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EN
The matter of the article are „rewritten” stores of life of Jesus Christ. Author synthetically characterizes creation of such texts in the film production( mentions so-called biblical films and creating of the “adaptations” of the New Testament at the beginning of the cinema), she mentions also other contemporary film messages and literary texts dealing with that issue. Main topic concerning the author is an analysis of two novels: “Miss Ferbelin” by Stefan Chwin (2011) and “Gospel according to Jesus Christ” by Jose Saramago (2011).
EN
There is no doubt that teaching in the Catholic Church of the existence of personal evil, Satan is important and necessary. Monthly magazine „Egzorcysta” gathered a group of people competent and having practical experience in this field. There are number of interviews and regular headings which help to understand how the Devil acts in the human life. However, not enough space is dedicated to touch upon the psychological aspect of the whole reality of Satan`s activity including spiritual enslavement and possession. In addition, this magazine lacks a wide range of interpretations of the texts from the Bible and the teaching of the Fathers of the Church. Even though monthly magazine „Egzorcysta” is an interesting form of catechesis in the given matter, it has also certain shortcomings and mistakes.
EN
Satan’s interference in the events described in the first chapters of the book of Genesis and in the life of the protoplasts is not mentioned at all in the biblical text. This happens, however, in pseudo-canonical texts. The article is a short survey on the apocryphal accounts that mention Satan and their influence on art. The main focus is put on the inclusion of the image of Satan behind Cain’s figure in a number of depictions of the scene The Murder of Abel in the Russian art of the 16th and 17th centuries. The possible links between this visual motif with several literary sources is examined, among them the Short and the Explanatory Palaea, the Tale of Bygone Years (Povest’ vremennykh let or Primary Chronicle), Russian recensions of the apocryphon The Sea of Tiberias, and of The Revelation of Pseudo-Methodius of Patara. In addition, some instances of the same visual decision in Balkan art are pointed out and their connection to Russian models is underlined.
EN
In Christian wall-paintings in Nubia a recurring theme is the struggle between Good and Evil. In this article an overview is given of the various ways in which Evil is depicted or personified, ranging from animals to humans and the hybrid ways in which Satan and his helpers are represented. These different ways have been inspired by sources from a canonical biblical, apocryphal and mythological character.
EN
The article reflects upon the scene of the Descent into Hell from Historyja o chwalebnym Zmartwychwstaniu Pańskim, in the theological context. The reading of the Easter mystery play from the perspective of the Church fathers and Medieval writers is explained by the author himself, Mikołaj from Wilkowiecko (16th century). The conflict between God and Satan, the climax of the mystery play, is presented from three angles: as a dialogue of the omniscience and ignorance, a battle of the omnipotence and impotence and a dispute between law and chaos.
EN
Gregory of Tours’ Histories is one of the most important sources for the period of transition between antiquity and middle ages. It focuses on Gallic society. The main characters are kings of the Merovingian dynasty, landlords and bishops. Other than talking about its secular protagonists, Gregory pays some attention to spiritual beings. He is convinced about God's providence and Christ's role in the redemption of mankind. The bishop of Tours also supplies some information about evil beings: the Devil and demons. Gregory uses many names to describe the demonic reality, such as the Devil, Satan, Prince of Darkness, demon or demons. Even though he does not go into much detail about them, he gives an impression that he is aware of some internal hierarchy governing demonical beings. Gregory says a lot about actions taken by the Devil in the people of Gaul. He describes demonic possessions, acts of violence conducted under the inspiration of evil spirit as well as disorder caused by him in the community of Poitiers. Although the Evil One is strong and makes a lot of noise, it is still subordinated to Lord. Gregory shares with us his firm belief that the story of the world lies in the hands of God.
PL
W „Historiach” Grzegorza z Tours diabeł i inne byty demoniczne pojawiają się pod różnymi nazwami. W historycznym dziele biskupa opisane zostało wiele sposobów oddziaływania złych duchów zarówno na jednostki, jak społeczności (przypadek wspólnoty klasztornej w Poitiers). W inspiracji diabelskiej Grzegorz widział przyczynę prześladowania chrześcijan, występowania herezji, magii, wróżbiarstwa. Kilkukrotnie w dziele uczonego biskupa pojawił się motyw kobiety będącej narzędziem diabła. Zły duch według pasterza z Tours był inspiratorem grzechów, zarówno pierworodnego, jak i innych (pijaństwo, rozboje). Grzegorz szczególnie podkreślał  „pomoc” diabła w dokonaniu samobójstwa.  Jednak działania diabła, nawet te najbardziej spektakularne, nie przesłaniały biskupowi Tours wszechmocy Bożej. W kilkukrotnie powtarzanym na kartach dzieła wyznaniu wiary Grzegorz dawał wyraz swemu przekonaniu o historycznym zwycięstwie Chrystusa nad diabłem i jego aktualizacji w cudach dokonywanych przez świętych mężów.    
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