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Badania archeologiczne a odbudowa Zamku Królewskiego i jego otoczenia

100%

Świechowska A.

Ochrona Zabytków

1987

issue 1-2

37-49

The plan for the reconstruction of the Royal Castle and its surroundings, which was first put into life in 1971, took into consideration results of archaeological and architectonic findings of the earlier excavation work. At the same time further studies were carried out^ along with the commencement of constructional work, uncovering — on some occasions — elements not included in the plan. This made it necessary to undertake immediate decisions on the future of the structures. As rule, substantial criteria were employed; still the prevailing requirement arose from the concept of the plan of the construction as well as from economic considerations. Two medieval structures were preserved, completed and put out for use. They were: cellars of the building of the District Court of Justice (14th/15th cent.) at the west wing of the castle (photo 1) and the Bridge in front of the Cracow Gate (2nd half of the 15th cent.) in the Castle Square (Plac Zamkowy) (photo 9). The following elements were preserved under the ground: escarp of the Big House (1st half of the 15th cent., photo 2), foundations of pilaster-strips (2nd half of the 18th cent.) which had supported already non-existing balcony of the 1st floor of the Middle Projection (photo 4) and one of finely built waste-water wells. Because of the impossiblity of complying with the construction plans the following parts got destroyed: the foundation in front of the west elevation of the Big House, bespeaking of the intention to reconstruct the House in 1778 by Dominik Merlini (photo 7), extensive parts of the revetment (2nd quarter of the 18th cent.) on the East Terrace (photo 8) and all relicts of the structures on the Castle Square, uncovered at the time of its lowering in 1977 (photo 10). Because of the extent of adaptation costs it was impossible to preserve two 17th- century cellars in the building at 2, Podwale street (in the west part of the earlier mentioned Bridge) and three 18th- century cellars at 4, Podwale street (photos 11, 12, 13).

Badania architektoniczne jako materiał do projektu odbudowy Zamku Królewskiego

84%

Kąsinowski A.

Ochrona Zabytków

1987

issue 1-2

27-36

Architectonic studies on castle cellars were carried out from 1949 to 1971. That period can be divided into 3 stages: 1949—1952 — "Research Work on Warsaw Castle” , 1960— 1962 — architectonic studies made by the Ateliers for the Conservation of Cultural Property and 1971 — research archaeologic and architectonic work. At present, several years after the completion of the studies and of the reconstruction of the castle, it is possible to draw the main conclusions. First and foremost, one should mention the elaboration of the method fo r fie ld architectonic studies. The preserved ce lla r waljs of the castle, dating from several different ages, provided an excellent research field. A t the same time a jo in t cooperation of archeologists and architects was in itia te d during the work in the castle. A frequent resumption of the same subject over the span of more than twenty years — along with the stabilization of the method — mode it possible to rectify some of working theses and also to single out the problems to be solved. One of them was the discovery and location of the o ldest bricked building of the Castle of the Mazovian Princes. The building was erected when town’s bricked fo rtifications and the Castle got join e d in the second half of the 14th century. Once the Castle was put up the moat became unnecessary. The moat performed its role when there existed a prince's stronghold where a bricked tower fo r living in was b u ilt up in the 1st half of the 14th century, the so-called Grodzka Tower. The next achievement was the complexity of the studies, in which historians, archaeologists and architects participated. Until the early f if ties such studies were carried out only by archaeologists and historians. The site of the castle provided a good ground fo r the fo rmation of a new model of cooperation that should become obligatory universally in architectural studies: the historian examines source materials, socio-economic relations and the economic background; the archaeologist investigates and interprets the material history of the site and inaccessible and unknown elements th a t are found underground. The architect studies the material substance of the structure found both underground and overground and he determines a fu ll chronology of individual architectural details. The art historian examines the decor of the structure, fo/rn and substance. A fu ll exchange of information and a common interpretation of the phenomena both in the field and "c a b in e t" examinations make it possible to learn architecture and its history an a given site.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Kąsinowski A.

1 Świechowska A.

2 1987

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Badania archeologiczne a odbudowa Zamku Królewskiego i jego otoczenia

Badania architektoniczne jako materiał do projektu odbudowy Zamku Królewskiego