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PL
General jurisprudence is a type of thinking about law and the social bond developed by British critical legal scholars. Returning to the classical concerns of (legal) philosophy, it examines the legal aspects of social reproduction both inside and outside state law, treating posited law as a part of wider legality. It brings back to the centre the aesthetic, ethical and material aspects of legality, as well as includes the political economy of law, the legal constructions of subjectivity and the ways in which gender, race or sexuality create forms of identity both disciplining bodies and offering sites of resistance. The British Critical Legal Conference (CLC) is a school of thought committed to a plurality of theoretical approaches to law and to radical politics. The first CLC took place in 1985 and has taken place annually without interruption since. The CLC has introduced a number of themes, approaches and strategies unknown or dismissed by mainstream scholarship, including semiotics, rhetoric, literature, aesthetics and psychoanalysis. A variety of critical schools, such as postmodernism, phenomenology, postcolonialism, critical race, feminism, queer theory, art theory and history, the ethics of otherness, the ontology of plural singularity, the critique of biopolitics and post–politics have been pioneered in the CLC.
EN
The topic of fundamental rights is crucial from the perspective of contemporary social and legal thought. The triumph of fundamental rights can even be referred to as one of the indicators of philosophical modernity. The mainstream approach to fundamental rights is unequivocally optimistic and affirmative. According to this vision, humanity, following Kant's injunction sapere aude, discovered/created and is creatively developing a historically optimal set of normative indicators of functioning for individuals and groups. Author prefers different visions of fundamental rights. His aim is to interpret in a generalising manner the approach to individual rights in critical legal and social thought. He understands the latter as a set of emancipatory discourses, the juridical local variation of which is the Critical Legal Studies movement, not only in its American version, but also in its European version (encompassing various gender and queer theories, post-colonial theories, critical sociology, communication theories, post-humanist theories). The direct intertextual genealogy of various rules adopted by those discourses leads back to the so-called “French theory”, i.e. the thought of French post-structuralists, in particular Michel Foucault and to the programmes of critical theory elaborated by the Frankfurt School.
PL
Problematyka praw jednostki jest ewidentnie fundamentalnym zestawem zagadnień dla nowoczesnej myśli społecznej i prawniczej. Tryumf tej problematyki można chyba nawet uznać za jeden z wyznaczników filozoficznej moderny. Mainstreamowe podejście do praw jednostki jest jednoznacznie optymistyczne i afirmatywne. Oto ludzkość, realizując Kantowski postulat sapere aude, odkryła/stworzyła i twórczo rozwija najlepszy w dziejach zestaw normatywnych wyznaczników funkcjonowania jednostek i grup. Autor przyjmuje całkowicie odmienną perspektywę. Celem tekstu jest generalizująca interpretacja wątków poświęconych prawom jednostki w krytycznej myśli prawniczej i społecznej. Tę ostatnią Autor rozumie jako zespół emancypacyjnych dyskursów, którego prawniczą lokalną odmianę stanowi ruch krytycznych studiów nad prawem, nie tylko w wydaniu amerykańskim, lecz także europejskim (rozmaite teorie gender i queer, teorie postkolonialne, socjologia krytyczna, teorie komunikacyjne, teorie posthumanistyczne). Bezpośrednia intertekstualna genealogia wielu reguł przyjmowanych przez te dyskursy sięga do tzw. French theory, czyli myśli francuskich poststrukturalistów, a zwłaszcza M. Foucaulta, oraz do programów teorii krytycznej Szkoły Frankfurckiej.
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