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EN
Historical state rights are characteristics of a few empires. Legally, they drew on the tradition of former estates’ orders and contained privileges estates or a County with regard to the Emperor. In the second half of the 19th century, however, this legal argument gave way for interpretations that were genuinely political. Historiography has often interpreted this shift as an exclusively nationalist one. Taking the Austrian Bohemian Lands and Czech nationalism as an example, this paper shows how the more complex the discourse was, in which history was transformed into political claims. In the realm of the Habsburg Monarchy, state rights legitimized so different ideas as feudal-estates’ orders, historic federalism or nation states. These political programs had conservative, national-liberal and even democratic implications combined with integrationist or separationist policies.
EN
This article discusses the way in which three different generations of Lithuanian patriots defined their relationship with the Czech national movement; how the Czech national movement influenced the development of the Lithuanian national movement in the 19th century. The article is methodologically based on a three-stage periodization of the national movement provided by historian, Miroslav Hroch. It draws information primarily on the basis of text analysis of the journals Teka Wileńska, Aušra, and Varpas, which can be regarded as generational ideological platforms, and correspondence and memories of activists. The author researches the difference in the motivation of Lithuaanian-Polish patriots on one hand and, on the other, by later generations activists of the Lithuanian national movement.
EN
This study analyses Klicpera’s dubium, a parodic sermon based on similarities between Christ’s suffering and the processing of barley in beer production. The primary aim is to show how a genre that begins by parodying scripture gradually transforms into a declamatory text, which functions in the culture of the Czech national movement mainly as light reading but also aims to homogenize the Czech national community. Furthermore, the study shows numerous thematic parallels in foreign literatures which may serve (mainly within the world imagined by Klicpera’s text) as very interesting comparative materials. Attached to the study is a critically verified edition of Klicpera’s text.
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