Search results - CEJSH

1

František Kordač, arcybiskup praski i prymas Czech w latach 1919–1931. Wysoki dostojnik Kościoła, który nie został kardynałem

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Šmíd M.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2021

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issue 2 (29)

154-170

EN

The study deals with František Kordač, a Czech Church dignitary and university professor who became the Archbishop of Prague and the Czech Primate in 1919. The text is based on materials from Czech and foreign archives, e.g. the Vatican funds.

2

Czechoslovak Shows and Contests of Folk Ensembles in the Second Half of the 20th Century: a Mirror of an Era and Creative Approaches

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Černíčková K.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2018

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vol. 28

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issue 2

130 - 143

EN

The study deals with staged folk dances in the Czech cultural context. The main goal is to observe the development of the national and state-wide contest/show of folklore ensembles as an important phenomenon associated with the development of artistic values of the specific Czechoslovak staged genre in the second half of the 20th century. The author explains the history of this phenomenon, which is unique in many respects, with all its positions of thinking, internal discrepancies and transformations in deliberations. Especially in the 1950s and in connection with the staged presentation of folk dances, matters relating to the period cultural-political tendencies were brought to the forefront; these, however, weakened in the 1960s, and it was folk ensembles´ own production that became the major preoccupation at that time. This broad platform appears to have been the basis for a significant stream of thinking within folklore movement, which over time has brought the staged folk dance to the form that essentially differs from how the staged folk dance is understood in other countries.

3

Počátky československého četnictva na Podkarpatské Rusi v letech 1919-1922

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Hubený D.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2023

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vol. 109

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issue 2

193-208

EN

The provision of security in Subcarpathian Ruthenia represented a difficult task for Czechoslovakia, which had to be realized in the period of the postwar disruption with insufficient material and human resources, and it was often necessary to reckon with passionate social, ethnic, and religious movements. The gendarmerie, initially operating on the principle of temporarily or permanently transferred gendarmes from the Czech lands, who naturally had to first become acclimatized to their new environment, represented the basic security force that provided for public peace and stability in the countryside and small towns.

4

Between Czechoslovakia and 'mečiarism': Political situation in the Slovak Republic in 1992-1994

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Żarna K.

Political Preferences

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2018

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issue 21

71-83

EN

The article concerns the analysis of the political situation in the Slovak Republic and the formation of the party system. In the analysed period, the process of decomposition of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic took place, or actually, the culmination of this process. The study is based on the assumption that in the analysed period there were many divisions observed on the political scene, which were the result of the lack of a stable political structure. In the article author uses the method of historical and institutional analysis.

5

FOR THE ANNIVERSARY OF PhD IN HISTORY, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, A MEMBER OF OUR YEARBOOK EDITORIAL BOARD ĽUBICA HARBUĽOVÁ

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Švorc P.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2022

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issue 31

326-330

EN

The article covers the biography and scholarly activities of PhD in History, Associate Professor, a member of our yearbook editorial board Ľubica Harbuľová

6

Slovenská a česká spoločnosť v kontexte ľudských a občianskych práv a slobôd (1985 – 1991)

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Žatkuliak J.

Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

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2014

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vol. 17

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issue 1-2

182-210

EN

After the November 1989 come to attention the question of human and civil rights and liberties in the post-totalitarian system which in the previous regime – despite the social challenges – had been neglected. For the new democratic CSFR the results of the Helsinki process in the field of human rights and liberties were connected with the interest to become the part of the Trans-European integrative structures. These two phenomena expressed oneself during the setting up the Czechoslovak federal as well as Slovak and Czech national constitutions, the integral part of which should be the constitutional safeguard of the basic human and civil rights. During the creating the constitutional system of the post-communist Czechoslovakia combined with the Czech-Slovak negotiations about the composition of the new federal relations between the Slovak and Czech republics, these rights reflected themselves in the principles of democracy and humanism, of legally consistent state, as well as of the right of nations of self-determination. The first climax in establishing the democratic character of the new regime was the elections in June 1990. In that time also the Charter of elementary human rights and liberties has been approved.

7

“Natives” of a “home” (un)known: trips of expelled and forcibly displaced Germans to Czechoslovakia and their perception of the local population in expellee periodicals

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Kreisslová S., Nosková J.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2023

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vol. 110

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issue 2

243-276

EN

This study focuses on a specific type of tourism (so-called Heimattourismus), the main aim of which is to visit the countries, or better said, the localities that forcibly displaced Germans had to abandon after the end of World War II due to their forced migration, places they consider(ed) one of their “homes”. After the first such unofficial trips were made, it is possible to observe a gradual increase in group and individual tourism by forcibly displaced Germans to Czechoslovakia from the second half of the 1950s. In this article, we focus on one of the many subjects related to Heimattourismus, namely, Sudeten German tourists’ reflections about the local populations in their former homeland and the stereotypes constructed by them about these locals. We investigate this subject by analysing reports about such travel that were published by these forcibly displaced persons and expellees in their periodicals from the time such trips began until the mid-1960s

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Territorial disputes between Poland and Czechoslovakia 1938–1945

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Błachut M.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2020

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vol. 38

9-17

EN

The historical point of view is important to fully understand foreign affairs. For Polish-Czech relations the crucial period in this respect is 1918–1945. The matter of the conflict were borderlands, with the most important one – Zaolzie, that is, historical lands of the Duchy of Cieszyn beyond Olza River. Originally, the land belonged to the Crown of the Polish Kingdom, then to the Kingdom of Bohemia and Austrian Habsburg dynasty. After World War I, local communities took control of the land. Czechoslovakian military intervention and a conflict with Bolsheviks caused both parties to agree to the division of Zaolzie through arbitration of powers in 28 July 1920. Until 1938, key parts of Zaolzie belonged to Czechoslovakia. In that year, Poland decided to annex territories lost according to the arbitration. After World War II tension between Poland and Czechoslovakia heightened again. Czechoslovakia made territorial claims on parts of Silesia belonging to Germany. Poland once more tried to reclaim Zaolzie, but military invasion was stopped by Stalin. Negotiations failed, but the escalation of the conflict was stopped. Two years later the relationship between the parties was eventually normalized, the final agreement was signed in 1958 and it is still in place today.

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Mapping the Status of the Greek Catholic Church after 1948 from the Perspective of Selected Local Periodicals

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Lukáčova J., Šturák P., Kichera V.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2023

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vol. 14

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issue 2

439-455

EN

Aim. The article discusses the status of the Greek Catholic Church from 1948 to 1950. It also presents how this period was presented through media. Since it is possible to investigate this aspect within the framework of a comparison of several media channels, we have decided to introduce the comparison through the perspective of the daily-newspaper Rudé právo. Methods. The findings of our research study are based on the data collected from archival and documentary sources, as well as professional studies and monographs related to the above-mentioned topic. Results. Based on our research topic, we can understand how the attitude towards the Greek Catholic Church changed after the events of February 1948 and what impact the change of regime had on its functioning. Regarding media, we can observe how the pressure on the Greek Catholic Church changed in relation to the regime change and individual historical events, and how the media expressed its opinion on the Church. Conclusion. Media is not only a source of information for people, but it also creates public opinion, and therefore, it was extremely important to control this state apparatus in the past. We must understand that availability of information in the 1950s and today is significantly different. Catholic periodicals were almost non-existent and thus, people often received misleading or false information. Through our research, which is presented in the tabular presentation of data, we can discover the increasing pressure against the Church, and the response of the public to the Church.

10

Tourism and film in the Polish People's Republic in the 1950s

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Ciszewska E.

Turystyka Kulturowa

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2017

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issue 2

178-194

PL

The article considers the relationship between film and tourism in the initial period of the Polish People's Republic (PPR). It puts forward the question about the possibility of applying the concept of film tourism (film-induced tourism) to research into the relationship of the cinematographic industry and tourism in Poland in the 1950s. The presented argument assumes that considerations in this field should rely on textual analyses, extended by reception of supplementary materials. Research into the phenomenon of the relationship between film and tourism requires understanding the realities of how the tourism industry functions, hence the article also discusses the key problems associated with the growth of tourism in Poland and Czechoslovakia in the 1950s. The proposed research approach is illustrated by a discussion of the film-tourism relationship on the example of the first post-war Polish-Czechoslovakian co-production entitled What Will My Wife Say to This? (Co řekne žena/Zadzwońcie do mojej żony, 1958, by Jaroslav Mach). The text considers the role the film was given in the process of building positive meanings associated with Poland as a tourist destination, and how these associations were constructed.

11

Kontinuita a diskontinuita vývoje sociálního státu v Československu (1918–1956)

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Rákosník J.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2013

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issue 1-2

15-39

EN

This article is concerned with the long-term trends in the development of social policy between the First World War and the mid-1950s. The author begins by summarizing the main ideas of his own previous articles and books. He emphasizes the continuity and discontinuity in the general conception of Czechoslovak social policy in this period. He also considers conceptual questions, particularly those that would help to explain how the basic terms are employed in historical analysis. The article moves between the two poles of the construction of causality – structural explanation and voluntaristic explanation. The content of the article can be aptly summed up in a neat metaphor: from Bismarck by way of Beveridge to Stalin. In personifi ed form, this shortcut expresses the long-term development of Czechoslovak social policy: from an emphasis on principles of merit, characteristic of the traditional German and Austrian social insurance schemes, by way of a considerably more egalitarian national insurance from 1948 (strongly infl uenced by the British system), to the Soviet model of social security, which developed from 1951 to 1956. The article also considers important changes in social legislation in the Czechoslovak Republic in this period, including the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

12

Organization and Functioning of Intelligence Formations since the Creation of Czechoslovakia Until the End of World War II

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Dworzecki J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

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2019

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issue 3

42-50

EN

The paper discusses issues of creation, organization and functioning of intelligence formations operating in Czechoslovakia in the period between the rise of an independent state until the end of World War II and presents the mechanisms of recruiting full-time officers and spies as well as civilian informers. In addition, the paper features methods used by intelligence agents as well as applied models of managing human and operational capital together with examples of undercover actions undertaken by specialized intelligence units.

13

“The whole lot, Czechs, Magyars, Poles, Jugos, Roumanians, should be put in a bag and shaken up and then handed over to a decent Briton to administer.” A Contribution on the British Perception of Czech-German Relations in Czechoslovakia to 1933

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Novotný L.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

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2017

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issue 1

102-114

EN

The study uses unpublished sources from the National Archives in London and scientific literature to analyse the British Legation in Prague’s perception of Czech-German relations in Czechoslovakia up to 1933. After some initial fumbling caused by a lack of knowledge of the Central European region following the collapse of Austria-Hungary, responsible officials in London decided to wait for the outcome of the peace conference in Paris. At the same time, British diplomats acknowledged that they would have to rely on co-operation with France in the region, and as a result indirectly supported French claims and demands; once the peace conference had ended, however, Great Britain focused on its own issues and the affairs of its empire. At the start of the 1920s, the British diplomatic mission in Prague also settled in its position and the first Minister, George Clerk, provided unbiased information on Czech-German coexistence within Czechoslovakia, and partially acknowledged that both sides were right (he understood some of the Germans’ objections), but on the other hand he clearly recognised the new state and perceived its minorities policy as very accommodating, and respect ing international obligations. Following the calm period of the 1920s when even the British Legation in Prague remarked on the qualitative shift in relations between both ethnicities, the beginning of the 1930s arrived alongside the economic crisis, which transformed the domestic political situation within the First Czechoslovak Republic. According to British Minister, Joseph Addison, the position of the largest minority in the country had deteriorated, something he thought was due to the fact that Czechoslovak officials were breaching the Minority Treaty and were not doing enough for the wellbeing of its German population, and that this did not bode well for the future.

14

DYSKONTYNUACJA SYSTEMU PRAWNOPAŃSTWOWEGO I TRANSFORMACYJNEGO REPUBLIKI SŁOWACKIEJ W LATACH 1992–1994

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Żarna K.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

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2019

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issue 2(17)

129-141 (13)

EN

The article concerns an analysis of the political situation in the Slovak Republic between the years 1992–1994 and the formation of the legal and state system. In the analysed period, the process of decomposition of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic took place or, to be more precise, the finalisation of this process. The study is based on the assumption that in the analysed period there were many divisions observed on the political scene, which was the result of the lack of a stable political structure.

15

Military Defence Training as an Element of Civil Defence Education in Former Czechoslovakia

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Kavan Š., Kováčová L., Drotárová J.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2020

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vol. 30(30)

98-113

EN

Civil defence education in Czechoslovakia was one of the elements of education and the creation of conditions for every citizen to be physically and mentally capable and willing to fulfil his or her duties related to homeland defence. The aim of the paper is to examine the basic approaches to the implementation of military defence training as one of the basic elements of civil defence education in Czechoslovakia in the period from 1918 to 1989. The historical-comparative analysis is used as a method for researching military defence training issues. This method is treated as a qualitative research tool. The individual elements that military defence training included, such as exercising in nature, field orientation practice, and marching exercises are characterized. In military defence training in Czechoslovakia, emphasis was simultaneously placed on enabling children to be in touch with nature, to toughen them up and to train their observation skills. The training was an organizational form of school civil defence education. Its main aim was to train and prepare individuals, as well as schools as wholes, for emergencies.

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Sociální postavení příslušníků československého četnictva 1918–1939

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Kolářová I., Kolář O.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2015

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vol. 113

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issue 1

76-96

EN

The introductory part of this study gives an insight into the pay rates and accommodation available for Czechoslovak Gendarmerie. Attention is also devoted to the attitudes of the main political parties to the issues of the gendarmerie and to the question of a proposed reform and the “democratisation” of the force. This is followed by an outline of attitudes held by the public and the media towards the gendarmerie and an attempt to answer the question of how the members of the force viewed their own role in society.

17

Hořký epilog Mnichova 1938

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Němeček J., Miller S.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2018

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vol. 116

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issue 4

990-1011

EN

Nazi Germany consciously and consistently sought to absorb Czechoslovakia. The instrument of breaking the Czechoslovak state became the German national minority headed by the dominating Sudeten-German party, working in the intentions of Hitler. Nazi diplomacy in 1938 set up the problem of the German national minority as an international one and launched a policy of direct coercion thanks to the appeasement of the Western powers. Following Berlin’s direction, it culminated in the adoption of the Munich Agreement of the Four Great Powers, Germany, Italy, Great Britain and France, and the truncation of the Czechoslovak state as the first step towards its destruction. The other was the definitive liquidation of the Czecho-Slovakia in March 1939.

18

Path Dependency Regarding Forms of Ownership through the Conception of Political Capitalism

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Cviklová L.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2015

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vol. 22

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issue 2

69-81

EN

Major argument of the article draws on the perspective of institutional economics according to which post-communist privatizations were not symmetrical to communist nationalizations and for this reason it was not possible to conceptualize economic reforms in terms of the big bang claimed by liberals. More concretely, adherents of institutional economics have claimed that post-communist transformations should be seen through the perspective of formal rules and informal constraints; while formal rules could be changed relatively quickly by political mechanisms, informal rules have been rooted in social habits and routines and they cannot be changed very quickly due to their ʻpath dependency tendenciesʼ. The article highlights the notion of political capitalism elaborated by Polish researcher Jadwiga Staniszkis as a theoretical framework that could elucidate dissolution of nomenklatura system as well as explain transformation of economic domain in last decades of posttotalitarian regimes. Later on argumentation proceeds to explanation of institutional conceptualization of early post-communist property changes by differentiating among notions of ‘institutional privatizationsʼ, ‘spontaneous privatizationsʼ and ‘political capitalismʼ in order to provide a framework for the adoption of the more elaborated model that could contribute to insight in recent privatization processes.

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“Sunny Grave” and “Odyssey”: Restrictions and the Creative Process in Socialist Czechoslovakia Using the Cases of the Blue Effect and Atlantis Bands

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Poděbradský O.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2023

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vol. 33

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issue 3

177 - 186

EN

This article focuses on the state-forced changes in the musical creative process in 1960s communist Czechoslovakia. Using historical sources and narrative interviews with famous musicians of that time (Karel Kahovec, Viktor Sodoma, Josef Laufer…), it examines how musicians perceived the effects of state repression e.g. having to translate English lyrics into Czech, being persecuted for playing a specific musical genre, and being banned from the media due to inappropriate themes or topics used on their records. These repressions are evidenced in two example cases: the song “Slunečný hrob” [Sunny Grave] by the Blue Effect band, which became famous in the Czech movie Pelíšky only in the late 1990s, and the unjustly forgotten album Odyssea [Odyssey] recorded by Atlantis, a Petr Ulrych’s music band, in 1969. The article shows how the perception of music and lyrics by the state’s repressive apparatus changed over a short period of time and how artists negotiated with the regime according to the changing circumstances

20

«ПРАЗЬКА ВЕСНА» 1968 РОКУ В ЧЕХОСЛОВАЧЧИНІ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ІСТОРІОГРАФІЇ

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Postolovskyj R., Slesarenko A.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2018

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issue 27

EN

The article deals with the scientific achievements of Ukrainian historians concerning the study of the Prague Spring in 1968, as well as the reflection of these historical events in memoir literature (memoirs of P. Shelest). The theme of the Prague Spring, its political defeat has always been given considerable attention in the Ukrainian historical Slavic studies. The influence on the Ukrainian historical science of a new stage in the study of the political history of Czechoslovakia in 1968, which began after the “velvet” revolution of 1989, was made by Czech and Slovak historians. Significant scientific interest in the history of the Czech Republic and Slovakia in the second half of the XX century show modern Ukrainian slavists of academic and university centers of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, Uzhgorod, Rivne, Chernivtsi, there were separate works, scientific articles, manuals and collective works. Among the studies of domestic historians, the authors singled out the monographic works of I. Korol, I. Vovkanych, R. Pilyavets, articles by S. Vidnyansky, S. Motruk, R. Postolovsky, publications about the echo of events in 1968 in Ukraine V. Dmytruk. The analysis of the national historiography of the Prague Spring shows that the understanding and interpretation of the events of fifty years ago by Ukrainian historians have undergone evolution. Departing from the Communist Party paradigm of anti-socialist rebellion and justifying the intervention of the states of the Warsaw treaty organization of the Soviet period, domestic scientists consider the phenomenon of the Prague Spring as an attempt of democratic transformation of the socialist system by the Czech and Slovak societies.

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