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Narracja i encyklopedia. Wyobrażenia historyczne Chorwatów i Serbów

100%
Czerwiński M.
Rocznik Antropologii Historii
|
2014
|
issue 1(6), Semiotyka historii
93–118
XX
The article discusses the issue of the historical imaginations of the Croats and the Serbs. On the basis of both their narrations about the nation, it shows differences in conceptualising the past. The semiotic apparatus was used to show why Serbian narrations feature a tragic ending, while Croatian ones have a happy ending. I show the most fundamental mutual stereotypes (understood as a kind of encyclopaedia with a hierarchically organised structure of knowledge) in order to show where and how the two different (Serbian and Croatian) historical imaginations confront each other.
2
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„Chorwaci islamskiej wiary” – byt rzeczywisty czy twór propagandy?

100%
Gucka A.
Slavia Meridionalis
|
2011
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vol. 11
EN
The “Croats of Islamic faith” – reality or a creation of propaganda? According to the latest census, in 2001, 56, 777 Muslims live in the Republic of Croatia. The present article is an attempt to answer the following questions about these “Croats of Islamic faith” (Hrvati islamske vjeroispovjesti): Who are they? Where do they come from? And how are they socially perceived?The notion that the Bosnian Muslims are “Croats of the purest blood” was first formulated in the first half of the XIX century by Dr. Ante Starčević, the founder of the Law Party and the originator of a modern Croatian national doctrine. His views were fully adopted and accepted by the Ustasha propaganda, which claims that Bosnia and Herzegovina is the historical cradle of the Croatian state. As a result of this, local Muslims enjoyed a status which was equal to that of the Catholic community. Some propaganda gestures of the time, such as a celebration of the opening of a big mosque in downtown Zagreb, were meant to make the Bosnian Muslims accept the idea of the NDH state and induce them to enroll in the Ustasha Army. After World War II numerous Muslims, who uncritically became advocates of the Ustasha propaganda also shared the fate of Pavelic and his followers. The other Muslims who left their country before the war cultivated the infamous traditions of the NDH state, as well as the myth of an apparent Catholic-Muslim brotherhood.Following the civil war (1991–1995) thousands of Muslim refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina returned to Croatia, and the issue of their ethnic identity caused some problems. The level of social acceptance of the Muslim community in this traditionally Catholic community, however, is insufficient given the history, and displays of religious activity such as the establishment of Islamic schools and the building of mosques, raise anxiety and a fear of Islamicization amongst many Catholic Croatians. One can observe ongoing and endless Internet debates on the issue as to whether or not the Muslims living in Croatia are true Croatians, while politicians struggle to make use of the Muslim issue for their own purposes. In reality the “Croats of Islamic faith” are simply trying to adapt themselves to the global community and are too busy with everyday matters that they seem not to notice these debates that are largely theoretical.
3
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Identitet Hrvata i hrvatske države u govorima i porukama pape Ivana Pavla II.

76%
Skoko B.
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
|
2016
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issue 10
PL
Starting from the concept of “external branding” of states and nations, the paper analyses the speeches and messages of Pope John Paul II dedicated to Croats and the Croatian state, spoken and published during his pontificate (1978–2005), in order to uncover how he perceived and presented the Croatian identity. The author believes that Pope John Paul II, thanks to his charisma and significant public impact, as well as extensive knowledge of the Croatian identity, contributed greatly to strengthening the recognisability of Croats in the global public and to promote their values, interests and aspirations.
4
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Československo-jugoslávské vztahy v přelomovém roce 1929

75%
Hrabcová J.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
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2014
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vol. 100
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issue 2
271-296
EN
This study examines bilateral political relations between Czechoslovakia and Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes during the year 1929 when the royal dictatorship in Yugoslavia was proclaimed. The author focuses on mutual political relations and on the Czechoslovak attitude toward the Yugoslav dictatorship during its first year. This study is based upon numerous sources from the Czech and Yugoslav archives as well as literature and the Czechoslovak and Yugoslav press from 1929.
5
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Žonglování s čísly: odhady počtu obětí občanské války v Bosně a Hercegovině a jejich odlišná interpretace

75%
Žíla O.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
|
2014
|
vol. 100
|
issue 2
343-370
EN
This study focuses on interpretive discrepancies in evaluating numbers of victims in the war between the constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Varying interpretations of research conducted on the numerical population losses have been caused by the long-term absence of a postwar population census. This article analyzes and summarizes discrepant calculations of the overall number of victims and the proportional losses of the individual nations. These sources were quantified by experts from the ranks of the nations involved in the conflict, demographers of the former Yugoslavia and also foreign researchers using varied methodological approaches. Their inconsistent, and in places entirely contradictory calculations (and subsequent interpretations) clearly illustrate to what extent the statistical discipline relies on the relevance of the data that is entered into calculations, and to what extent it can be used or abused for political purposes. At its conclusion, this contribution summarizes the partial quantitative data and its relevance in the reconstruction of an approximate range of the number of victims in the Bosnian conflict.
6
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Национспъный стиль как проявление национагьного языка сербов, хорватов, бошняков и черногорцев

63%
ТОШОВИЧ Б.
Stylistyka
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2012
|
vol. 21
61-82
RU
This paper addresses the following ąuestions: 1) what is the national language, 2) what is the relation between national language and standard language, and 3) how and to what extent is the national style associated with the national language and standard language. According to the author, there are two basie types of national styles - literary (standard) and non-literary (nonstandard). Each national style characterizes two national markings - the expressive and functional stylistic. In the main part o f the analysis the basie expressive functional stylistic differences between the national styles of Śtokavian peoples (Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks and Montenegrins) are demonstrated.
7
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The socioeconomic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the years 1948–1991 and its impact to the population movements of the three constitutional nations

45%
Žížala O.
Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century
|
2013
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vol. 5
|
issue 1
49-65
EN
The study examines the effects of turbulent modernization of Bosnia and Herzegovina after World War II, which modified fundamentally the almost exclusively agrarian and strongly conservative rural society. The paper analyses how and to what extent socioeconomic changes affected not only the spatial distribution of population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also basic demographic components (natural movements and spatial mobility). Such changes resulted in geographical polarization of the population process during the socialist period, i.e. in significant differences between rural and urban areas. Different demographic behaviour and different mobility of Muslims, Serbs and Croats radically changed their numerical representation in the country. The growth in the numbers of Muslims and decrease in the numbers of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the time of political and economic collapse of Yugoslavia was one of the key factors, which inevitably contributed to the escalation of ethnic tensions and subsequent civil war.
CS
Studie zkoumá dopady bouřlivého modernizačního vývoje Bosny a Hercegoviny po druhé světové válce, který zcela zásadně modifikoval původně téměř výhradně agrární a silně konzervativní venkovskou společnost. Příspěvek analyzuje, jakým způsobem a v jakém rozsahu socioekonomické změny ovlivnily nejen prostorové rozmístění obyvatel Bosny a Hercegoviny, ale i základní demografické komponenty (přirozený a územní pohyb obyvatelstva). V jejich důsledku se populační vývoj země začal v socialistickém období výrazně geograficky polarizovat v dichotomii město versus venkov. Odlišné demografické chování a rozdílná mobilita jednotlivých konstitutivních národů Muslimů, Srbů a Chorvatů současně v zemi markantně proměnily jejich početní zastoupení. Početní růst Muslimů a úbytek Srbů v Bosně a Hercegovině na pozadí politického a hospodářského kolapsu jugoslávské federace přitom představoval jeden z klíčových faktorů, jenž nevyhnutelně přispěl k výsledné eskalaci etnického napětí a následnému rozpoutání občanské války.
8
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Образы национальных характеров и юмористические персонажи балканских народов Южной Славии сквозь призму их стереотипного отображения в современных анекдотах

32%
Savchenko A., Khmelevskiy M.
Językoznawstwo
|
2021
|
vol. 15
241-257
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie jednej z małych form folkloru – anegdoty, a dokładniej etnoanekdoty jako sposobu odzwierciedlenia narodowej specyfiki, narodowego kolorytu, formy wyrażenia najbardziej charakterystycznych cech mentalności i stylu życia określonego ludu, nacji, grupy społecznej. Na przykładzie najbardziej typowych i rozpowszechnionych na słowiańskich Bałkanach tekstów anegdot przedstawiono najbardziej charakterystyczne dla przedstawicieli serbochorwackiego kontinuum językowego narodowo-specyficzne cechy, odzwierciedlone w tego rodzaju etnoanegdotach. Ich dodatkową cechą jest to, że często narodowe (auto)stereotypy są połączone we wspólnym obrazie (obrazach) – bohatera (lub bohaterów) najbardziej wyraziście i w całości skupiającym i reprezentującym główne stereotypy charakterystyczne dla danego narodu. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwala wnioskować, że etnoanegdota, jako szczególna odmiana tematyczna anegdoty, zawiera między innymi ważne informacje ekstralingwistyczne i może stać się obiektywnym źródłem etnolingwistycznej i kulturoznawczej charakterystyki danego kraju i zamieszkujących go mieszkańców.
EN
This article reviews one of the small forms of folklore – anecdote and, more specifically, ethno-anecdote (ethnic joke) as a way of reflecting national specifics, national colour, a form of expression of the most characteristic features of the mentality and way of life of a certain people, nation, social group. Based on texts of anecdotes that are most typical and widespread in the area of the Slavic Balkans, the characteristics of representatives of the so-called “Serbo-Croatian dialect continuum” are explored. Nationalspecific qualities reflected in ethnic jokes and stereotypes are discussed. It is concluded that ethnic jokes, as a special thematic kind of anecdote, contain, among other things, important extralinguistic information and can become an objective source when studying the ethnolinguistic and culturological characteristics of a particular country and its inhabitants.
RU
Предлагаемая статья посвящена рассмотрению одной из малых форм фольклора – анекдоту и более конкретно – этноанекдоту как способу отражения национальной специфики, национального колорита, форме выражения наиболее характерных особенностей менталитета и образа жизни определенного народа, нации, социальной группы. На примере текстов наиболее типичных и распространенных на славянских Балканах текстов анекдотов представлены наиболее типичные, характерные для представителей т.н. «сербохорватского языкового континуума» национально-специфические качества, отражаемые в подобных этноанекдотах, еще одной особенностью которых является то, что нередко национальные (авто)стереотипы объединены в собирательном образе (образах) – герое (или героях), наиболее ярко и во всей совокупности аккумулирующих и представляющих основные стереотипы, характерные для данной нации. Выводится заключение о том, что этноанекдоты, как особая тематическая разновидность анекдота, помимо прочего, содержат важную экстралингвистическую информацию и способны стать объективным источником для этнолингвистической и культурологической характеристики определенной страны и населяющих ее жителей.
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