Every enterprise could lead economic activity and has to possess suitable material base, which makes up first of all the productive potential, consisting mainly with centers of production, and so the centers of work (the buildings, machine and the device) and the objects of work (the materials). It is individual subject gradual waste of that is amortization property. Amortization is reflection in track of peeled period of exploitation their waste, but simultaneously making up cost has influence on formation the financial result of the enterprise.
The article presents the most important issues on the role of the small and medium enterprises (SME) in a national economy, which made it necessary to explain the nature and definition of the SME. The advantages and disadvantages of this type of enterprises were presented. Another aspect discussed in the article is the human capital in the SME. The conclusions include the proposals of new trends in further research into SME.
The paper studies the methodological foundations of modeling business processes as part of their economic activity in reengineering. Noted features of modern economic systems that determine certain characteristics of business process management, including their reengineering. Proved problematic in the implementation of business process modeling with their further reengineering. The directions of the theory of self-organization of complex systems. Defined methodological principles of construction of systems modeling business processes during their reengineering. The stages of the business process modeling, which redesigns. Studied reengineering financial performance of industrial enterprises in the current economic conditions using simulation. The application of models of Baumol and Miller-Orr during business process modeling in their reengineering. Formed corresponding conclusions on research within the scope of this article.
In this study published in two parts (see Part I : ibid. Vol. 51. No. 7/8, 608-624.) the authors propose a clarification of the notion of soft budget constraint, which is widely used in analysis of socialist, transitional and market economies alike. The interpretation in the study is broad enough to embrace most existing approaches to soft budget constraint phenomena and provides a classification of the causes and consequences of these. In the light of this, the study goes on to review the theoretical literature on the subject and compare it with work on other dynamic commitment problems in economics.
In the current economic conditions for planning of the company and developing a strategy to help account not only the interests of shareholders, but also to the other participants, that is, all the stakeholders. In the article the interests of stakeholders in the aspect of providing capitalization company were systematized. The main types of conflicts between different groups of stakeholders were developed. In view of the differences between the interests of different stakeholder groups and the possible contradictions between the interests of stakeholders according to the degree of influence on the company, stakeholders are defined the direct impact and remote stakeholders (often indirect) effects were classified. By the level of interest of stakeholders in the company's capitalization and the level of their impact on the capitalization by allocating distinct groups among all stakeholders to construct a matrix of stakeholders capitalization of the company. A typology of stakeholder groups was made. By combining the three types of interaction between business owners and small shareholders and the three forms of market efficiency was allocated 9 types of business attraction and construct a matrix of shareholders' interests. Suggestions for growth indicator EBITDA were developed.
In recent years there can be observed a constant development of the Internet industry, in which outsourcing is gaining significance. The enterprises in this branch are very diversified. On the one hand there exist many single owner-operator microenterprises on the market whereas on the other hand there are also huge international corporations. Both of the types need a support in different areas of their activity. The aim of this paper is the presentation of outsourcing's advantages and disadvantages, as well as the possibilities of its application, exemplified by the case of the Internet industry.
Market position of enterprises and quality of operations of public organisations depend on numerous variables positioned within and outside those entities. The social potential within the enterprise or public organisation is one of such internal variables. The study aimed at assessment of quality of the management in enterprises of SME sector and public organisations, including units of territorial government. The empirical material collected revealed the competence gaps mainly in the areas of personality predispositions and management skills.
The paper describes empirical studies devoted to an attempt at formulating a new model of future enterprise. Also, achieving what is called by G. Hamel 'Management 2.0' or, in other words, 'second generation management' was presented.
Entrepreneurs are main beneficiaries of the funds from European Union. The process of financial support from EU for entrepreneurs conducting business activities in Poland is an important issue, which should be taken up by entrepreneurs, government and other offices and institutions, which participate in the process of absorption of the financial support. Introduction of the possibilities of financing and realization of the investment originating from various EU programs in new the 2007-2013 programming perspective, understanding of the stages of preparation of the project and application form, knowledge about financing principles of the investments from granted support are essential. Co-financing of project realized from EU financial resources is connected with a lot of advantages. First of all, the donations present an additional source of financial support for enterprises which allow to accomplish the investment bear considerably with lower costs than by using other sources (for example credit). Secondly, the donation allows accomplishing the investment faster, to create new additional job positions and utilize modern technology, which company couldn't afford to by using its own funds. Moreover, the resources from various European Funds have a favorable effect (impact) on enterprise development and on improvement its competitiveness in the market. The company and all technologies, which could be implemented, can become more innovative. If the firm has an access to such sources of financing, it would have an opportunity for considerably faster development in comparison with other forms of financing its activity. Thirdly, the range of support for enterprises is very wide. Company can request for funding of project from various areas, from purchasing fixed assets and buying land or from purchasing intangible assets to take advantage of an advisory service.
Kaizen is philosophy of constant developing derived from Japan , of which the basic rule is continuous engagement and the willingness to improve the firm quality and its products. Its essence is based on the orientation on processes, and this way on results. The set of rules and regulations were developed for the needs of the Kaizen system of management, and all the workers are obliged to follow them. Furthermore, organizational solutions which are proper to the Kaizen system were established. The Kaizen system brings notable effects and its introducing in Japanese companies situated in Poland has brought significant profits.
Maintaining a high level of R&D and efficient innovation can enable enterprises to survive and win a better position in the international market. Both these fields require considerable amounts of money, which, unfortunately, is not one of Poland’s strengths, neither in terms of government spending nor enterprises’ own resources. It is also essential to change the mentality entrepreneurs and encourage them to apply for both national and EU funding. Stimulation of R&D and innovation can become a basis for improving the competitiveness of the companies in the domestic and international market. This article discusses the main characteristics of research and development activity, its main determinants and the importance of marketing and knowledge in R&D.
In article the methodical approach to definition of industrial potential of joint-stock companies directed on carrying out of an estimation of degree of satisfaction of shareholders by enterprise work is offered. The given approach will allow to protect the rights minority stockholder, to interest them in effective functioning of the enterprise and increase of level of industrial potential.
The subsidiary industries influence on economic potential of industrial enterprise is investigated. Basic indicators of industrial enterprises are analysed according to amounts and types of industrial activity. The necessity to form effective economic potential use of manufacturing industries of regional industrial complex is under consideration.
The article describes the method of an individual efficiency measurement system in a real enterprise of designing, as a case study. Thanks to this method prepared and dedicated for this specific company environment it was possible to discover and indicate all week points in its functioning and organization. Also the deployed system al-lowed for a consequent and detailed analyze of the efficiency that gave opportunity of a better control of production processes and a possibility to take required corrective actions in a real time. The system has led to an overall increase of efficiency and productivity.
Economic subjects, which its strategy based at the innovative potential need to make efficient use of available intellectual assets value and should therefore take measures to ensure the development and protection of these resources. This protection is one of the key components of intellectual property management in the enterprise. The article presents the problem of the use of institutional forms of intellectual property protection in economic activity. In describing the essence of the protection sought to demonstrate its importance, not only for the development of innovative activities of modern enterprises, but also to increase the economic potential and strengthen the market position of the company.
The sector of small and medium-sized businesses comprises- in terms of quantity- is the dominant group of traders, although it faces a number of significant development barriers, among which we should indicate such environmental barriers as market barriers, management problems, and capital constraints. It is important to emphasize that the problems of lack of access to external financing sources are one of the key problems restraining the process of formation and development of business in practically all countries of the world, including Poland. People who start running their own business every day encounter the problem of the capital gap, also called the Macmillan gap, a gap between the demand for capital and its supply in the economy. According to the research, 87% of Polish SMEs have used their own resources first to finance investments. Luckily, the European Union helps beginner businessmen, and also a network of business angels, who fill the capital gap by their activities. Benefits of cooperation between the company and the angel are definitely mutual.
This article explores the methodological basis of identification of reserves productivity in the industrial and developed ways to implement them. Proved reserves for possible productivity and established their relationship with the enterprise management system. Investigated the influence of the main directions of factors on productivity, defined approach to classification and main groups of factors that are appropriate to carry out the primary influence in the modern world. The approach to implementation management reserves and increase productivity, which is distinguished by the presence of the monitoring procedures and use of reserves productivity in the enterprise. Studied areas of implementation of labour productivity in the industry. Authorized by the conclusions of research conducted within the subject matter of this article.
The idea of standardization and its broad interpretation is shown by use of rich historical evidence, including accounts of Ancient Egypt and Rome, Renaissance epoch, Russia before and after Peter the Great, Western Europe (Germany, England, France) before and after the industrial revolution. The contemporary standardization is dated from the rise of mass-scale industry, that is, from the capitalism, and institutions dealing with standardization appeared at the end of XIX - beginning of XX century, when standardization was perceived as an economic requirement, not in the least due to intensive militarization, and national organizations responsible for standardization appeared in time of World War I. Detailed account of standardization in the USSR is given, which was launched with introduction of metric system of measures and weights and establishing the first central body on standardization in 1925. In 1968, the USSR was the first in the world practice to develop and approve the so called 'State Standardization System'. The world experiences in standardization were subject to concern in the USSR, an evidence of which is the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR 'On Organization of Work on Standardization in the USSR'. Works on standardization were suspended with the breakdown of the USSR.
The study presents definitions of the human capital and methods of both the tools of the measurement and the evaluation of the human capital. Next we present the arguments for taking away the human capital as an active member of the enterprise, as well as an example of the human capital evaluation by the model employee which constitutes the ground for showing the income of this active member of the enterprise's financial aspect.
This paper describes the significance of trust in ties between an enterprise and consumers in the process of exiting a crisis situation. The author presents various approaches with relation to trust, as well as a brief description of its structure. There is emphasis placed on the theoretical assumptions of consumer trust. Consumer trust is presented in the perspective of economic theory. There is also analysis of consumer trust and indication of the necessity of its development. The types of consumer trust are also outlined by indicating the role of reputation and experience in creating a specified level of trust among the con-sumers towards the enterprise at hand. There is also a presentation of the conditioning associated with the building of trust between an enterprise and con-sumers. The application of the models for building trust are proposed, e.g. the model of the process of building trust in cyberspace, as well as the integrated model of trust in relations in terms of e-commerce.
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