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EN
Classification methods are recognised as useful tool for bankruptcy prediction. Among them the most popular are: linear discriminant function, Logit model, neural network and classification tree. The ideas and basic formulas of these methods are presented in the paper. Some examples of application those procedures, which were published in world and Polish literature, are mentioned in the following parts of the paper. Some effectiveness conditions of presented methods are discussed. In the conclusion it has been stressed, that the precision of bankruptcy prediction not strictly depend on classification method which has been used. Sources of errors in bankruptcy prediction has been discussed on the end of the paper. Among them important are: valuated character of financial ratios, as an impute variables in such models, problems in samples selection, which usually hasn't random character and unstable character of considered populations. Probability of firms' collapse strongly depends on the stage of business cycle.
XX
Celem badania jest budowa wskaźnika pozwalającego przypisać przedsiębiorstwu prawdopodobieństwo bankructwa. Na podstawie literatury skonstruowano model ekonometryczny, aby sprawdzić, jak wcześnie pojawiają się symptomy upadłości oraz aby zbadać, czy z wyprzedzeniem można wskazać grupę podmiotów zagrożonych bankructwem. Narzędzia umożliwiające wczesne identyfikowanie zagrożeń stanowią szansę wpływania na efektywność przedsiębiorstw. Analizę przeprowadzono za pomocą regresji logistycznej na zmiennych skategoryzowanych przekształconych transformacją WoE (weight of evidence). Zastosowano metody scoringowe pozwalające na podział przedsiębiorstw ze względu na stopień zagrożenia upadłością. Do estymacji wykorzystano dane panelowe pochodzące ze sprawozdań GUS z lat 2001-2010. (fragment tekstu)
EN
The research is based on data from the balance sheet and profit and loss account of Polish enterprises obtained from the Central Statistical Office. Factors were studied which warn against bankruptcy and it was tested how early bankruptcy symptoms appear. The aim of the analysis is the construction of an indicator which allows the company to assign the probability of bankruptcy. The analysis was performed using logistic regression for categorical variables which were transformed by WoE (weight of evidence) transformation. Scoring methods were used, allowing to build evaluation index of a company in the context of its bankruptcy. Among components, the greatest weight in the prediction annual model of bankruptcy was achieved for the indicator of financial costs, allowing to determine the company's ability to pay interest and capital installments. (original abstract)
XX
W artykule podjęto się oceny kondycji finansowej pięciu przedsiębiorstw zlokalizowanych w SSE Euro-Park Mielec za pomocą modeli opartych na analizie dyskryminacyjnej i logitowej (zastosowano 9 modeli) oraz zmodyfikowanej punktowej metody oceny ryzyka kredytowego. Autor podejmuje próbę oceny sytuacji finansowej przedsiębiorstw zlokalizowanych na terenach SSE, jednocześnie dokonuje weryfikacji skuteczności metod analizy finansowej. (fragment tekstu)
EN
This article was an attempt to assess the financial condition of five companies operating in Special Economic Zone Euro-Park Mielec. The assessment was made by the selected discriminatory or logit methods designed for companies operating in Poland and the modified points method of estimating credit risk. The obtained results indicate that all of the analyzed companies are not at risk of bankruptcy, but the used methods are not universal prediction bankruptcy models. Some of them have been prepared for shipping companies. (original abstract)
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