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The expansion of higher education and post-materialistic attitudes to work in Europe: evidence from the European values study

100%
Hubatková B., Doseděl T.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2020
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vol. 56
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issue 6
767-790
EN
The article focuses on the relationship between higher education and post-materialistic attitudes to work, and how it has changed following the recent expansion of systems of higher education in Europe. Using data from the European Values Study on 28 countries with the time frame between 1990 and 2008, the analysis shows that the previously observed link between higher education and post-materialism also applies to work values. Higher-educated Europeans were both more post-materialistic and less materialistic in their work orientations than their lower-educated counterparts. This association was, however, weakened by tertiary expansion. Work-related post-materialism declined with the increasing share of university-educated individuals in the working-age population. Interestingly, so, too, did work-related materialism, yet only until the expansion reached 25%, then it gradually increased. It is suggested that these developments, at least in part, stem from the changing position of higher-educated workers in the labour market.
2
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Trends in divorce acceptance and its correlates across European countries:

100%
Fučík P.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2020
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vol. 56
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issue 6
863-896
EN
This study examines how the public acceptance of divorce has changed in European countries in recent decades. Taking advantage of the large-scale, comparative, and long-run measurement of value orientations in the European Values Study 1981-2017 it focuses on value change connected with divorce in a macro perspective. The article explores the acceptance of divorce in three aspects: 1) it measures and compares the trends in the acceptance of divorce in various European societies between 1981(1991) and 2017 and contrasts these trends with the data on divorce rates in these countries; (2) it explores the consistency/correlation between divorce attitudes and the affinitive value orientations associated in the broader set of values connected with the concept of the deinstitutionalisation of marriage; (3) it looks for the correlates of divorce acceptance and the changes in acceptance over time at the individual level (sex, education, cohort, family background, religiosity). Because of the descriptive nature of the research, no hypotheses are tested. The results show that divorce acceptance is rising over time in all EVS countries, and the acceptance is connected to divorce levels in given societies. Attitudes towards divorce form a consistent set of values together with other marriage deinstitutionalisation indicators. The acceptance of divorce correlates on an individual level with age, education, and religion, but surprisingly there is only weak difference between men and women.
3
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The work ethic and social change in the Czech republic and Slovakia - a modernisation theory perspective:

100%
Kozák M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2020
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vol. 56
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issue 6
741-766
EN
The article investigates long-term trends in the work ethic in the Czech Republic and Slovakia from the perspective of modernisation theory. In particular, it examines whether the work ethic in the two culturally similar societies decreased during the years of growing material prosperity and whether this trend originated in intergenerational population replacement. The study uses data from three pooled waves of the European Values Study (EVS) covering the period 1999-2017 to which it applies the linear decomposition technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The results show that, even though the work ethic decreased in the Czech Republic and increased in Slovakia, intergenerational population replacement contributed to its weakening in both countries. Furthermore, the results indicate that the reason this process dominated the overall trend in the Czech Republic but not that in Slovakia may be the historical differences in levels of socioeconomic development and the different paces of population replacement. Finally, tentative evidence in favour of modernisation theory is presented, indicating that population replacement universally contributed to a decrease in the work ethic in all the other European countries with comparable EVS data.
4
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Uogólnione zaufanie i jego instytucjonalne korelaty. Kontekst europejski

72%
Masłyk T.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2021
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issue 3(242)
5-36
PL
Celem artykułu była weryfikacja założenia o istnieniu zależności pomiędzy zaufaniem instytucjonalnym a zaufaniem uogólnionym w krajach europejskich. Zaufanie instytucjonalne analizowano przez pryzmat dwóch wymiarów: zaufania do instytucji reprezentacyjnych i zaufania do instytucji implementacyjnych. Pierwszy wymiar objął oceny zaufania do takich podmiotów jak partie polityczne, parlament i rząd. W wymiarze drugim uwzględniono oceny zaufania do systemu oświaty, policji, urzędów administracji państwowej, systemu ubezpieczeń społecznych, ochrony zdrowia oraz sądownictwa. Dane pochodzące z Europejskiego Sondażu Wartości roku 2017 analizowano wykorzystując hierarchiczne modelowanie liniowe. Dzięki zastosowanej metodzie w modelach statystycznych ujęto zmienne zarówno poziomu indywidualnego, jak i wskaźniki krajowe. Otrzymane wyniki potwierdziły istnienie pozytywnej zależności pomiędzy zaufaniem instytucjonalnym, w jego reprezentacyjnej, jak i implementacyjnej formie, a zaufaniem uogólnionym.
EN
The aim of the article is to verify the assumption that there is a relationship between institutional trust and generalized trust in European countries. Two dimensions of institutional trust were analyzed: trust in representative institutions and trust in implementing institutions. The first dimension included the assessment of trust in such entities as political parties, parliament, and government. The second dimension included the assessment of trust in the education system, police, civil service, social security system, health care system, and judicial system. The hierarchical linear modeling has been applied to analyze the data from the European Values Study (EVS) survey 2017. This method allowed to include both individual-level variables and country indicators in the statistical models. The obtained results confirmed the existence of a positive relationship between institutional trust (in both forms) and generalized trust.
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