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1

SLADKOVODNÉ EKOSYSTÉMY A ČLOVEK

100%
Janto A.
Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)
|
2024
|
vol. 31
|
issue 1
35 – 45
EN
Sine aqua non est vita – without water, there is no life. Water is one of the fundamental components of the environment, a substance without which we cannot imagine life in general. It has a key role in the biosphere and also in the destiny of human civilizations. Despite its inestimable importance, we often use water resources very inefficiently. Although more and more people are moving to the cities and technology is dominating in our daily lives, we are still existentially dependent on nature. For this reason, it is important to talk both about the importance of water and about how we treat it. Therefore, this essay discusses the importance of water and freshwater ecosystems, particularly to human society. It elucidates the water resources of the Slovak Republic – a country rich in this natural resource. It explains what freshwater ecosystems are and why the perception of water as a complex ecosystem is important not only by professionals but also by the general public. However, as the relationship between water and humans is bidirectional, it also discusses the negative impacts of human activities that disrupt the functioning of freshwater ecosystems – activities that reduce the quality and spectrum of freshwater ecosystem services.
2

EFFICIENCY OF MANAGEMENT IN THE LIGHT OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (Efektywnosc gospodarowania w swietle uslug srodowiska)

88%
Michalowski A.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2012
|
issue 1(55)
99-118
EN
The aim of this paper is to present the assumptions behind the concept of macroeconomic analysis of management efficiency in the context of ecosystem services. Economic theory has long appreciated the significance of the flow of environmental goods, which is at the core of all theories and models of environmental economics. In fact, only full acknowledgement of the importance of ecosystem services for management processes aimed at achieving sustainable development and knowledge-based economy will enable one to verify the approach to the problems of economic efficiency, making it possible to formulate recommendations for increasing this efficiency. Deeper and more complete analysis and evaluation of management efficiency can be performed as a result of the valorisation of natural processes, which underpin the services provided by the environment.
3

Analiz podhodov k e'konomicheskoj ocenke e'kosistemnyh uslug

88%
Sotnyk I. M., Mogilenets T. V.
Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky
|
2011
|
vol. 2 (52)
152-158
EN
The main methodological approaches to economic valuation of ecosystem services are analyzed; their advantages and disadvantages are defined. The expediency of economic evaluations conducting for optimal solutions forming in environmental management is proved. Directions of methodological approaches improvement of ecosystem services economic valuation are proposed.
4

Is there a thermodynamic constraint on economic activity?

75%
Bartus G.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2008
|
vol. 55
|
issue 11
1010-1022
EN
Many people have enquired, since environmental problems came to the fore, why economics does not deal with estimation of the optimal scale of the economy, though the limits to the Earth's material resources mean the size of its economy cannot increase indefinitely. The ecological school of economics have sought a requisite scientific basis for such measurement in the second law of thermodynamics (the entropy law). The study concludes first that economics takes cognizance of many scientific constraints during its investigations - though these conclusions are not emphatic - and secondly that the desirable aggregate measures of economic activity (if there should exist such an optimum, which is not dealt with here) can certainly not be proved through the second law of thermodynamics
5

ECONOMIC INTERPRETATIONS OF SUSTAINABILITY (A fenntarthatosag kozgazdasagtani ertelmezesei)

75%
Malovics G., Bajmocy Z.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 56
|
issue 5
464-483
EN
Strongly different approaches to sustainability appear side by side in economics. The differences, the study argues, are not worth examining in terms of strong and weak dimensions of sustainability, as often occurs in professional debate. The distinction has much more to do with two clear schools of thought on the relation between nature and the economy - neo-classical environmental economics resting on welfare foundations, and ecological economics - though the dividing line is not always a sharp one. It is concluded that ecological economics makes cogent criticisms of the sustainability-related views and methods of environmental economics, often offering methodologically clear solutions as an alternative to these.
6

NECESSITY OF SPECIAL DISCOUNTING FOR NATURE RESOURCES, PRODUCTION AND SERVICES TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INVESTMENTS

75%
Kotko A. A.
Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky
|
2010
|
vol. 1 (45)
53-61
EN
The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the necessity of special natural discount rates during conservation activities efficiency assessment. The social rate of discounting originated by D. Pearce is often used now. However much of values of ecosystem origin differ in such aspects as absence of high-grade anthropogenic substitutes and conservative character of natural 'technologies', and consequently, simple, not extended reproduction. As a result there exists the necessity of special discounting rate for non-replaceable production and services having restrictions in capability of their reprocessing and consumption, which follows from the analysis of consumer choice trajectory in the course of budget growth over a level at which the maximum of consumption of the limited good is reached. The paper estimates the reduction value for discounting rates in the special case of individual utility functions of Cobb-Douglas type and - for collective consumption of renewable natural resources, restricted in reproducing possibility - equal parts resource sharing among consuming community members. The idea of special discount rates for the production and non-material services of ecosystems is useful both for economic efficiency assessment of nature conservation activities and for calculation of compensations from the activities worsening environment quality.
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