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EN
The meaning of the e-commerce all over the world has been growing year by year. The same trends have also been noticed in Poland, where e-commerce has build stronger and stronger position among the society. The reason of starting the discussion on the topic of the e-commerce has been divided into two parts: dynamic growth of the e-commerce on one side and on the other, generally weaker position of the customer. The purpose of this article is to show what are the possibilities of protecting the customer within the e-commerce mechanisms, seeing form the CSR perspectives. First part is dedicated to the presentation of the e-commerce and its main attributes. Part two, however, presents what are the risks for the customer as the result of e-commerce growth. More space has been given to present the ways of customers’ protection considered and influenced by the CSR concept.
EN
Intelligent agents - a large family of computer applications - allow to automatize a certain amount of tasks carried out starting from an easy macro in Excel or Word and as far as complex systems of artificial intelligence capable of learning while being used, detecting problems and formulating appropriate solutions for them. Electronic agents are software performing specific tasks and possessing necessary knowledge to perform them, they can also cooperate with their surroundings as well as communicating with other agents. From the moment internet spread on a world scale virtual assistants penetrate into everyday life, they play a more and more important role in e-commerce applications. They find a lot of significant usages in business, managing and processing information, managing business processes and participating in e-commerce. They give the user information through informal conversation and act as helpdesk accessible at every time of day or night, they answer recurring questions without fatigue, learning while performing the task - the more they are used the more effective they become. A product based on artificial intelligence best fits in a style of work such as this.
EN
Research was conducted in February-June 2007 to map out the business relations and contracting practices of large retail chains and their suppliers. The Hungarian Competition Authority (GVH) was assigned to explore how far supplier firms were aware of the commercial legislation enacted in 2006 and to what extent everyday business practice was complying with its goals. The first step was to perform a qualitative review through 16 semi-structured interviews with representatives of supplier firms. Based on this a questionnaire was prepared and survey data gathered at 392 firms through personal visits. The research showed that the chains use their buyer power more against suppliers with a stronger market position, which are often in foreign ownership. The demands and expectations of large chains figure as an important factor in implementation of changes and enhancements that affect manufacturers/producers.
EN
The article describes the features of the marketing distributive policy in Internet for domestic enterprises, highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of the use of Internet technologies in distributive policy, formulated conditions when selecting channels with the participation of intermediaries and direct marketing. So, the authors divided the features of distributive policy in Internet into three groups and made their analysis: 1) the sale of goods via the Internet; 2) the payment through the Internet; 3) the sale of goods through Internet intermediaries. The main advantages of the marketing distributive policy in Internet highlighted: reduction of institutional expenditures on office rent, staff salaries, payment for the transportation of goods; expanding the number of potential buyers (communication with consumers, despite the geographical location, time zone); reduction of time for the transfer of funds; opportunity of the completion or other modification of the product, and others. Among the disadvantages there are distrust of Ukrainians to payment systems services; unscrupulous intermediaries; significant costs to maintain a virtual store's website; imperfect legislation Internet commerce in general and others.
EN
The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the main methods of promotion and marketing on the Internet based on international experience, the recommendations of their effective use. This work analyzes the specifics of goods and services which are sold and that it is advisable to sell the Internet, and especially the development of e-commerce both in Ukraine and abroad. There were depicted the advantages of creating online stores, their shortcomings and their disadvantages and ways of elimination of the functioning of the existing problems. There were disclosed features of use Internet commerce in the markets B2C and B2B, including on international markets. This paper systematized perspectives and problems of e-commerce in Ukraine, developed recommendations to address identified problems. It shows the usefulness of e-commerce in large enterprises to improve the efficiency of their operation, which promote of industrial goods.
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Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2012
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vol. 1
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issue 3
187-197
EN
Article determines premisses of the internationalization process which arise from the models of internationalization, as well as technological, economical and market-based background for the e commerce companies. The main aim of the paper is to describe the above mentioned premises after critical analysis of specified literature. Results of quoted research provided knowledge about the influence of network relationships, value creation, scale and scope effect, niche strategy and technological changes in the e commerce companies and their internationalization process
EN
The purpose of the paper is to present the idea of integrated management information systems as the main source of information for enterprises, and to discuss business intelligence systems as an important complementary tool to IMIS. The authors attempt to investigate the major applications of business intelligence systems in enterprises, with particular regard to: marketing management, financial management, sales and distribution, personnel management, controlling, warehouse and transport logistics. The paper also discusses the ways in which business intelligence systems are used in e-commerce.
EN
The research was conducted to investigate the determinants of consumers' attitudes toward using new technology during the buying process (e-commerce). Two hundreds seventy four subjects participated in this study. The age of participants ranged from 19 to 55. 139 participants used the Internet for shopping, 135 participants were Internet users but had never done online shopping. The results are compatible to a large degree with studies that have been carried out in developed countries. The online shoppers are more impulsive in making decisions (during shopping), more variety oriented, and more risk tolerant than Internet users who do not shop online. Additionally, online purchasers accept new products faster than do traditional consumers. The relevant predictors of online shopping behavior are also: the attitude toward the process of shopping, attitude toward computers and an experiential orientation (people who are experientially-oriented like seeing, touching and trying products before buying). The general model of psychological determinants was tested by path analysis. The path analysis showed that the Theory of Planned Behavior by Ajzen and Fishbein can be a very useful tool in predicting online shopping behavior.
Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2012
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vol. 2
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issue 1
127-138
EN
The present stage of development of the world was finally called globalization. Name this gained through the networked economy - the economy without any boundaries. The evolution of this form of economy followed with remarkable rapidity, causing unexpected changes both in economics and social life. But in it as in any other economy base is the human factor. With this assumption arisen researches on the usability of e-commerce Web sites. Article raises the issue of significance of building a confidence in a specific environment, which is the electronic economy, which by its nature is characterized by high variability, causes that the human factor feeling of uncertainty and danger. Companies that manage to move their users on the scale as far as possible toward the trust will become competitive in e-commerce environment. This paper proposes ways to achieve this effect through the use of usability in the area of technology and security, as important aspects for each e-commerce sites. Companies with specific awareness of the networked economy, on issues of trust and facing increasing restrictions on the scope to compete on the basis of the offered products / services and prices, are facing the need to seek new solutions. The purpose of this article is to recognize and output to meet the need.
EN
This paper deals with the issue of financial strategy formulation and available models of financial strategy with a focus on e-commerce. The paper aims at using the financial strategy model to assess current financial strategy for enterprises primarily oriented towards electronic commerce and to propose the optimum financial strategy for this area of business. The research used selected methods of financial analysis (liquidity, profitability, indebtedness, activity) to evaluate current financial standing of a selected sample of enterprises. The results of the financial analysis were used for building of a model of financial strategy in Vensim program. The model, based on selected financial indicators, identifies current financial strategies of enterprises and designs the optimum financial strategy using the principle of dynamics and proposes its development for long-term progress of the enterprise. The financial strategy model is also applicable to e-commerce.
EN
There is a definite lack of financial resources in China for small and medium enterprises (SME) and they face continues problem of availability of financial services. Therefore paper underlines importance of Internet finance development in China to address the problem of SME financing, promoting the transparency and safety of informal financing. Taking deposits and issuing loans is now not confined only to banks in China. Internet giants such as “Alibaba”, “Baidu”, “Tencent” are the new players in the financial market of the country. Internet finance highly reduces transaction costs and improves resource allocation efficiency. Compared with indirect financing Internet finance have several specific features, including the use of social networks to generate and spread information, the use of search engines to structure and sequence information and the use of cloud computation to ensure rapid processing capabilities for mass information. Web Banking is an attempt to create a new mechanism for lending and among functions of the new financial institution are service deposits, issue of bonds, loans, design calculations, currency exchange, and issuance of bank cards.
EN
The main aim of the paper is to identify the determinants of strategic development in e-commerce and evaluate their importance on the whole process of strategic management. A research evaluating the importance of determinants is carried out using the online questionnaire survey with enterprises in e-commerce. The paper focuses on research sample consisting 188 SMEs and 21 large enterprises in e-commerce. Selected methods of statistical induction and descriptive statistics were used for verification of the research hypotheses. The research has shown that e-commerce enterprises primarily attribute a varying importance to individual determinants in the process of strategic management. The results show enterprises primarily underestimate the following determinants of strategic development in e-commerce: mission and vision, strategic situational analysis, strategic control, corporate culture, personnel management and strategy, financial management and strategy, ability to work with legislation. E-commerce enterprises do not apply a comprehensive approach in the process of strategic management in the Czech environment in e-commerce.
EN
This paper focuses on evaluating the importance of strategic management in the long-term development of SMEs primarily trading electronically. The main output is to propose a business process model of strategic management that could strengthen the existing strategic position of SMEs with a focus on e-commerce. The main purpose is fulfilled through a research study conducted in several phases between the selected samples of enterprises primarily oriented on e-commerce. The empirical research methods are used: methods of personal interviewing, financial analysis, situational analysis, case studies, methods of statistical induction and descriptive statistics, modelling, and simulation. The process model is then simulated and verified in practice on the selected enterprise within a help of Vensim software. The contribution of the paper is based on the procedure for the creation and implementation of the strategic management of SMEs primarily oriented on e-commerce, which could strengthen their existing strategic position and whose validity is verified in practice.
Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2012
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vol. 2
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issue 2
191-202
EN
Taken the issue in this article is due to discern the challenges facing modern electronic economy and actors participating in it. These challenges arise from the phenomenon of assimilation products and services offered on the network, the characteristics of the networked economy consisting of high volatility and applying the principle of declining confidence in the face of this variability, having detrimental effects on the develop credibility. With the help may come in the principles of usability features so far for computing and considered in the context of "good practices" to create websites. The article is a proposal for an interdisciplinary approach to the elements of usability and through the integration of different theories, opinions, experiences and literature from many research areas, as an attempt to identify companies with these challenges, do attribute and become more competitive and efficient as subjects of modern electronic economy.
EN
With the development of e-commerce, the area of interest of entrepreneurs and academics is focused on opportunities and strategic approaches to enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises that primarily trade electronically. This paper focuses on evaluating the importance of determinants of strategy and strategic management in the long-term development of small and medium-sized enterprises that primarily trade electronically and then to evaluate the importance of these determinants into the whole process of strategic management of enterprises primarily focused on e-commerce. The main aim of the paper is fulfilled through research carried out in several phases between a selected sample of small and medium enterprises oriented primarily on e-commerce. The collection and analysis of data from the research is realized by using the method of personal interviewing and the methods of statistical induction and descriptive statistics for the verification of the formulated main and partial hypotheses. The contribution of the paper is based on the identification of the importance of strategic management evaluated by SMEs focusing primarily on e-commerce, influencing their strategic position and the possibility of further development.
EN
This research focuses on the last phase of advertising1 and seeks to analyse the frequency of purchase via mobile devices by children and adolescents (aged 10 to 14) living in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile. The interest in this particular cohort stems from the fact that recent studies have shown that online purchases have increased significantly among Chileans. The study addresses online shopping tendencies among children based on how they respond to the advertising they are exposed to through their mobile devices. Specifically, the text analyses the level of expansion, reasons for online purchases, access and payment, and interest categories, among other issues. To this avail, a survey was conducted in 501 households in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile. The results show that less than 10% of the respondents said they had made online purchases over the last year, and among those who had made purchases, most of these corresponded to the acquisition of video games, event tickets and clothing. Nearly 50% stated that online purchases were motivated by lower prices or access to promotions. This research aims to contribute to establishing a solid starting point and promote subsequent research on better child rearing practices, content supervision and parental and social mediation.
EN
The issue of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy is highly topical at a time of gradual economic recovery. The study presents the results of more than a year and a half of empirical research on changes in consumer behaviour patterns of Slovaks obtained through an analysis of their online interactions with the five main representatives of the e-commerce industry. During both pandemic waves B2C and C2B interactions of a sample of more than half a million customers in the Facebook social network environment were systematically recorded. Subsequently, the data were compared with the reference period one year after the historically first lockdown. The results suggest that during the pandemic, customers switched into completely new patterns of consumer behaviour aimed at maximizing benefits. However, as the pandemic progressed, these patterns combined with the pre-pandemic standard behaviour and created a new, relatively stable evolving trend. This economically significant trend must be considered in business practice.
EN
There are clear disparities between the health needs of residents and the financial sources of the public health system. The basic determinants of their formation is a development of health needs that is caused by age extension, increase in chronic diseases, as well as by increasing demands of the residents on healthcare services. The expenses related to the provision of healthcare may be increased by suitable implementation of e-Health project. The aim of this contribution is to evaluate the use of ICT in the health facilities in Slovakia as a basis of their effective strategic control. On the set platform we specified the disparities among the health facilities in the analysed region may be specified on the basis of the platform and also it is possible to determine the decisive determinants that influence their further development.
EN
The importance of up-to-date information-communication technologies in the economic and social life has been growing in the recent years. Internet creates new opportunities for providing services and meeting needs. The newest results of research surveys of the quantitative and qualitative nature on the use of e-services by consumers in such countries as Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine are presented in the article. The results of surveys may serve as a source of information on consumers’ behaviour to form their marketing strategies. The researches were carried out for the purposes of the project carried out by the Institute for Market, Consumption and Business Cycles Research in Warsaw (Poland). The grant-funded project is carried out by an international team.
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