academy, Szczytno

88%
Bryk J.
Internal Security
|
2014
|
vol. 6(2)
127-134
EN
The article presents a brief description of a development project carried out by the Police Academy, Szczytno. Taking intoconsideration the projects’s subject, i.e. difficult trial evidence, the rationale for research in this field has been described. Currentlegal regulations do not establish rules for everyday activities regarding handling problematic trial evidence. The analysis of theseregulations indicates that there is a necessity to solve the problem of securing problematic trial evidence and the problem of retaininga sufficient amount of such evidence for the needs of the trial process. This is very important at the stage of securing and storing thisevidence for the needs of the trial process. This results from the fact that dangerous trial evidence poses a serious threat to the lifeand health of human beings and the natural environment. Tasks in the project will allow a description of a representative modelof proceedings as regards problematic trial evidence in the context of its disclosure and storage. It is not without significance thatthe project has a technical aspect, which will allow the creation of a database of the different kinds of problematic trial evidenceand their properties. This will facilitate the work of law enforcement agencies and the justice system. Special attention should bedrawn to the modification of a mobile installation to make it possible to eliminate problematic trial evidence as well as to the creationof prototype versions of equipment and devices in the area of transportation technology. That is particularly significant for properfunctioning of law enforcement agencies, justice system and other parties for whom the scope of this project is of interest.
17

Cooperation of Police Forces, Border Police and Custom Services in Combating Crime Against Cultural Heritage

88%
Plywaczewski W.
Internal Security
|
2011
|
vol. 3(1)
183-197
EN
The article studies the issue of cooperation of the police, border and customs services in the sphere of protection of cultural heritage. The first part of the article presents most important Polish institutions like the National Group Countering Crime Against Heritage dealing with all types of crime against cultural heritage (cultural goods, historical sites). Using examples of such institutions as Interpol, Europol or Eurojust and organizations cooperating with them ICOM, UNESCO, WCO, UNIDROIT, Art. Loss Register – ALR, Ebay in the second part the author presents those instruments of international cooperation of investigative authorities that can be effectively used in fighting crime aimed at national and international cultural heritage including a special CD ‘Stolen Works of Art’ addressed mostly to people and institutions connected with the trade in art works and a computer database of information on stolen works of art with their description and their photographs. The author believes that one of the most crucial factors in this fight is the existence of special police units dealing only with crimes against cultural goods. Some of these units, as model examples of such units, were discussed in detail. The article is concluded with an evaluation of present model of countering crime against cultural heritage and with remarks on how it can be improved.
18

Gender and Infanticide in Early Modern Bohemia: The Case of Elisabeth Symandlin, 1707–1710

88%
Stůj P.
West Bohemian Historical Review
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2018
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vol. 8
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issue 2
145-184
EN
The interrogation reports documenting a case of Elisabeth Symandlin, a young maidservant from south Bohemia who was investigated for suspicion of infanticide between the years 1707–1710, offer a unique opportunity for a research on the history of everyday life in the town of Jindˇrich ̊uv Hradec in early modern period. Following the recent foreign research in legal history (David Myers, 2011), the author of this paper argues that Elisabeth’s process indicates general problems related to criminal investigations which have been discussed repeatedly by contemporary lawyers and doctors. The present study is a contribution to the research in the history of everyday life following modern historiographical trends (historical anthropology, microhistory, gender history). Based on the sources from the estate of Jindˇrich ̊uv Hradec, it emphasizes the manifestation of woman’s involvement in crime investigation and examines the opportunities that unmarried women could get in the early modern society.
19

Crime, Prison Services and Administration in Colonial Ilorin Emirate, North Central, Nigeria

88%
Idris R. T., Yemisi O. I.
West Bohemian Historical Review
|
2023
|
vol. 13
|
issue 1
23-40
EN
Before the emergence of colonial rule in Nigeria, pre-colonial societies had well-organised political and judicial institutions that guided customary laws and orderliness. Among the means employed in implementing order and laws was the ‘prison’ locally referred to as ‘Tubu’. The advent of colonial rule under the British Native Administration also witnessed the use of prisons to maintain law and order in the colonies. The colonial authority put at its disposal the coercive security apparatus of police, court, and prison to enable a conducive environment for society. The prison operated within the basic framework of maintaining peace and order. In Ilorin Province, the Emir, under the indirect rule system, controlled these instruments of power and authority, such as treasuries, prisons, courts, and police. Using a historical research method that relies on archival documents collected from the National Archive Kaduna (NAK), Nigeria and secondary source of data from books and peer-reviewed journals, the article examined crime, prison services and administration in Ilorin Emirate. Under the prison administration, the article seeks to understand how issues of rehabilitation, prisoners’ health, food, genderisation of prisoners, and the condition of service provided by prison wardens were handled under colonial rule. The article contributes to a global perspective on how British colonialists conceptualised and handled issues surrounding punishment and prison during colonial rule.
20
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Bezrobocie, ubóstwo i przestępczość w Polsce. Analiza zależności na poziomie województw

75%
Kądziołka K.
Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2015
|
vol. 242
71-84
PL
Celem artykułu jest empiryczne badanie zależności między bezrobociem i ubóstwem a przestępczością w Polsce na poziomie województw. Wykorzystane zostały dane przekrojowe, szeregi czasowe oraz dane panelowe za lata 2002-2012. Uzyskane wyniki sugerują, że wzrost stopy bezrobocia, a także ubóstwa może prowadzić do wzrostu natężenia przestępstw (szczególnie przeciwko mieniu) na danym terenie. W badaniach zależności między przestępczością a bezrobociem uwzględniono pewne szczególne rodzaje bezrobocia mogące mieć kryminogenny charakter, jak bezrobocie długoterminowe czy bezrobocie wśród osób młodych posiadających niskie wykształcenie.
EN
There is empirically verified impact of unemployment and poverty on crime in the voivodships of Poland. There is presented spatial variation of poverty and crime in the regions of Poland. It is noticed that voivodships with highest poverty rate are characterized by lowest property crime rate. Then there were used time series and panel data sets. Panel data analysis suggests that increasing unemployment or poverty rate may lead to increase of crime rate and victimization risk.
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