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The evolution of European Union Preferential Trade Agreements

100%
Nacewska-Twardowska A., University of Lodz
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
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2014
|
vol. 008
EN
Changes which have taken place in recent years in the foreign trade policy of the European Union are quite important and in particular include its attitude towards preferential trade agreements (PTAs). Although the EU’s trade policy history shows that PTAs have been used in the past, only in recent years has their importance increased. The Union is now linked to about 50 different trade liberalizing agreements. With the change of motives for undertaking bilateral negotiations, the spatial extent has also changed. Preferential trade agreements have become one of the primary means of creating the modern foreign trade policy of the European Union.
2

EU as a Highly Competitive Social Market Economy –Goal, Options, and Reality

86%
Šmejkal V., Šaroch S.
Review of Economic Perspectives
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2014
|
vol. 14
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issue 4
393-410
EN
In paragraph 3 of its Article 3, the Treaty on European Union (TEU) requires the EU to go after the goal of a highly competitive social market economy for the first time. It is noticeable in the aforementioned Treaty clause that although it deals with the EU internal market, its authors burdened it with a mission that is far more socially-oriented than market-oriented. However, is „a highly competitive social market econo-my“ of today a meaningful goal and does the EU in its present form have the project and powers to achieve such an objective? The paper is a combination of economic and legal -political analysis through which the authors try to answer three main questions: What is the contemporary meaning of the term “social market economy” in the both economic and EU-law academic theory? Can the EU within the powers conferred to it positively fulfill such an objective, or can it just approach it by weakening the still pre-vailing tendency towards liberalization and deregulation brought about by the construc-tion of the EU internal market and by the promotion of its freedoms?
3
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Modern trends in international economic integration development

86%
Kirillov Y., Pawęta E., Plekhanov Russian University of Economics O. b., University of Lodz
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
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2014
|
vol. 008
EN
The process of the convergence and intensification of interdependencies of individual states is the main trend of the world economy. There has been an increase in scientific and practical interest in international economic integration lately. The authors overview and summarize the theoretical background, main trends and key areas in the field of international economic integration. The most significant regional international agreements are defined.
4

Region Of Southern Africa: International Trade And Global Value Chains

86%
Cieślik E.
Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia
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2014
|
vol. 14
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issue 2
239-258
EN
Integration of Southern Africa has resulted in changes in trade structures and production process across borders. The aim of this article is to present transformations taking place in the structure of trade exchange of the Southern African states (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland, and South Africa) that are members of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), and the position of South Africa in global value chains. South Africa seems to be the group of the most advanced countries in analyzed region. The analysis takes advantage of both the conventional methods of comprehensive study on international trade and the modern indicators and measures examining similarity, concentration or the position of South Africa in global value chains in general and sectoral terms.
5

Two Effects of the European Financial Crisis

72%
Saucedo Acosta E. J., Rullán Rosanis S.
Business Systems Research Journal
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2014
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vol. 5
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issue 2
46-60
EN
Background: The European financial crisis has affected most of the EU member states, and European institutions have had to create new financial instruments to counter the impact. Most effects in the economic and political spheres can be attributed to high unemployment and changes in governments in peripheral countries (Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Romania). Objectives: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the economic and political effects of the European financial crisis in some peripheral countries that have implemented austerity policies. Methods/Approach: The methodology used is mixed: an analysis of the primary economic variables of the selected countries in comparison to those of countries with low-risk premium was performed, and the relation between the bailouts and elections was presented. Results: The exacerbation of the crisis in the Eurozone is mainly due to the high political costs of austerity measures and not the high level of public spending and/or the alternations in the governments of peripheral countries. Conclusions: The European financial crisis is primarily a result of weak economic governance, and its effects are differentiated. The peripheral countries possess the highest rates of unemployment, and there is a higher tendency towards political instability in rescued countries.
6
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Wpływ porozumień handlowych na synchronizację gospodarki meksykańskiej z gospodarką światową

72%
Grabowski W., Stawasz E., Wieloch J., Łódzki U.
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
|
2015
|
vol. 012
PL
W artykule omówiono porozumienia handlowe zawarte między Meksykiem a innymi krajami. Wyniki analizy odpowiedzi na impuls oraz współczynników natychmiastowej quasi-korelacji wskazują na znaczący wzrost synchronizacji meksykańskiego cyklu koniunkturalnego z cyklami krajów rozwiniętych oraz na istotny wzrost wrażliwości gospodarki meksykańskiej na szoki w gospodarce światowej.
EN
In this paper we evaluate the role of trading channels in the transmission of shocks on the basis of the business cycle synchronization between the Mexican and the world economy. In order to evaluate business cycle synchronization, parameters of 2-variate VAR models for GDP growths are estimated. Measures of instantaneous quasi-correlation coefficients are calculated for the period preceding the signing of an agreement and the period of validity of the agreement.
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