Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 6

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  Dioscorides
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote

Wino i zdrowie w medycznym traktacie Dioskoridesa

100%
Horoszko E.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
|
2014
|
vol. 23
|
issue 2(45)
159-166
EN
Botanical-medical work by Dioscorides, whose Latin version titled De materia medica was known in Medieval Europe, belonged to the canon of knowledge about nature for several centuries. It was translated into many languages (inter alia, Syrian, Arabic, Turkish, French, German, English). The subject of study presented in this article is a treaty on wine, which is a fragment of the 5th Book of this work in the English translation: The Greek Herbal of Dioscorides. Englished by John Goodyer A. D. 1655. The analysis of this text shows Discorides’ views about properties of the influence on human organism of different preserves made from various parts of grapevine. Many of those views have been proven by today’s science; others can cause justified reservations, e.g. wine with added sea onion recommended by Dioscorides for digestive tract ailments.
2
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Kidney Diseases in the Treatise "Dynameron" of Aelius Promotus (2nd Century AD). A Comparison with Dioscorides and Nikolaos Myrepsos

88%
Marselos M., Valiakos E.
Studia Ceranea
|
2022
|
vol. 13
565-586
EN
Dynameron is a medical treatise from the 2nd century AD, written in Greek by an Alexandrian physician named Aelius Promotus. A copy made in Sicily during the 16th century is kept in the Marciana Library of Venice (Codex gr. Ζ. 295). In 130 chapters, Dynameron contains 870 recipes for the treatment of various diseases. Regarding the kidneys, Aelius describes 32 recipes with herbal (59), animal (6) and mineral (1) ingredients, with diuretic, spasmolytic, analgesic, or antiseptic properties, suitable for treating nephrolithiasis, strangury, dysuria and renal inflammations. Several diuretics of Aelius Promotus are similar to those found in De Materia Medica of Dioscorides (1st century AD). On the other hand, all of them are also included in the treatise Dynameron of Nikolaos Myrepsos, written in the 13th century AD. When the recipes are evaluated as a whole, it is evident that Aelius Promotus was a competent practising physician in a city with a glorious tradition in medicine and sciences.
3
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

The Chickpea (ἐρέβινϑος; Cicer arietinum L) as a Medicinal Foodstuff and Medicine in Selected Greek Medical Writings

63%
Kokoszko M., Jagusiak K., Dybała J.
Studia Ceranea
|
2017
|
vol. 7
99-120
EN
Leguminous plants were a crucially important element in the Mediterranean diet, and, as such, these plants were second only to cereals. It is also important to note that according to medical writings preserved from antiquity and the early Byzantine period they were considered to be an accessible source of substances which could be applied in therapeutics. One of the most commonly mentioned legumes was the chickpea. The source material demonstrates that the medicinal properties of the chickpea and its therapeutic use were discussed by Greek physicians as early as in the fourth century BC. It seems that the plant was a readily accessible medicament and thus used in therapy also by those who could not afford costly medicines. The authors argue, however, that the medical theory concerning its role in therapeutics evolved into a fully developed form only in the first century AD (thanks to Dioscorides) and was not modified by Galen. The doctrine of these two physicians became part of the medical encyclopaedias of the early Byzantine period. The presented material also illustrates the fact that a significant number of medicinal Recipes which involved using the chickpea were formulated between the second century BC and the second century AD. Byzantine physicians avidly used these formulas in their practice, but failed to develop them in a significantly innovative way. The surviving medical writings make it possible to conclude that the chickpea was believed to be a highly effective medicine and as such worthy of cultivation, which only testifies to the general popularity of the plant. Medical writings may serve as a proof that the chickpea remained a key element in the Mediterranean diet throughout the period from the fourth century BC to the seventh century AD. The analysed material demonstrates the use of the same basic varieties of the erebinthos throughout the period, even though some local variants were also identified. The consistency of the data also suggests that the scale and methods of cultivation of this plant remained unchanged. The culinary uses of the chickpea must also have been the same throughout the period, given that the writers discussed similar uses of the plant as a foodstuff.
4
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Wine and Myrrh as Medicaments or a Commentary on Some Aspects of Ancient and Byzantine Mediterranean Society

51%
Rzeźnicka Z., Kokoszko M.
Studia Ceranea
|
2019
|
vol. 9
615-655
EN
The present study has resulted from a close reading of prescriptions for therapeutic wines inserted in book V of De materia medica by Pedanius Dioscorides, the eminent expert in materia medica of the 1st century A.D. The authors emphasise the role of wine varieties and selected flavourings (and especially of myrrh) in order to determine the social status of those to whom the formulas were addressed. This perspective gives the researchers ample opportunity for elaborating not only on the significance of wine in medical procedures but also for underscoring the importance of a number of aromatics in pharmacopoeia of antiquity and Byzantium. The analysis of seven selected formulas turns out to provide a fairly in-depth insight into Mediterranean society over a prolonged period of time, and leads the authors to draw the following conclusions. First, they suggest that medical doctors were social-inequality-conscious and that Dioscorides and his followers felt the obligation to treat both the poor and the rich. Second, they prove physicians’ expertise in materia medica, exemplifying how they were capable of adjusting market value of components used in their prescriptions to financial capacities of the patients. Third, the researchers circumstantiate the place of medical knowledge in ancient, and later on in Byzantine society. Last but not least, they demonstrate that medical treatises are an important source of knowledge, and therefore should be more often made use of by historians dealing with economic and social history of antiquity and Byzantium.
5

Poglądy na temat leczniczych właściwości antymonitu w przeszłości, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem okresu alchemicznego

38%
Bela Z.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
|
2017
|
vol. 62
|
issue 1
7–27
EN
The main purpose of this review of opinions on the therapeutic properties of stibnite is to demonstrate that the 16th and 17th-century experiments of alchemists with stibnite and its compounds, although they did not “rejuvenate an old man” (Paracelsus), nor did they “eliminate all poisons from the human body” (Basilius Valentinus), were nevertheless appreciated by official medicine not only in the abovementioned period but still in the 20th century.
6
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Wino, ciemierzyca i mirra albo o lekarzach i ich pacjentach. Analiza fragmentu V księgi „De materia medica” Dioskurydesa

38%
Kokoszko M., Rzeźnicka Z.
Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
|
2019
|
vol. 18
|
issue 2
5-37
EN
The present article is based on an analysis of a passage included in book V of De materia medica by Pedanius Dioscorides, the leading authority on materia medica of the 1st c. AD. The authors, focusing on the extract devoted to therapeutic wines flavoured with hellebore, emphasise the role of selected flavouring substances in order to elaborate on the financial status of addressees of the prescriptions. This perspective allows the researchers to present not only the significance of wine in contemporary medicine but also underscore the importance of myrrh, which was a high-priced resin imported from Arabia Felix, and was highly valued owing to its exceptional flavour as well as pharmacological actions. The comparison of six selected recipes turns out to have given a valuable insight into Mediterranean society. Firstly, it shows that Dioscorides felt the obligation to treat both the poor and the rich. Secondly, it demonstrates his medical competences, proving that he was able to adjust market value of components used in his prescriptions to financial capacities of his patients. Next, it circumstantiates the commonness and popularity of medial knowledge in ancient society. Finally, it proves that medical treatises are an important source of knowledge for historians dealing with economic and social history of antiquity.
PL
Artykuł stanowi analizę fragmentu piątej księgi traktatu De materia medica spisanego w I w. n.e. przez Dioskurydesa, wybitnego znawcę substancji leczniczych. Autorzy omawiają w nim passus z rozdziału poświęconego winom o działaniu terapeutycznym z dodatkiem ciemierzycy przez pryzmat ingrediencji wykorzystywanych do aromatyzowania poszczególnych trunków. Zwracają uwagę, że dobór tych ostatnich uzależniony był nie tylko od właściwości leczniczych, lecz także od sytuacji materialnej pacjenta. Informacje te stają się punktem wyjścia do rozważań na temat roli wina w antycznej praktyce medycznej. Autorzy zauważają, że mogło być ono wzbogacane powszechnie dostępnymi dodatkami lub ingrediencjami importowanymi z odległych krain. Wśród tych ostatnich szczególną uwagę poświęcają mirrze. Dodatek tej egzotycznej i kosztownej żywicy sprawiał bowiem, że wspomniany napitek cieszył się w antyku szczególnym uznaniem zarówno ze względu na wyjątkowe walory smakowe, jak i działanie farmakologiczne. Poprzez zestawienie receptur Autorzy zwracają uwagę na kilka kwestii dotyczących społeczeństwa obszaru basenu Morza Śródziemnego w epoce antyku. Po pierwsze, ukazują przekrój społeczny pacjentów Dioskurydesa. Po drugie, obrazują kompetencje lekarza jako osoby umiejętnie dostosowującej poszczególne medykamenty do możliwości finansowych chorych. Po trzecie, uzasadniają powszechność i popularność zagadnień związanych z medycyną w ówczesnym społeczeństwie. W końcu udowadniają, że traktaty medyczne mogą stanowić cenne źródło w badaniach nad historią gospodarczą i społeczną starożytności.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.