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Fatherland (πατρίς) in the writings of Basil of Caesarea

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Przyszychowska M.
Polish Journal of Political Science
|
2019
|
vol. 5
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issue 3
7-27
EN
The notion of fatherland (πατρίς) in the writings of Basil of Caesarea is not so obvious as it seems at a first glance. The term πατρίς acquires different meanings depending on whether it is used without or with the article. The textual analysis of his own writings reveals what Basil considered as his own fatherland. In the writings of certain authorship, Basil uses the noun πατρίς 72 times: without the article πατρίς means a fatherland in general, with the article πατρίς means Cappadocia for Basil. The effect of the research is of major importance for reconstructing the life of Basil and the persons whom he addresses in his letters – among them Eustathius of Sebastea, the famous ascetic of the 4th-century Asia Minor and Basil’s mentor.
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Macrina the Younger - the invented saint

84%
Przyszykowska M.
Studia Pelplińskie
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2018
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vol. 52
323-344
EN
Scholars usually treat writings about Macrina the Younger as sources of information about historical events and persons. In my opinion, all four sources about Macrina were written according to the rules of literary genres that do not have as their objective to report history but have other purposes such as edification, polemics or honouring somebody. In addition to that, Macrina did not appear in many other sources in which she should have been mentioned if she had been an inspirer and leader of monasticism in Pontus. I think that Macrina, as described by Gregory of Nyssa and Gregory of Nazianzus, was invented by them in order to substitute the true inspirer and leader of asceticism in Pontus – Eustathius of Sebastea. 
PL
Badacze zwykle traktują dzieła dotyczące Makryny Młodszej jako skarbnicę informacji na temat historycznych wydarzeń i osób. Moim zdaniem jednak każde z tych czterech pism zostało napisane zgodnie z zasadami gatunków literackich, których celem nie było i nie miało być opisywanie historii, ale które miały zupełnie inne zadania takie jak zachęta moralna, polemika czy uhonorowanie kogoś. Z drugiej strony Makryna Młodsza nie pojawia się w wielu innych źródłach, w których z pewnością zostałaby wspomniana, gdyby rzeczywiście była inspiratorką i liderką monastycyzmu w Poncie. Sądzę, że Makryna opisana przez Grzegorza z Nyssy i Grzegorza z Nazjanzu została przez nich wymyślona po to, by zastąpić prawdziwego inspiratora i lidera ascetyzmu pontyjskiego – Eustacjusza z Sebasty.
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