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1
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W jaki sposób myślą przedsiębiorcy? – czyli "Jeśli mogę kontrolować przyszłość, nie muszę jej przewidywać"

100%
Kurczewska A.
e-mentor
|
2012
|
issue 5 (47)
20-24
EN
The aim of the paper is to introduce, basing on Sarah Sarasvathy's works, the logic of effectuation and to juxtapose it to causation. Effectuation is a way of thinking that is practiced by expert entrepreneurs. Effectual entrepreneurs do not predict the future but perceive it as possible to control due to their actions.
2

Edukacja na rzecz przedsiębiorczości a rozwój gospodarczy

100%
Dąbrowski M.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2012
|
issue 3(57)
159-172
EN
The paper is aimed at demonstrating the importance of entrepreneurship education in economic terms. The author defines several concepts from the field of entrepreneurship. The main focus is on ways to successfully foster entrepreneurial attitudes and skills essential for economic development. Also analysed are the steps taken in Poland and the European Union to stimulate education for entrepreneurship, and the major trends in this area are presented.
3

INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP (Instytucjonalny wymiar przedsiebiorczosci)

100%
Gruszewska E.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2010
|
issue 3 (47)
107-121
EN
Entrepreneurship should be perceived as an element of an economic system. It also seems that it would be legitimate to include it in the institutional system of the economy. Entrepreneurship is not only determined by institutions of different character (institutional matrix) but it is an institution itself. The research undertaken by the author is aimed at analysing the essence of entrepreneurship in terms of institutional aspects. A specific character has determined the author's prospecting for the institutional nature of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is the institution that determines many economic processes. We can say that entrepreneurship is crucial. This is particularly apparent when we look at entrepreneurship as a set of rules followed by everybody: company directors, chairpersons, managers and also employees. If we add this institutional aspect to the classical concept, entrepreneurship appears to be an individual principle determining action in market economy. Then, the view of entrepreneurship becomes complete. This is the missing element which best fits in with the puzzle and which holds different points of view together
4
Content available remote

Nauczanie przedsiębiorczości w świetle światowej literatury przedmiotu

100%
Klucznik-Törő A.
e-mentor
|
2012
|
issue 5 (47)
25-30
EN
The aim of the article is to present the literature review of the newest and the most important articles dedicated to the entrepreneurial education. Articles included to the research were published in the scientific periodics belonging to the Entrepreneurship Journals Rankings in the years 2000-2010.
5

INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURS IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES. THE ALBANIAN CASE

100%
Stringa A., Saimir S., Jorida T.
Contemporary Economics
|
2009
|
issue 2(10)
91-101
EN
The transition process in Albania, as in other ex-communist countries, stopped the enterprise development. The increasing number of small and medium enterprises is the most promising consequence of the transition process. Several researches in western countries have demonstrated that entrepreneurship involves objective and subjective factors and is interrelated with environmental objective factors and individual subjective ones. Our research examines clear characteristics of the businesses' analysis, the performance of the entrepreneurs themselves (their background and personal characteristics), their motivation to start a business and the perceptions of the different characteristics and the aspects of the businesses they run.
6

PRIVATE ACCOMODATIONS - A SOURCE OF INCOME OR A HOBBY FOR THEIR PROVIDERS? THE STUDY OF LUBELSKIE REGION (Kwatery prywatne - zrodlo dochodu czy hobby? Przyklad Lubelszczyzny)

80%
Bednarek-Szczepanska M.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2011
|
issue 1(150)
147-161
EN
The main subject of the paper is the operation of private accommodation facilities in the rural areas of the Lubelskie region. The author tries to explore the benefits which the providers of tourist services get from the activity. Do the accommodation facilities constitute an important source of income for them? Does the activity of providing accommodation bring other, non-material benefits? The relevant data have been collected with the help of a semi-structured interview. The author analyses in detail the attractions and services for tourists, the number of overnight stays and opinions of accommodation providers. She also defines the types of available tourist offers. The obtained results show that the offer for tourists is rather simple and based on the use of the already existing resources of the households supplying tourist services. Only a small proportion of the surveyed accommodation providers can offer attractive and competitive tourist products. Also, there is an insufficient specialization in the offer provided to tourists. Entrepreneurial attitudes are not common among accommodation providers. The business of tourism does not constitute a significant source of income for them. However, most accommodation providers are satisfied with their activity, especially in terms of social relations. The non-material benefits from tourism are of greater significance than the financial profits, especially outside the regional tourism centres.
7

SENIOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN EUROPEAN CONTEXT: KEY DETERMINANTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY

80%
Červený J., Pilková A., Rehák J.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2016
|
vol. 64
|
issue 2
99 – 117
EN
This paper examines the determinants of total early stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) within European countries and the different effect of these determinants on general population and senior cohort (aged 50+) in Eastern and Western Europe. We exploit the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) dataset spanning years 2001 – 2012 to address this issue. We examined both standard individual characteristics and indicators of social capital, and entrepreneurial potential (based on entrepreneurial skills, perception of opportunities and fear of failure). We analysed also impact of specific characteristics of entrepreneurial environment using a multi-level logistic regression. The results show that negative perception of skills and opportunities significantly lowers the probability to be involved in TEA. We find also that cultural norms, government programs and good banking services have a positive impact on TEA.
8

The effect of higher-education environment on choice of entrepreneurial career. An international comparative analysis in 2006

80%
Szerb L., Markus G.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2007
|
vol. 54
|
issue 3
248-273
EN
Present-day international research shows that future economic growth and job creation depend on the 'gazelles' - a small proportion of newly founded firms. One feature of the entrepreneurs who start and run these gazelles is that they have higher educational qualifications. Many other newly started firms, possibly with smaller growth potential, are also in graduate ownership. This is one important reason to know what proportion of university and college students intend to start a business after graduating. The study is based on data on entrepreneurial ambitions among 3346 students in eight Hungarian universities, taken from the 'Collegiate Entrepreneurship 2006' international survey of over 37,000 students in 14 countries. The survey shows that Hungarian students score within the international average, but below average if quality criteria are taken into account. However, the survey showed that attending entrepreneurial courses had a positive effect on entrepreneurial career choice, although further investigations are needed to prove the causal connection conclusively and gauge the strength of the connection. The study also makes economic recommendations for education policy. The entrepreurial careers of graduates would be assisted by making entrepreneurial courses compulsory in higher economic education and adult training, in line with world tendencies and the ideas of students themselves.
9

THE SURVEY OF ACADEMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE INNOVATION OF COMPANIES (Badanie przedsiebiorczosci akademickiej i jej wplywu na innowacyjnosc przedsiebiorstw)

80%
Haberla M.
Nauki o Zarządzaniu
|
2011
|
issue 6
71-83
EN
The article presents the essence of academic entrepreneurship and its influence on the innovation of companies. There is stressed the necessity to continue the research on the phenomenon and its further development. The research conducted by the author shows that it is important to further stimulate and facilitate cooperation at universities, in research centres, as well as among entrepreneurs. It is also important to indicate the benefits that they can achieve working together and to show the areas of cooperation.
10

EXPLAINING THE AMBIGUOUS IMPACT OF OVERCONFIDENCE ON CORPORATE DECISION-MAKING: A CRITIQUE OF THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

80%
Grežo M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2018
|
vol. 21
|
issue 2
1 - 15
EN
Prior entrepreneurship research shows that individuals often possess biased expectations regarding their chances of success in the market compared to objective reality, as well as to their success and profitability compared to their peers. The present study addresses the effect of overconfidence on corporate decision-making with regard to the methodology used in economic and psychological studies. Current research provides contradictory and inconclusive results about the effect of overconfidence on various Chief Executive Officers’ decisions and profitability. In this study, the author tries to explain this inconclusiveness by outlining some of the most important methodological issues in the overconfidence research. Overconfidence can be defined as a systematic tendency to overestimate one’s own ability to make accurate forecasts, or as an overestimation of one’s own performance, or knowledge, compared to his/her actual performance, or others’ knowledge. In this paper, he describes, firstly, the origins and differences in operationalization between economic and psychology studies. Several widely-used measures and proxies of overconfidence in economic research are described and the diversity of using these measures in previous studies is showed. Subsequently, he discusses how different forms of overconfidence impact the decision-making and performance of entrepreneurs. In this part, the study focuses on the three most frequent areas that are reflected in the current literature; namely the effect of overconfidence on financial decision-making, firm profitability, and entrepreneurs’ innovativeness. The final part of the study outlines several possible ways how problems with methodology and inconclusiveness in the overconfidence research could be solved.
11

Entrepreneurship in Poland in Times of Crisis and Economic Slowdown

80%
Kobus-Ostrowska D.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2013
|
issue 5(65)
73-86
EN
Entrepreneurship is widely regarded as the key to economic development. In spite of the crisis is here, more and more companies are established. The aim of this article is the answer the question: does this difficult situation trigger an entrepreneurial spirit, effectively discourage us from taking on new challenges and make us more creative? An important factor creating entrepreneurship in Poland, in times of crisis and economic slowdown is the availability of funds for economic activity. Currently, people who want to start a business in Poland may apply for funds from many sources. The multitude of available resources and growing competition for their acquisition encourage creative people to create their own place in economic reality.
12

DETERMINANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL AREAS WITH EMPHASIS ON EXPERIENCE STEMMING FROM SAPARD IMPLEMENTATION (Determinanty rozwoju przedsiebiorczosci na obszarach wiejskich z..uwzglednieniem ... programu SAPARD)

80%
Bryla P.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2009
|
issue 2(143)
134-151
EN
Due to the specific problems of rural areas, the policy of stimulating entrepreneurship located in the countryside is becoming ever more important. The shaping of entrepreneurial attitudes and the introduction of assistance programmes for the already existing enterprises constitute the main factors of the development of entrepreneurship. Its understanding should not be confined to non-agricultural activities alone for it encompasses the modernisation of farms and the adoption by farmers of behaviour patterns which are typical for business activity. The system of incentives created by the pre-accession programme of assistance to agriculture and rural areas SAPARD fits this conceptual framework. An independent empirical research study was carried out to investigate the impact of this programme on the development of rural entrepreneurship. The last part of the paper deals with quantitative and qualitative changes in respect of stimulation of the development of rural entrepreneurship that have taken place in Poland after its accession to the European Union.
13
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Grupy producenckie jako przykład rozwoju przedsiębiorczości wspierany funduszami UE na obszarach wiejskich

80%
Cupiał M., Szeląg-Sikora A.
Zarządzanie i Finanse
|
2012
|
vol. 1
|
issue 2
257-267
EN
In the paper presents the operation of producer groups as a form of entrepreneur-ship occurring in the rural areas. A detailed analysis was carried out on the example of a group focused on the production of fruits and vegetables, bringing together 41 agricultural producers. The obtained results allow to conclude that cooperation brings tangible results such as sales growth, ongoing investment.
14
Content available remote

HUMAN CAPITAL AND ITS ACCUMULATION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM COMPANIES (Kapital ludzki i jego akumulacja w malych i srednich firmach)

80%
Szczepaniec M., Jurkiewicz T.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2009
|
vol. 36
|
issue 8(425)
18-26
EN
The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical quantitative evidence concerning human capital in SMEs, the relationship between knowledge accumulation and firm size/firm human capital. This article provides analysis of the key findings of the survey which was conducted among 1308 small and medium sized enterprises in the private sector in Poland. The findings highlight the important role played by human capital in knowledge acquisition and performance of SMEs. The proportion of entrepreneurs who have achieved a tertiary education (38%) is almost 21% higher than that of the 24-to-64-year-olds. 29,3% of SMEs train their employees, but only 2,3% SMEs use advisory services of knowledge centers, and 5,5% of SMEs carry on marketing research. Human capital embodied in business owner has positive effect on propensity to train employees, use of advisory services and carrying on marketing research. There is also significant firm size effect that influences SME knowledge acquisition. The results indicate that development of knowledge can be affected by investments in human capital, and should be of interest to policy makers developing new strategies and policies to support the growth of SMEs in Poland.
15

ENRICH YOURSELVES AND TAKE ADVANTAGE OF LIFE! ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CONSUMPTION IN THE PRESS DISCOURSE DURING THE PERIOD OF TRANSFORMATION

80%
Jarecka U.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
|
2005
|
vol. 49
|
issue 3
109-128
EN
The authoress discusses the propaganda of capitalism in the press discourse from the years 1989-1991, based on an analysis of texts published in the Warsaw daily 'Gazeta Wyborcza' and the Polish weekly 'Wprost'. The rhetoric of transition (or 'transformation') that is used there encouraged people to be entrepreneurial (mainly through the presentation of model individuals) and helped to form consumer attitudes. The authoress presents the image of the early stages of reform that was conveyed in the press, and its reflection in sociological studies; the autorepresentation of entrepreneurs in the press discourse; distinctions between the different possibilities offered by consumerism and the problems of postsocialist advertising, as well as the paradoxes of early capitalism as revealed in this press discourse.
16

INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT (Wplyw przedsiebiorczosci na rozwój gospodarczy regionu)

80%
Gawel A.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2009
|
issue 2(42)
92-107
EN
Entrepreneurship is multidimensional phenomenon and there is the lack of its uniform measure, in paper three were presented three single measures of entrepreneurship, the indicator of quality of firms' sizes, the indicator of quality of economic sector, the indicator of firms' saturation in economy, and one synthetic indicator, the indicator of entrepreneurial quality. In presented paper, the relationship between entrepreneurship's measures and the level of economic development in Polish regions was investigated. The influence of entrepreneurship, measured by single and synthetic indicators, on the level of regional development is positive. Better shaped structure of entrepreneurship leads to higher level of economic development. Among single measures, the indicator of quality of firms' sizes has the most important influence on the level of economic development.
17

STUDIES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN WESTERN COUNTRIES: A NEW FIELD IN ECONOMICS

80%
Isakova I.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2008
|
issue 2
49-62
EN
Studies of entrepreneurship established as a scientific discipline quite recently, although its phenomenon has been investigated since XVII-XVIII centuries in Europe (R. Cantillon, A.Smith, J.B.Say), and since early XX century in the USA (F.Walker, F.Knight). The fundamental work by J.Schumpeter 'The Theory of Economic Development' appeared when it had been commonly recognized that the new phase of economic development meant the end of small firms. This theme was further elaborated in works of behaviorists (D.McClelland). A new impulse for the establishment of this research area came from management science. The discussion on the economic role of business flared up in economic literature in the latest decades of XX century, because, as followed from advocates of small business, small firms had a significant contribution in technological change and innovation, and they created market turbulence and competitive environment. Small enterprises (the term used in western academic circles and official documents) now make up a major part of enterprises in all countries. They still have no standard definition, which is also true with respect to entrepreneurship, although western researchers agree that the essence of entrepreneurship is a launch of change through creation and exploitation of innovations. Studies of small business and entrepreneurship allowed to elaborate new approaches (Low and McMillan, J.Wiklund). The prevailed approach to studies of entrepreneurship involved microlevel, but in 90s researchers shifted to contextual aspects of entrepreneurship. In this context, the entrepreneurship is actively used by politicians as a factor promoting regional development. The latest studies of entrepreneurship use institutional theory, resource theory of firms and relational approach.
18

SOCIAL COOPERATIVES AS A WAY OF ACTIVATING THE RURAL AREAS

80%
Mierzwa D.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2006
|
issue 2(131)
68-76
EN
The article shows the experience of EU countries and Poland concerning the occurrence of a new trend in economics, that is social economy, based on the example of social cooperatives. The occurrence of these subjects is an example of the fact that the market economy system is not the only mechanism of local development. The Polish achievements so far have been rather modest, that is why the initiatives of social and professional integration of the poorest have been launched in order to patch this part of Polish reality.
19

The role of business incubation in company development

80%
Bajmoczy Z.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2004
|
vol. 51
|
issue 12
1132-1150
EN
Incubation has become in recent years a generic term with a meaning much wider than the term 'incubator house' current in Hungary. It frames many means of company development, especially small, technology-oriented firms. It seems an urgent task to spread the new interpretation -combining market-developing company development with innovation policy - as this policy means is gaining importance in EU business policy. The first part draws on published international findings to support the need for technology-oriented incubation. The article goes on to present a new systematization of incubator services and the local business environment. The local business environment is examined in the light of incubation success, in terms of the ability of the services to add value and treat market deficiencies. Finally, an attempt is made to fit business incubation to two basic paradigms of business development - market-substituting and market-developing - and draw conclusions about its economic-policy applications.
20

Spowolnienie gospodarcze a wielkość firmy. Wybrane wnioski z badań nad sytuacją przedsiębiorstw w latach 2008−2009

80%
Morawczyński R.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2012
|
issue 897
5-23
EN
The aim of the article is to investigate evidence for a relationship between the size of Polish firms and their reaction to the 2008–2009 slowdown. The method is based on a statistical comparison of different size firms measured with employment, using data collected in a sample of 100 companies. Data was obtained in a telephone survey representing a broad range of activities, ages and markets served. A review of other Polish research as well as a summary of macroeconomic conditions in the years 2008–2009 is presented as an introduction. The results show a comparison between three categories of firms (micro, small, medium) in a few areas. The analysis covers topics such as: temporal aspects, outcomes in various routines of the companies, the impact of external factors and methods of coping. Factor analysis was employed to reduce the multidimensionality of the problems researched. The results show that the vast majority of surveyed firms experienced slowdown effects and that the observed impact depends on employed indicators and firm size. The smallest firms had more problems maintaining liquidity and obtaining adequate financing. Such companies experienced competitive pressure from the shadow economy more deeply. Tiny differences were found as to the perception of changes in the environment. Company size is also a weak indicator of the way in which firms reacted to the effects of slowdown.
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