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1

Życie towarzyskie młodzieży szkolnej i akademickiej w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym. Zarys problemu

100%
Magierek E.
Res Historica
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2012
|
issue 34
83-100
EN
The paper presents changes that occurred in social mentality after World War I. It shows the diminishing role of social conventions in social life and the evolution in the approach to children. It presents not only the kinds and forms of play and games suitable for children, high school and university students, but also their role in the process of education. Special attention is paid to the development of social and class consciousness. The article shows differences in the treatment of girls and boys and the changes occurring in this field. It classifies and describes particular kinds of games and social gatherings, and it emphasizes the most important moments in the life of a young man/woman showing his/her gradual entry into the adult world.
2

KAŽDODENNOSŤ V NOVELE MIKULÁŠA ŠTEFANA FERIENČÍKA BRATIA

100%
Palkovičová E.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2021
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vol. 68
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issue 6
691 – 708
EN
The article is concerned with literary representations of everyday life in the novella by the Slovak author Mikuláš Štefan Ferienčík (1825 – 1881) Bratia ([Brothers] 1863). The novella critically addresses Romantic idealism which was at that time – in the 1860s – already perceived as outdated and lacking function and presents the reader with a new type of nationally conscious individual: a family-oriented middle class man, successful in his career and respected by the society. The protagonist of the novella does not understand his national identity as an abstract spiritual value, but makes it a part of everyday situations (during meals, events, in shaping family relationships). By doing so, he also helps build national awareness in other characters in the novella. M. Š. Ferienčík not only offers his readers a practical example of how to combine personal happiness with the imperative of building the national society, but also a new solution to the key problem of Slovak Romanticism – “the embracement of the spirit and matter”. The article draws on the category of everyday life as conceptualised by the American literary scholar Rita Felski. In her view, everyday life is a sphere of human activities characterised by the domestic space, cyclical time and the modality of habit.
3

PHRASEBOOKS AS A SOURCE OF DATA ON THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF BURGHERS IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD (Pomoce do konwersacji jako zrodlo poznania zycia codziennego mieszczanstwa w dobie wczesnonowozytnej)

100%
Fejtova O.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2009
|
vol. 57
|
issue 3-4
387-398
EN
The author compares two early-modern phrasebooks: a German - Czech one and a German - Polish one. The first one was written by Ondrej Klatovski, a Czech humanist and pedagogue, a councillor and mayor of Prague. His book was first printed in 1540 and until the mid 17th c. was reedited 13 times. The other book was written by Nicolaus Volckmar, a language teacher from Gdansk (Danzig). His Viertzig Dialogi [Forty dialogues], written at the turn of the 17th c., was published in 1612 and was reissued at least 22 times until the mid 18th c. Klatovski's phrasebook was addressed to young Czech burghers - artisans and merchants - for whom the knowledge of German was indispensable or highly helpful for professional reasons. Volckmar wrote his dialogues for the young burghers of Gdansk, the largest port in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The native language of his readers was German but the knowledge of Polish was indispensable for merchants and artisans as well as the city councillors. Volckmar's publication was also popular in some other towns of Royal Prussia, in Ducal Prussia and in Silesia; it was reprinted in Torun (Thorn), Królewiec (Konigsberg) and Wroclaw (Breslau), which was motivated by the trade links between those areas and Gdansk. The content of the dialogues in the two books reflects the social consciousness of burghers in the great cities of Central Europe (Prague, Gdansk), both through the choice of topics and through the inclusion of everyday realities. Both phrasebooks include such topics as: the school education of young burghers, travelling as an aspect of education and trade. The last issue is more widely treated by Klatovski, who mentions business trips to such centres as Vienna or Nuremberg. In this respect his phrasebook resembles contemporary guidebooks. The formula of Volckmar's work is wider, closer to traditional humanist dialogues which present human life from birth to death, although the book contains numerous references to the realities of Gdansk.
4
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Inštitúcie a vzťahy Slovákov a Čechov v Londýne

100%
Jencova I.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2009
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vol. 19
|
issue 1
14-22
EN
The theories of transnational migration offer such a form of experience and identities, which is not anchored in the assumed unity of place, culture and identity, touched with ideology. In this sense, the identities of migrants are usually formed in the discourse of nationality; their nationality relations revolve around the loyalty to the nation-state and the imaginary nation-community. The essay points out in which way the institutions and the type of accommodation influence the creation of 'Czechoslovak community' consciousness. The author concentrates on the influence of concrete institutions (accommodation and work agencies, job agencies, websites) because of which the ethnic schemes 'I am Slovak', 'I am Czech' are mobilized only seldom within the concrete environment. For entering into friendly and partner relations, the factors resulting from practical life in a metropolis are more important than the nationality.
5

ON CLAY SMOKING-PIPES IN THE POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH (O glinianych fajkach zlozonych (lulkach) na ziemiach polskich (XVII-XIX w.))

100%
Bis M.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
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2009
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vol. 57
|
issue 2
229-242
EN
The custom of smoking tobacco in pipes was accepted in Poland later than that of taking snuff or chewing tobacco leaves. In Western Europe pipes came into common use during the Thirty Years War. In Poland, according to an account from 1671, they were not popular yet, and were used mainly by soldiers and artisans. In the 18th c., however, pipes were already very popular throughout society, including its elite. Both pipes and snuff were commonly used until cigarettes appeared in the second half of the 19th c. Smokers in old Poland used various kinds of pipes, either consisting of one piece or of three pieces; the latter type was called lulka. In thee-part pipes the three pieces (the bowl, the stem and the mouthpiece) were made separately, usually of different materials. Bowls were usually made of clay, stems - of wood and mouthpieces - of horn. Some pipes were additionally equipped with a string to be hanged on. Poles mostly used three-part clay pipes manufactured in Poland or imported from Bulgaria or Turkey. Short-stem pipes were more handy and could be used while working or travelling; they were also easy to store. Smoking tobacco in long-stem pipes required not only assistance in lighting but also leisure to enjoy it to the full. Therefore long-stem pipes were mostly an attribute of the rich and an object of luxury. Burghers, soldiers and the poor used simple short-stem pipes. Pipe bowls increased as the production of tobacco grew and its price fell. An analysis of pipes in terms of origin, construction and production technology can provide data on the directions of cultural influence and trade links in old Poland, as well as on the popularization of certain smoking routines. Issues connected with three-part clay pipes - their construction, production or origin - have been tackled only marginally in some Polish publications. No attention has been devoted to terminology, which is used imprecisely in the Polish literature of the subject.Most Polish terms referring to smoking accessories (lulka, cybuch, antypka, kapciuch, stambulka) have Oriental etymology. This might suggest that Eastern models had a decisive influence on accepting pipes in Poland. On the other hand, terms such as fajka, munsztuk and pipka point to the Western origin of the phenomenon. The origin of clay pipes is usually difficult to establish. Most specimen are not marked and have no ornaments that could be helpful in dating. Only Turkish pipes, which have a characteristic shape and are sometimes marked with the producer's sign, are easier to identify. Between the 17th and 19th c. three-part pipes were probably manufactured in twelve places in the Commonwealth: Alwernia, Biecz, Brzozow, Gdansk, Gliniany, Glinsk, Mrzyglod, Rabka, Staszów, Vilnius and Warsaw. This has been confirmed by numerous finds of pipes in the town of Biecz and the remains of pottery workshops discovered in Warsaw and Vilnius. With only spoken evidence available, it is difficult to be sure about the production of pipes in Gdansk. The existence of a workshop in Staszów is confirmed by signed pipe bowls found in various archaeological sites, e.g. in Tykocin and Warsaw. Pipes and their fragments have been found in various Ukrainian towns, e.g. in Zolkiew and Kiev, which confirms that their manufacture was undertaken in the 19th c in Glinsk. To confirm the production of clay pipes in the remaining places mentioned, as well as in towns missing from the above list, it is necessary to undertake historical and archaeological research which could supply data on the development of pipe-making craft in a given area.
6

KATHARINE HABSBURG'S LADIES' STAY IN POLAND IN THE LIGHT OF RACHUNKI POSELSTW FROM 1553 (Pobyt w Polsce dam dworu Katarzyny Habsburg, trzeciej zony Zygmunta Augusta, w swietle Rachunkow poselstw z 1553 roku)

100%
Sypek K.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
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2009
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vol. 57
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issue 2
171-182
EN
The time between the 29th and 31st July 1553 saw the celebration of the wedding of Sigismund Augustus and Katharine Habsburg. The bride was accompanied by ladies-in-waiting, Cecilia Trautmensdorffer and mistresses Weispruch, Eincigen and Beglin, of unknown first names, who came to Poland especially for that occasion. Their stay is documented by Rachunki poselstw (Envoys' Accounts). This source is a record of daily expenses connected with the visits of foreign envoys and their entourage in Poland; it covers the period from 1538 to 1793. In connection with the stay of the above-mentioned ladies the accounts mention both the food that was bought for them and the way of serving it. The list includes for instance roast meat, meat soups with groats or peas, capon broth and roast geese stuffed with apples and pears. We can also learn what beverages were served to the ladies, starting from beer, through various wines, including muscatel and malmsey, to mead. The accounts mention spices and other imported goods, such as pepper, cinnamon, ginger, olives, capers and rice. Apart from food the ladies were provided with various utensils, including dishes, cutlery and expensive 'Venetian glasses'. The accounts also specify the remuneration for services, such as washing the linen or cooking. Some more unusual expenses are also listed, for instance payment for schoolboys who sang in an inn, for feeding the dogs brought by one of the ladies or for the treatment of a lame horse. The accounts also mention the itinerary of Cecilia Trautmensdorffer, who followed the newly-wed couple from Cracow to Knyszyn. The record of accounts documenting the ladies' stay in Poland shows that Rachunki poselstw is a valuable source which can shed new light on many aspects of the history of daily life.
7
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Na Dálném východě. Sonda do každodennosti československých legií v Rusku

100%
Vacha D.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2011
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vol. 21
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issue 3
181-191
EN
The essay focuses on Czechoslovak volunteer corps in Russia in the days after the end of World War I. The main aim of the text is to demonstrate the soldiers' perception of the Russian Far East regions. The introductory part discusses the existing sources and topics connected with the topic of everyday life in the war. The main part of the text outlines several factors connected with the soldiers' stay in the Russian Far East regions: the architecture, languages, and everyday life of local townsfolk or peasants (clothes, boarding, hygiene, festivities etc.) or the soldiers´ relationship with local women (including Japanese prostitutes in Vladivostok). It was businesspersons, rickshaws, acrobats and prostitutes, whom the Czechoslovak legionnaires used to meet, so those occupations are understood in the diaries and memories as to be typical for the corresponding region. Czechoslovaks also met a lot of Japanese soldiers whose regiments garrisoned in the Vladivostok and the Baikal regions. Some of the records show a great soldiers' interest in foreign destinations, cultures, and customs. However, it is not to be omitted that there was a war raging all around the Czechoslovak distinctive soldiers-tourists for the entire time of their exploring the Far East.
8

FOOD AND OTHER MATTERS. THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF CENTRAL EUROPE IN EARLY MODERN LANGUAGE AIDS (Jedzenie oraz inne sprawy. Codziennosc Europy Srodkowej we wczesnonowozytnych rozmówkach do nauki jezyków obcych)

100%
Klonder A.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
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2011
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vol. 59
|
issue 1
41-52
EN
Since Antiquity the acquisition of communicative skills in foreign languages has been aided by the use of bilingual or multilingual phrasebooks with exemplary dialogues. Phrasebooks were also commonly used in the early modern era. The author surveys the best known publications of this type, including Erasmus's Familiarum colloqiarum formulae and the works of his imitators and continuators. The authors of well-known Latin, French, German, Dutch and Czech phrasebooks were, among others, Petrus Apherdianus, Ondrej Klatovski, Marthurin Cordier (the 16th c.) and Philippe Garnier (the 17th c.). Against this background the author analyses German-Polish phrasebooks from the 16th -18th c. Their compilers (including Nicolaus Volckmar, Jeremias Rotter, Matthias Gutthäter-Dobracki, Johan Ernesti, Jan Moneta) lived in Silesia and Royal or Ducal Prussia. Also the users usually came for the borderland areas where both Polish and German were in common use. Phrasebooks, both those published in Western Europe and those issued in Gdansk (Danzig) or Wroclaw (Breslau), usually covered a certain conventional list of topics. Those included food and table manners, health and hygiene, travelling and trade (especially in the area of food, clothing and textiles). Much space is devoted to presenting everyday life and school situations. Larger phrasebooks include dialogues concerning farming or crafts, and finally some existential topics, such as birth, death, religion, war and peace. The picture captured by phrasebooks, usually rooted in the realities of the author's country or town, provides material for comparing the situation in various parts of Europe. Among the above-mentioned topics the author focuses on the data on food, concluding that Polish-German phrasebooks provide the fullest description of the eating habits and table manners of the affluent inhabitants of large cities (Gdansk, Wroclaw). Secondly, they contain many interesting details about the culinary preferences of the gentry, poorer burghers and rich peasants. Regional cuisine, however, is very poorly represented.
9

Audialny wymiar codzienności. O celowości badania audiosfery przestrzeni domowej

100%
Janiak A.
Prace Kulturoznawcze
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2012
|
vol. 13
19-97
EN
The aim of this article is to briefly present the research project of examining the audial dimension of everyday life. The research would remain within the field of audio anthropology — a trend in anthropology which constitutes an attempt to understand the human individual on the basis of the sounds they are surrounded with and which they produce themselves. The research of the outer space of sound is being carried out all around the world, including Poland. The author of the article suggests completing the research with the examination of the internal, domestic and private space. The proposed study would concern the manner of perception and valorization of the space which allow to answer the question of how a person perceives and assesses the domestic space through the use of the sound. The audio research of domestic space enables achieving cognitive, academic and social objectives such as protection of significant sounds of cultural importance.
10

A NUNNERY IN THE SOCIETY OF THE BAROQUE ERA. THE LIFE OF POZNAN BENEDICTINE NUNS IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR CHRONICLES (17TH - 18TH C.) (Polish title below)

100%
Bogucka M.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
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2009
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vol. 57
|
issue 2
183-191
EN
(Polish title: Klasztor zenski w spoleczenstwie doby baroku. Z zycia codziennego benedyktynek poznanskich w swietle ich wlasnych kronik (XVII-XVIII w.) Research on the history of religious orders in mediaeval and modern Europe indicates that monasteries and nunneries were not entirely separated from secular life. They were centres of farming, craft and culture; they often had political influence. The article explores the position of a nunnery in the Polish society of the baroque era against the European background. The research is based on the chronicles of Poznan Benedictine nuns from the 17th - 18th c. The chronicles cover the times when after the Council of Trent the rules of enclosure were toughened and extended to all nunneries. This made their functioning and daily life more difficult. It seems that the relationships between the Poznan Benedictines and the Church hierarchy (bishops, confessors) were sometimes troubled. Contrary to expectations, the chronicles do not show the nunnery as a quiet place: there are rumours, denunciations, intrigues and conflicts caused by personality clashes. Such problems could not be overcome by severe penance and punishment. The nunnery was not free of the deeply-rooted idea of class privileges. The nuns coming from magnate families thought they could do things forbidden to others. The Benedictines shared interest in economic matters with the lay women of the epoch, which was troubled with wars, epidemics and natural disasters. The chronicles abound in details connected with water and food supplies, the use of the nunnery's moderate income and the management of its estates. The everyday life problems of the nunnery were not much different from the everyday life problems of local gentry. Despite the enclosure, nuns often left the nunnery because of epidemics or to visit relatives, while the nunnery was often visited by lay ladies, who stayed there for family or health reasons. Another link between the nunnery and the lay society was the shared religiousness of the epoch, including such elements as the belief in a connection between the world of the dead and of the living, in the devil's interference with events, in witches, witchcraft, dreams and visions. The chronicles do not allow us to fully reconstruct the mentality of nuns or their everyday life. They have not recorded the content of meditations and contemplations or information on forms of prayer and recreation. Nevertheless, the record gives us a picture of nuns functioning in a way typical of the daily life of the epoch and mentally rooted in the Polish baroque era. Despite the enclosure the Poznan Benedictines were affected by society's concerns and troubles, such as epidemics, wars and economic disturbances following from a crisis in agriculture and monetary problems. Although the life of the Polish nun differed from the life of the laity and her religiousness was more intense, she was still part of the baroque culture. Contrary to the theoretical assumptions of the model, the nunnery and the outer world were closely connected as elements of the same reality.
11

THROUGH EVERY-DAY LIFE HISTORY TO WOMEN'S HISTORY. ON CONTEMPORARY WOMEN'S HISTORIOGRAPHY

100%
Stanczak-Wislicz K.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
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2005
|
vol. 49
|
issue 2
135-150
EN
The essential aim of this article is to present the progress in research of the contemporary Polish feminist historiography and problems which it faces. It was the feminist movement and progress of emancipation which resulted in the increasing interest in women's history. In fact, there were a few works concerning history of women in the Polish historiography in the 19th century, but they focused on exceptional personalities: queens, saints, women from the noble families. Moreover, the impact of the romantic historiography coping with the national questions simplified the image of a woman, showing her as the heroic Polish Mother. Everyday life of ordinary women remained outside the terms of scientific debate. However, as the consequence of the historical construction of two separate spheres, public and private, women's activity had been restricted to the domestic and personal, everyday life. In connection with this, historians are short of written sources left by women. Lucja Charewiczowa in 1938 was the first to make demand for research on the history of ordinary women, their everyday activities. Contemporary feminist historians see everyday life as the main domain of their interest. They emphasize the importance of research on household, family life, consumption and the culture of everyday life. At the same time, they put stress on the necessity of including the history of women to the main 'universal' historiography. Meanwhile, universal historiography shows increasing interest in history of everyday life, cultural history and comprehensive social history, thus incorporating the research field of history of women, its methods and results.
12
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Proměny ve stravovacích zvyklostech na území Velkých Żuław ve 20. století

88%
Drozdz A.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2009
|
vol. 19
|
issue 3
185-190
EN
The essay deals with the issues of a battle against hunger, especially against the fear of starvation, as well as with the fact how the people learned to live in a foreign territory, which role the food played during adaptation to the new life situations and how the eating habits determined the regional identity. The field research was done in the region of Greater Zulawy (Poland) based on a questionnaire devoted to the issues concerning culinary traditions and habits linked to food and dining. The received material showed the importance of food in the course of settling into the foreign surroundings, distinguishing two stages: 1. the importance of food at the not-standard time, i.e. in the first years after the arrival at the new place; 2. the importance of food at the standard time, i.e. in the years of stabilization (approximately since the 1950s until 2008). It has been proven that the culinary traditions and eating habits cannot by analyzed separately, out of the unit (thus out of the other items of the culture). The changes in social structure, or the confrontation with new behaviour models and with other traditions are reflected in eating standards. They become mostly evident as a change and a decline. These processes are particularly obvious when confronting different cultures and in extraordinary situations - e.g. in war.
13
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Každodenní život, denní mobilita a adaptační strategie obyvatel v periferních lokalitách

75%
Temelová J., Novák J., Pospíšilová L., Dvořáková V.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
|
2011
|
vol. 47
|
issue 4
831–858
EN
The availability of labour, education, services and transportation significantly infl uences the quality of life in urban and rural areas. The supply of job opportunities and services is not suffi cient in rural and peripheral villages and particularly young and well-educated people often respond by migrating. The people who remain cope with the problems of accessibility by various commuting methods. However, the poor supply of jobs and social infrastructure may be a source of considerable problems for less mobile people trying to satisfy basic needs. This article employs in-depth case study research to evaluate the daily mobility of people in peripheral municipalities in Western Bohemia. It aims to identify the problems and barriers in the everyday life of the local population and to identify forms of daily mobility related to work and service provision. It evaluates how the lack of job opportunities and basic civic amenities infl uences the everyday strategies that people adopt to cope with the spatial mismatch between the place of residence and the place where jobs and services are located. The daily mobility and strategies of people living in municipalities are set in the context of post-communist changes in commuting behaviour. Theoretically and methodologically the article draws on the strong tradition of time geography.
14
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CENTRAL EUROPEAN IDENTITY OF POLAND AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC IN THE LIGHT OF THE OPINIONS OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE CZECH–POLISH BORDERLAND AND IN THE RELEVANT LITERATURE (Polish title below)

75%
Debicki M.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
|
2010
|
issue 37
137-148
EN
(Polish title: Srodkowoeuropejskosc Polski i Czech w swietle opinii mieszkancow pogranicza czesko-polskiego oraz literatury przedmiotu) Although the question of the very existence of Central Europe was not discussed in the article, it was assumed that there is still some space for this category to appear. The core of the text was based on the results of the research which showed that the Czechs living in the Czech-Polish borderland perceive their country as a bit more Central European than Poland. Thus the article is an attempt to explain the reasons of such an attitude. They include the past, i.e., first of all, geopolitical orientation of both states over centuries, resulting in different cultural patterns acquired by both societies, as well as the present times which seem to reflect at least some of these differences. The analysis is enriched with some observations made by other authors, including their opinions on the ways in which the Czech-Polish relations were presented in the Czech history coursebooks of the 1990s. One of the most significant conclusions is that Poland and Poles are seen by the Czechs rather as a ‘Western' nation when it comes to the arts or literature, and rather as an ‘Eastern' nation when it comes to everyday life. It was also argued that the difference in the degree of Central European identity of both countries does not seem to be big enough to ‘exclude' Poland from this category, yet sufficient to be signalled by the respondents.
15

Cas a televize: Ctyri aspekty casove organizace televizniho vysilani a kazdodenniho zivota

51%
Sebes M.
Communication Today
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2010
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vol. 1
|
issue 2
70-80
EN
This paper deals with the relationship between television and everyday life in modern society. The author pays attention to four aspects of organization of television time: emphasis on the present moment, articulation of clock time, temporal regularity and orientation towards temporal structures of everydayness. The paper tries to show to what degree temporal structures of television broadcasting correlate with time experience of modern society members and how they are interwoven with temporal structures of everyday life of audience.
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