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Las dos culturas. Literatura y ciencias del universo en la obra de Rubén Darío

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Martínez J.
Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)
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2016
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vol. Special Issue: El mundo de la literatura
51-60
EN
The gap between the knowledge related to the field of literature and to that of science begins to widen at the end of the 19th century, and this separations gets more pronounced in the 20th century. However, already in the 19th century the relationship between natural science and literary science was subject of Rubén Darío’s attention, and for some time he saw them as closely related, working with the examples offered by the works of Edgar Allan Poe, Jules Verne, and G. H. Wells, on each of whom he wrote an essay. Towards the end of his life, Darío’s youthful enthusiasm for sciences dwindled.
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Der alt­-neue Vampir. Das Schauerliche und die Figur des Nachzehrers in „Vampirismus” von E. T. A. Hoffmann

85%
Cieśliński S., Universität Łódź P. F.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica
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2014
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vol. 10
EN
E. T. A. Hoffmann is one of the most famous representatives of early German horror literature. He has been both, inspired by its predecessors, as well as having influenced the work of many of his successors, and hence the development of the whole genre. The present article examines a story by E. T. A. Hoffmann, “Vampirismus” from the collection of short stories “Serapions Brüder” (1819–1821). Emphases are, on the one hand, on the mechanisms that cause readers’ fear and uncertainty and, on the other hand, the peculiarity of the vampire or Nachzehrer figure and their function in the story. Firstly, it will be shown that the vampire depicted in the work is not actually a vampire. We find here a ghoul; that is a demon from Arab culture. However, the ghoul has more to do with the monster outlined by Antoine Galland in his translation of the “One Thousand and One Nights” than with traditional folk beliefs. Secondly, the author comes to the conclusion that Hoffmann has functionalized the Horrible. This element does not work by itself, but serves the author as the background of the action. And he is using this background to let the characters reveal all their weaknesses and dark sides. The violation of the order ruling in the world as it is represented engages the reader and at the same time raises his fear. The resulting excited feelings and general alienation are further reinforced for the figure of the Nachzehrer that occurs instead of a formerly innocent, graceful girl. The emergence of the supernatural – the final confirmation of the breach of order – is responsible for the effect just described.
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