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Bohemistyka
|
2022
|
issue 3
435-462
CS
Korpusový přístup k výuce češtiny jako cizího jazyka si přes rostoucí zájem v posledních letech nezískal v akademické jazykové praxi své stabilní místo. Stále chybí ucelený rámec využití korpusových cvičení a jejich vlivu na jazykový rozvoj studentů. Tento článek si klade za cíl ověřit metodu učení řízeného daty (DDL) ve výuce češtiny na univerzitní úrovni. Analýza byla založena na experimentu, ve kterém byla zkoumána experimentální skupina využívající korpusový přístup ve srovnání s kontrolní skupinou. Výzkum byl proveden formou jednosemestrálního kurzu pro polské studenty bohemistiky. Výsledky prokázaly, že studenti díky aktivitám DDL dosahovali pozitivních výsledků a v několika oblastech měli dokonce lepší výsledky ve srovnání s kontrolní skupinou. Podstatně se zlepšili z hlediska gramatického rodu, vokalizace předložek a genitivu jednotného a množného čísla. Pro tyto tři jazykové jevy byla představena konkrétní aplikace korpusových cvičení. Studie potvrdila, že jasný a systematický postup prezentovaný v korpusové výuce přispěl k fixaci probrané látky. Využití metod DDL ve vysokoškolských jazykových kurzech má v budoucnu šanci stát se trvalým prostředkem využívaným učiteli i studenty při objevování jazyka.
EN
The corpus approach to teaching Czech as a foreign language has not gained its stable place in academic language teaching practice in spite of growing interest in the last years. A comprehensive framework of corpus-based exercises usage and their influence on students' language development is still missing. This article aims to verify the data-driven learning (DDL) method in teaching Czech at university level. The analysis was based on an experiment in which an experimental group using the corpus approach was examined in comparison with a control group. The research was conducted in the form of a one-semester course for Polish students of Czech studies. The results have proven that thanks to DDL activities, students accomplished positive outcomes and, in several areas, had even better results in comparison with control group. They substantially improved in terms of grammatical gender, vocalisation of prepositions, and genitive singular and plural. For these three language phenomena concrete application of corpus exercises was presented. The study confirmed that the clear and systematic procedure presented in the corpus approach to teaching contributed to the fixation of taught material. Employment of DDL methods in university language courses has a chance to become a permanent means used by teachers and students in language discovery in the future.
EN
The aim of this study is the issue of competitive endings -a and -u of genitive singular inanimate masculine nouns in the context of foreign language teaching. The emphasis is on a systematic description of genitive endings -a and -u using corpus methods. In the first step, we analysed the part of the learner corpus including texts of Slavic language speaking students. The results have shown that students quite often confuse both of these endings: the correct ending -u frequently substituted by -a. Next, we examined the competition of genitive endings within the corpus of contemporary Czech using the Morfio tool that identifies relevant word pairs for further analysis. The identified pairs were divided into three categories: a) nouns with the same etymological origin and meaning, b) nouns with the same etymological origin but different meaning, and c) nouns with inconclusive competition of genitive endings. A systemised list of pairs, along with the proportional and absolute frequency given, is a source of information on the use of appropriate endings, with respect to frequency. The information is crucial for students of Czech as a foreign language in order to choose an appropriate variant with the ending that is closest to the current usage. Based on the analysed material, we proposed three model corpus exercises: two direct exercises for determining a more frequent variant, and one indirect exercise — taking into account semantic differences in the usage of particular endings.
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