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1

EUTANÁZIA AKO AKT POSLEDNEJ VÔLE ČLOVEKA

100%
Szanyi N.
Verba Theologica. Teologický časopis
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2017
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vol. 16
|
issue 2
59 – 72
EN
This article deals with the phenomenon of euthanasia. It refers to the issue of understanding human death and the ongoing discusion on this topic. At first it presents the definition of euthanasia and it tries to describe what the concept of euthanasia means. In the second part, it draws attention to the opinions and views on the topic of euthanasia from selected German authors, who refuse classical arguments to justify the legitimacy of euthanasia and present arguments against it. Finally, the article contains a summary of the most important recent arguments about euthanasia and draws attention to the importance of assessing the intent of the act and the difference between the terms killing and letting die.
2
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Etyczna ocena różnic dotyczących praktyk eutanazyjnych w Holandii i Niemczech

100%
Birnbcher D.
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia
|
2007
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vol. 2
|
issue 2
109-118
EN
The article concerns the discussion on approach to euthanasia in modern Europe. The main interest here is the practice of euthanasia in Germany and The Netherlands, two countries where this phenomenon occurs mostly. The article describes two variations of these practices, concerning mostly the question of active acceptance by the patient. It also concerns the ethical and legislative evaluation of these practices. The conducted analysis show that – which is in accordance with the opinion of its opponents – the euthanasia too often replaces the proper medical treatment of the patient and becomes an easy method of removing the patient, even without his explicit consent.
3
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Gibt es ein Recht auf Nicht-Leiden? Umgang mit Leid und Behinderung

80%
Huber B.
Filo-Sofija
|
2008
|
vol. 8
|
issue 8
79-96
EN
Physicians have the duty to relieve pain. In this article we search both for definitions of pain and suffering, chronical diseases and disabilities and the meaning of such. Like “cancer” the term “disability” often is associated with defects and suffering and considered ab-normal. What causes suffering and pain is not so much the impairment or disability itself but rather the experience of discrimination. People with disabilities expect that their dignity be respected and that they be treated with equality. Suffering and pain should be a motive for changing one’s way of thinking. Euthanasia, however, is not the answer to extreme pain. Pastoral care, but also Viktor Frankl and his logo-therapy, help us understand the process of coping with pain, suffering and disabilities and find meaning to it. Theodicy, the ever-unanswered question to “why”, is of no help. The result of our investigation is that there is no right to non-suffering but a right to solidarity in support by society. Psalm 90,12 (“So teach us to number our days that we may get a heart of wisdom”) reminds us of the fragility and finite nature of life and helps us accept this condition of human life.
4

OTHER DEATHS: CURRENT POPULAR THANATOLOGICAL LITERATURE

80%
Kubiak A. E.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
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2007
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vol. 51
|
issue 1
169-187
EN
The authoress discusses the thanatological trends in current culture (mainly literature but also films and drama) which break the taboo surrounding death. The first part of the article describes the current approach to death. The second part presents - in her opinion - the new trends. These cover the following areas - descriptions of experiences of clinical death; the far-eastern attitudes to death; psychotherapeutic death; the diary of dying; the euthanasia debate.
5
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REASONS WHY SOCRATES WANTED TO DIE FANATICISM, WISDOM, EUTHANASIA OR SUICIDE. (Powody , dla których Sokrates chcial umrzec. Fanatyzm, madrosc, eutanazja badz samobyjstwo)

80%
Sieradzan J.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
|
2009
|
vol. 10
5-19
EN
Both in ancient sources and present-day commentaries we can find many evaluations of Socrates' behavior in court. According to some researchers his behavior contributed towards his death sentence. The article presents a review of standpoints, and tries to answer the question, why did Socrates want to die? Some consider Socrates' attitude as fanatical, others believe his stubbornness in court was suicidal. However, one seems certain: if he had not died a voluntary but violent death, he would not have become so interesting and would not have been considered a crucial figure in the history of philosophy. It seems that Socrates did not regard philosophy as an activity separated from life. He believed his methods of training your mind and reflecting upon a sense of life carried an important message: life is not the most precious value and you should not hold on to it at all costs.
6
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CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION OF LIFE: AN ATTEMPT TO ASSESS THE PROPOSAL FOR AMENDMENT OF POLAND'S CONSTITUTION (Wokól konstytucyjnej ochrony zycia. Próba oceny propozycji nowelizacji Konstytucji RP)

80%
Piechowiak M.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2010
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issue 1(96)
25-47
EN
This article first of all attempts to assess the proposals of 2006-2007 to amend Poland's Constitution, aimed mostly at strengthening constitutional protection of unborn human life. Parliamentary work on this proposal begins with the submission of the Deputy's bill on amendment of the Constitution, published in the Sejm Paper No. 993 of September 5, 2006, and ends with a series of votes at the 39th sitting of the Sejm of the fifth term of office, held on April 13, 2007, on which it was decided not to adopt any amendment. In the course of the legislative process, several modification were offered not only to Article 38 concerning protection of life, but also to Article 30 dealing with dignity as a source of rights. Each of these proposals had drawbacks, including inter alia: the lack of a definite period of protection or entitlement to dignity, resulting in the decreased protection in relation to issues concerning euthanasia; the application of new categories granting a specific status to unborn human life; specifying the standards for protection by means of legislative acts ranking lower than a constitution, resulting in the transfer of life protection into the sphere of regulation of ordinary legislation. The most conducive for strengthening of the protection of unborn human life, even if not free of imperfections, was an amendment of Article 30 proposed by the Committee in the following wording: 'The inherent and inalienable dignity, conferred on the person from the moment of conception, shall be a source of freedoms and rights of persons and citizens. It shall be inviolable; the respect and protection thereof shall be the obligation of public authorities'. From the rejection of the proposals it is difficult to draw conclusions that are vital for interpretation of the existing provisions. However, a conclusion that the intention of the authors of the constitution was not to strengthen the constitutional protection of life is not legitimate, mostly because of their doubts about formal correctness of the proposed amendments (when deciding to reject them), particularly the doubts about legal consequences of their adoption.
7
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'HIPPOCRATIC OATH': IS THE PROHIBITION AGAINST EUTHANASIA STILL IN FORCE?

80%
Niebroj L. T.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
|
2007
|
issue 8
5-13
EN
Legalization of euthanasia in several countries and attempts to introduce permissive law in this issue in other countries (including Poland) have made that euthanasia has been one of the most hotly debated bioethics and health policy issues of the past decade. In discussions about moral unacceptability of euthanasia, its opponents refer to the authority of Hippocrates and, in particular, to the famous oath which is ascribed to him. This article aims to find out if at all and in how degree such references are justified or, speaking more precisely, in which meanings attributed to the phrase 'Hippocratic medicine' it could be said that the prohibition against euthanasia exists and is still in force. In this article, three main meanings of 'Hippocratic medicine/ethics' are indicated, i.e.: (1) as a medicine which is aware of its moral responsibility; (2) as a medicine which has its background in Christian ethics, and (3) as a medicine known from works of a historic Hippocrates or of an unknown author of the 'Hippocratic oath'. Considerations undertaken in this article permit us to sustain the thesis that the prohibition against euthanasia exists and is in force in the second of the indicated before meanings and only in this one.
8

MORALITY OF EUTHANASIA

80%
Greif A.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2019
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vol. 26
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issue 4
612 - 634
EN
In this paper, I defend the view that the requested euthanasia of adults is morally permissible and should be legalised; I use an argument from analogy which compares physician-assisted euthanasia with morally less ambiguous and, in my opinion, an acceptable instance of mercy killing. I also respond to several objections that either tries to prove that the instance of mercy killing is not acceptable, or that there is a fundamental difference between these two cases of killing. Furthermore, in the remainder of the paper I defend the moral permissibility and legalisation of euthanasia against several objections that appeared in local disputes on this issue, based on the concepts of the limits of freedom, the slippery slope, and the needlessness of euthanasia.
9
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BOGUSLAW WOLNIEWICZ'S STANDPOINT ON THE ISSUE OF EUTHANASIA (Stanowisko Boguslawa Wolniewicza w kwestii eutanazji)

80%
Smakulska J.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
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2009
|
vol. 10
45-61
EN
In the article, the author discusses a Polish philosopher Boguslaw Wolniewicz's standpoint on the issue of euthanasia. On the one hand his standpoint is convergent with moral doctrine of the Church, particularly the Catholic Church, namely by acknowledging that the final criterion of ethical permissibility of a deed is individual conscience. On the other hand the standpoint differs in dissimilar spheres of values to which conscience refers: in Christian doctrine it is a sphere of definite final values set by God while in Boguslaw Wolniewicz's ethics it is a sphere of temporal personal dignity of man.
10

Eutanazja jako fałszywe miłosierdzie

70%
Skreczko A.
Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej
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2012
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vol. 11
135-146
EN
Euthanasis is sometimes perceived as an act of mercy, and this view is also shared by many Christians. They say it is justii ed when it arises due to mercy, love of a neighbour, care and sympathy one feels while looking at the suf erings of a person. That is why it is necessary to distingush euthanasia from mercy. This concerns not only non-believers who do not analyse the issue, but also the Christians who treat the Church’s teaching selectively and are driven by false views. In the title of the article, euthanasia is dei ned as an act of false mercy. The author focuses on the following problems: a) Manipulating terminology concerning the problem, b) Is euthanasia ’good death’? c) The need for the ’imagination of mercy’, d) the proper understanding of mercy in the context of euthanasia.
11

Champion of Bioethics, Euthanasia and Suicide

70%
Sahaj T.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
|
2006
|
vol. 15
|
issue 1(57)
149-167
EN
The paper presents Kotarbinski's views on finality and contingency of human life. The author tries to relate Kotarbinski's philosophical arguments to his personal preferences and opinions in order to offer a better understanding of his idea of 'secular ethics'. The main finding reported in the paper is that Kotarbinski wanted to adopt a position that was thoroughly rational. Consequently he strived to emphasize the importance of human sense of life and the need for a broad conception of liberty.
12

Eutanazja – refleksje psychiatry

61%
Pużyński S.
Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej
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2012
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vol. 11
75-92
EN
The author has analysed people’s attitudes to life, especially in those who show suicidal inclinations, go through crises and suf er from diseases that cause this attitude negative. He stresses the fact that in today’s consumerist society euthanasia may become a cultural norm, as there can be no room for the handicapped and dependent, suf ering from chronic diseases (including mental ones), the people living too long, who can be a burden for their families or public i nances, those whose life is of a ‚low quality’ and unproi table from the social point of view. According to the author, legitimizing euthanasia is a symptom of a crisis of socila policy and contemporary medical science. It violates basic, traditional tandards of a physician’s attitude towards a patient, the principle of coni dence in a physician-patient relations, it blurs the line between medical treatment and murder. A physician, especially psychiatrist, should have the right to refuse to take part in any stage of an action resulting in the death of a patient, and oppose such practices. A proper treatment of depression is an ef ective form of help one may of er the patients suf ering from it and wishing to die.
13

ÚSKALIA EUTÉLIE. K PRÁCI L. BITÓA KNIHA O DOBREJ SMRTI. EUTÉLIA – EUTANÁZIA

61%
Smreková D.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2008
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vol. 63
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issue 9
798-803
EN
The contribution deals with L. Bito's concept of 'euthelia', which was suggested by him as a counterpart to 'euthanasia'. 'Euthelia', contrary to 'euthanasia', puts stress on good, meaningful end of life, free of death fear and anxiety. The originality of Bito's approach is in his trying to see the reflections on good death in the context of the reflections on good life. However, the authoress rejects to include optics of Bito's economical calculus concerning duties into these reflections. In her view the principles of human solidarity and human dignity make it impossible to prefer the concern for the offspring to the concern for the dying person. She argues that it is important to make the concept of the quality of life wide enough to encompass not only healthy and effective persons, but also those in terminal stages of their lives.
14

Sytuacja ludzi starszych we wspólczesnym społeczeństwie

61%
Pikuła N.
Studia Socialia Cracoviensia
|
2010
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issue 1(2)
173-184
EN
Analyzing the situation of the elderly in today’s society it can be seen that flexible modernity as well as changes concerning conditions and lifestyles require from them reinterpretation of patterns of experiencing their old age. They are forced to work out by themselves their own and a more contemporary model of old age. The elderly have to take up a serious challenge that contemporary civilization puts out to them. The article which refers this problem tries to show the situation of the elderly in today’s society.
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