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1

IACS SYSTEM AS THE CONDITION OF DIRECT PAYMENTS' IMPLEMENTATION IN THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN POLAND

100%
Spychalski G.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2004
|
issue 2(123)
265-276
EN
The paper in an attempt at analysing the hitherto experiences in IACS system implementation in Poland. The Integrated Administration and Control System is the measure of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) funds distribution in the field of direct payments. It is divided into two parts: informatics one and the technical and organisational one and it is operated by the Agency of Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture in Poland. There are some barriers to its functioning, but there seems to be enough time (2004-2006) of initial functioning of the system to overcome the problems. The author proposes some solutions facilitating the system's implementation and making its operation more efficient. In this context the paper describes the role of direct payments in CAP instruments and emphasises the evolution of EU measures in the area.
2
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GENERALNE UREGULOWANIA DETERMINUJĄCE DOSTĘPNOŚĆ POMOCY W RAMACH SYSTEMU WSPARCIA BEZPOŚREDNIEGO

100%
Sadłowski A.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
|
2017
|
issue 4(90)
7-17
EN
The article analyses the general conditions which farmers need to be meet to receive direct payments. It also presents the range of decisions made by the EU member-states as well as national decisions concerning implementation of the system, featuring Poland.Legal regulations concerning the direct support system and information notes of the European Commission were used as the source material. The empirical research was based on data provided by the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture. The study showed that the changes in general regulations, which were introduced in 2015, had minimal influence on the total number of farmers receiving direct support in Poland.
3
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Środowiskowe i ekonomiczne skutki wprowadzenia „zielonego komponentu” do systemu dopłat bezpośrednich po 2013 roku

80%
Sadowski A.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
|
2013
|
issue 3(73)
20-29
EN
The paper presents the reform principles of the direct payments for the period 2014-2020. Against the background of the analysis of the direct payments’ evolution, it was found that its assumptions are broadly consistent with previous trends which assume the link of support with the fulfillment of standards for environmental protection. It was noted, however, that specific solutions in many places are contrary to care for the environment and, above all, can contribute to a reduce the production potential of European agriculture. In relation to microeconomic analysis, it was found that the assumptions of the proposed reforms may contribute to a reduction in agricultural income, at the same time more of their dependence on agricultural policy instruments. Despite this, it was concluded that for most of the analyzed groups will reasonable in economic terms to receive payments and adherence to the principles of the green component.
4
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Posiadanie gruntów rolnych jako warunek nabycia prawa do płatności bezpośrednich

80%
Bieluk J., Łobos–Kotowska D.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
|
2010
|
vol. 8
137-149
EN
The article contains an analysis of premises of acquiring uniform direct payments, with special emphasis on the regulations concerning the demand for possessing agricultural lands (covered by the motion for the admission of payment). The aim of the authors’ deliberations is to determine what meanings the notion „possession” is used in the regulations. The legislator of these regulations does not define the term „possession”, referring instead to the definition contained in the civil code. Yet, to satisfy the demand for possessing agricultural lands, additional premises are to be fulfilled. Legal regulations concerning payments introduce a kind of a qualified possession consisting in actual agricultural usage of lands. The article points to some terminological problems on the private–public law border, reflected in judicial decisions. Legal character of payments indicates that direct payments belong to a public–legal sphere, whereas the legislator uses private law notions to define premises of acquiring the right to them.
5

Dostepnosc informacji oraz czynniki utrudniajace ubieganie się o doplaty bezposrednie

80%
Czubak W., Sadowski A.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2011
|
issue 3(152)
138-155
EN
The paper presents the results of research carried out with the help of questionnaires and concerning difficulties in applying for direct payments and access to information about this form of assistance. The research covered a group of farms that receive direct payments and also use EU investment support. The conducted analyzes have proved that the process of applying for direct payments is being assessed by the majority of farmers as relatively simple and that access to the necessary information is considered to be relatively easy. It has been established that differences in the respondents' opinions can be attributed chiefly to disparities in both the level of education and the production potentials. Activities connected with the process of applying for direct payments have been assessed as minimally troublesome by farmers having higher education and operating relatively large farms characterized by a high value of sales. The same group of respondents also expressed the most favorable opinions about the availability of information on the individual aspects of the functioning of the system of direct assistance.
6
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Zazielenienie jako nowy element płatności bezpośrednich

80%
Żok K.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
|
2014
|
issue 4(78)
7-19
EN
The study is an attempt to discuss the requirements to be met by agricultural farms in Poland as a result of the obligation of greening. Changes in the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union implemented in recent years and their pace are becoming more and more important. The new system of direct payments for 2015–2020 sets a number of new obligations for the farmers that they must take into account while planning the structure of production, in order not to expose themselves to the loss of payments received.
7
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Dopłaty bezpośrednie a zmiany w gospodarstwach rolnych na przykładzie wybranych powiatów województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego

80%
Kisiel R., Marks-Bielska R., Kowalska A.
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
|
2011
|
issue 4(22)
101-114
EN
The paper represents an attempt at assessment of the direct subsidies influence on changes at farms. The questionnaire-based surveys covered 118 farmers from Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodship (the districts of Bartoszyce, Ełk and Mrągowo). The financial aid in the form of direct subsidies improved the financial standing of farms. The majority of the respondents declared that direct subsidies contributed to a slight improvement of the financial standing (48%). Some farmers surveyed (36%) have not noticed any change concerning improvement of their financial standing while the smallest percentage of the respondents declared that as a consequence of receiving direct subsidies their financial standing improved significantly (16%); the highest share of respondents indicating that was recorded in Bartoszyce district representing 25% of the respondents from that district. In small size farms the direct subsidies were allocated mainly to financing the current expenditures. In case of farms up to 5 ha that was over 80%. In case of verification of the allocation of the direct subsidies for development of the farm, purchase of land or means of production the following correlation was visible: the larger the area of the farm the larger the allocation of direct subsidies to investments.
8

Wpływ proponowanej reformy systemu dopłat bezposrednich po 2013 roku na sytuację polskiego rolnictwa

80%
Czubak W., Poczta W., Sadowski A.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2011
|
issue 4(153)
61-82
EN
The article presents the results of research launched to define the effects that some of the essential changes in the system of direct payments, proposed by the European Commission, may have for the economic situation of the agricultural sector and for individual groups of farms after 2013. The conducted research has made it possible to establish that the necessity to exclude part of the farmland from cultivation and to destine it for ecological purposes will be that element of the planned changes that is going to produce the most serious effects. The influence of this instrument will be relatively weak in relation to the agricultural sector as a whole but it may contribute to a fall in incomes predicted in accordance with a simulation of their level for 2013, especially in the case of intensive and economically largest farms. The duty to exclude a part of the land from production to be imposed on all farms larger than 3 ha will also contribute to a reduction in the production potential and to the upsetting of spatial order, without producing any major pro-environmental effect. Another of the analyzed elements of reform – capping, which consists in the limitation of payments to the largest farms, will not, however, cause – with the exception of a few very large farms, any serious worsening in the economic situation of these entities owing to the possibility of deducting the cost of labor.
9
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Problemy obiektywizacji kryteriow dystrybucji doplat bezposrednich w UE

80%
Kagan A., Kulawik J., Plonka R., Wieliczko B.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
|
2013
|
issue 2(335)
3-21
EN
On the basis of the existing knowledge and statistics from Eurostat and FADN the article confirms the thesis that the diversity of farming conditions in the EU is an objective fact, and thus unequal rates of direct payments are the consequence thereof. This allows to consider such a system as a fair one, which does not undermine equal competition in the Community’s agriculture. Moreover, the paper presents different proposals of awarding direct payments based on objective criteria stressing, at the same time, that it is a very difficult task since at some point the criteria have to be weighted considering social and political terms. It was also considered to determine the rates of direct payments per a person fully employed in agriculture instead of per 1 ha. However, such a change would not improve the income situation of countries, where employment in agriculture is high in absolute and relative terms. This group includes e.g. Poland.
10

INTEREST IN EU ASSISTANCE FOR RURAL AREAS - REGIONAL STRUCTURE

80%
Zadura-Lichota P.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2005
|
issue 4(129)
77-85
EN
The article presents an analysis of the Polish rural community's interest in assistance available from the European Union since the day of Poland's accession to EU structures. The analysis starts from an illustration of the first year of the direct payments campaign and the campaign's second edition in 2005. This part of the analysis dealing with the most popular assistance instrument is accompanied by a description of selected ventures available to the rural community that are implemented within the Plan for the Development of Rural Areas and the Sector Operation Programme 'Restructuring and Modernisation of the Food Sector and Development of Rural Areas'. Interest in EU assistance displayed in individual regions differs both in terms of the number of applicants and type of the offered support. The greater than average interest in EU assistance on the part of Polish farmers has a largely rational basis. Farmers know their needs and the programmes that can be helpful to them. The latest data indicate that Polish farmers want to fully utilize the chances offered to them.
11

CHANGES IN THE MECHANISM OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND THE POLISH EXPECTATIONS (Zmiany mechanizmów wspólnej polityki rolnej UE a oczekiwania Polski)

80%
Czyzewski A., Stepien S.
Ekonomista
|
2009
|
issue 4
431-454
EN
The main aim of this paper is to present the concepts of the EU agricultural basic support mechanisms directions' changes accepted within 'Health Check' review and their evaluation in view of the EU agricultural markets stabilisation. The focus is on those aspects of medium-term review which in the authors' view are crucial to further EU agricultural development. It is concluded that the EU farming because of its specific character should still be supported and should not be fully subjected to market rules, while preserving its common character. The support reorientation from one market to single payments is assessed positively as a more efficient method of stabilising farm incomes. A step in the right direction is the strengthening the financing of rural areas via the modulation system, because the II Pillar plays an important modernisation and pro-development role and meets social expectations. In view of new challenges it is necessary to implement efficient methods of risk management, such as: the new insurance against natural disasters and animals' diseases insurance.
12

Platnosci bezposrednie a konkurencyjnosc gospodarstw rolnych na wspolnym rynku

61%
Sadłowski A.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2012
|
issue 2(155)
82-96
EN
The article briefly presents the genesis and evolution of direct payments as an instrument of Common Agricultural Policy, and the impact of reforms of direct support on the agricultural sector's flexibility in responding to changes in the size and structure of demand for agricultural products. Subsequently, the systems and models of direct payments used in the European Union have been reviewed and the direct support has been analyzed in order to identify those elements of the instrument, which differentiate the conditions for competition in the common market. It is argued that unification of direct support schemes would enable favourable (from the point of view of effective use of production factors) adjustments in the spatial distribution of agricultural productions within the European Union.
13

POTENCIÁLNÍ DISTRIBUČNÍ EFEKTY REFORMY SPOLEČNÉ ZEMĚDĚLSKÉ POLITIKY A VYVOLANÁ STRUKTURÁLNÍ ZMĚNA

61%
Křístková Z., Ratinger T.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2014
|
vol. 62
|
issue 5
473 – 494
EN
There is a large debate concerning the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union in which the direct payments represent the most discussed issue. This paper focuses on the problem of inequality of direct payments distribution that exists between large farms and small farms in the Czech Republic. The paper analyses the impact of proposed progressive capping scenario on the viability of large farms and assesses the effectiveness in reaching the reduction of inequality pursued by this measure. With the use of a CGE model, it is shown that there could be expected significant structural changes that will be accompanied by a decline in number of large farms in favour of smaller groups of farms. This result suggests that large farms in the Czech Republic do not seem to benefit from the economies of scale and they are equally dependent on subsidies as other farms. With respect to the distributional changes, the paper demonstrates that the progressive capping could moderately reduce the inequality in direct payment distribution but it can create another inequality if it comes to the distribution of direct payments per employee.
14

WPR po 2013 roku – ocena i propozycje modyfikacji

61%
Zagorski M.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2012
|
issue 1(154)
45-64
EN
In October 2011 the European Commission presented a legislative package, which, after possible adoption by the European Parliament and the Council, will implement the new rules of the Common Agricultural Policy, beginning from January 1, 2014. In its assumptions the legislative package was meant to be an answer to the main objectives and challenges facing the CAP. According to the European Commission, its proposals also constitute a significant step towards the simplification, greater flexibility and efficiency of the CAP. This study attempts to estimate the EC proposals relating to the reform of the CAP after 2013 and its effects for Polish and European agriculture. Many new solutions such as: a "new" basic payment system, greening as an obligatory element of direct payments or a simplified small farmers assistance scheme, are accompanied by the practically unchanged method of distribution of funds among the member-states, which preserves glaring disparities in the average rates of direct payments. Therefore, the further part of the study indicates the possibilities of modification of the EC proposal towards a more equitable CAP.
15
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Płatności obszarowe jako instrument polityki ochrony środowiska

61%
Sadłowski A.
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
|
2011
|
issue 4(22)
145-151
EN
Agriculture is the area of human activity that is accompanied by the formation of positive and negative external environmental effects. In order to motivate farmers to conduct production activities in a way that reduces the negative impact of these activities on the environment, the so-called principle of cross compliance has been incorporated into the direct support system. This study characterises the area payments as an instrument of the environmental policy and is a review of the European Commission’s different proposals for the reform of direct payments through the prism of environmental functions of this instrument.
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