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Bilans dwudziestolecia istnienia rynku wewnętrznego Unii Europejskiej – aspekty wdrażania legislacji unijnej

100%
Ambroziak A. A.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
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2012
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issue 4
51-78
EN
As the area of free movement of goods, services, capital and persons, the internal market of the EU has been functioning for over 20 years. After the first period of its development, its role was not appreciated. However, there is little doubt as to its influence on growth during the economic crisis in 2008–2010. Thanks to the efforts of the Polish presidency in the second half of 2011, the internal market was recognised as one of the most important sources of economic development and “escaping forward” from the crisis. The legislation of the internal market has a vital role in the creation of the proper conditions for entrepreneurs operating within the internal market of the EU. Their situation and position depend on the proper implementation of legal acts. However, thelack of implementation of EU directives in the Member States causes the socalled fragmentation of the internal market. Some Member States wrongly implemented EU legislation or did not transpose it at all, which has created different conditions for the entrepreneurs and consumers in the EU. It seems there are two solutions to address this problem. One of them has been applied for the last 3–4 years. Instead of directives, the Commission proposes using regulations which are directly applicable in all Member States and do not require any transposition and implementation measures on the part ofthe Member States. The second solution concerns the 28th regime, which would be an optional legal framework defined at EU level and constituting an alternative to national provisions.
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Podstawowe regulacje prawne Unii Europejskiej w zakresie żywności genetycznie zmodyfikowanej

100%
Gołkowska E.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
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2012
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issue 2
89-112
EN
Issues related to genetically modified food are diversified and cover a variety of different areas, including food safety law, common market law, environmental law, consumer law and human health. The European Union legislation contains a number of detailed regulations that ensure introduction of only secure genetically modified food in the market. Before the introduction in the market, it is necessary to meet particular requirements, and this obligation always lies with the producer of such food. Firstly, the applicant is obliged to provide a full safety assessment of produced food and secondly they must obtain a mandatory permission. The permission is given only when all the EU Member States reach an agreement in the Council allowing them to place particular genetically modified food on the market. Furthermore, the producer of transgenic food has responsibilities related to labeling and monitoring its movements within the area of the European Union. The legislation on genetically modified food in the European Union is aimed at protecting consumers against dangerous modified food and, on the other hand, at non-interference in the free movement of goods in the common market, which is the fundamental principle of the European Union.
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VPLYV EURÓPSKEJ NORMOTVORBY NA NÁRODNÉ PARLAMENTY A LEGITIMITA LEGISLATÍVNEHO PROCESU V EÚ

70%
Žitná Z.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
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2022
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vol. 105
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issue 3
183 – 190
EN
National parliaments have a specific role to play in European integration and participation in the EU decision-making processes. In addition to control powers towards the executive power, the last changes of the primary law (Lisbon Treaty) have provided them with new competencies in the form of more sophisticated procedures of democratic control, including the implementation of the subsidiarity test under the so-called yellow and orange card mechanism. National legislators have thus a specific type of powers to some extent beyond national constitutional law, in which they exercise individual and collective control over decision-making processes at the EU level.
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