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CHANGES IN LABOUR RESOURCES IN INDIVIDUAL FARMING IN THE YEARS 2000-2005

100%
Chmielinski P., Karwat-Wozniak B.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
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2007
|
issue 3(312)
61-80
EN
The aim of the study is to present the changes in the number and social and demographic features of the population connected with farming, as well as to show the specificity and complexity of employment issues in individual farming, and the discussion of changes in relations within the scope of labour force in peasant farming and the influence of hired labour in family farm on the rural labour market. The years 2000-2005 were the period in which farming families limited their own labour effort, although the relations within the scope of labour in individual farms still have remarkably family nature. In general, one can observe small influence of employment possibilities in farms on easing imbalance on the rural labour market as in 2005 individual farming created permanent job possibilities for 30 thousand people and seasonal and temporary jobs for the group of app. 470 thousand people. At that time, the open unemployment rate in Polish farming families may be determined at 369 thousand and the hidden unemployment rate at app. 500 thousand people.
2

A DECADE OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND VERSUS AGRICULTURAL LAW

100%
Kremer E.
Archivum Iuridicum Cracoviense
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2006
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vol. 39-40
83-97
EN
The dissertation concerns the influence of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland (passed on 2 April 1997) on the formation of agricultural law. The two most significant constitutional principles concerning agricultural issues are the systemic principle from Article 23, according to which a family farm is the basis of the agrarian system, and the principle of protection of property and inheritance, included in Article 21. These constitutional principles and their realization in the ordinary legislation are the subject of this dissertation. .
3
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Ochrona gospodarstwa rodzinnego – uwagi de lege lata i de lege ferenda

100%
Kurowska T.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2010
|
vol. 8
14-29
EN
The subject matter of the family farm protection can and should be considered on the ground of 1) provisions of the Constitution of the Polish People’s Republic of 1997 and 2) regulations of common legislation. The first part of the article deals with the notions of the legal character of Article 23 of the Constitution, the notion of property in Article 21 whose character is of political directive and Article 64 of the Constitution whose contents are formed by the citizen’s right to property. The provision of the latter article finds its place with no conflict in the network of the Civil Code notions. Constitutional provisions related to property are concise and are formulated on two planes: subject’s right law (Article 64) and object’s law (Articles 23, 20 and 21). They allow to recognise the existence of other types of property, agricultural property among others, which requires marking its limitations and the scope of protection. The relation of the act on the creation of agricultural system to the provision of Article 23 of the Constitution as well as its other regulations is with respect to the question about the shape of property transformations in agriculture in the conditions of market economy in Poland, where the family farm would be under special protection. The answer may be negative since the act does not meet the prerequisites accepted in its preamble. In the second part of the article there was made an attempt to present legal means of the protection of the family farm de lege ferenda postulating 1) the introduction of new contents of Article 23, the correction of Article 21 ( possibly 64) of the Constitution, 2) the change (broadening) the subject of the act on the creation of agricultural system as well as determining explicitly its place in the provisions of agricultural law and joining legislative activities marked in the ‘Green Book’ in the part on agricultural property turnover, 3) considering the introduction of debt recovery provision, and 4) testamentary distribution, with the reservation of the family farm protection.
4

OWNERS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL FARMS - TYPICAL FORMS OF NON-AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES LAUNCHED BY POLISH FARMERS

100%
Serega Z.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
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2005
|
issue 3(128)Supp
95-107
EN
Work in agriculture requires specific and numerous qualifications but it does not require identical intensity of effort throughout the year. This work has its peak period, a period of a slow-down and standstill. This is the reason why members of family farms and village communities were always engaged in additional jobs. The latter became the source of earning an income in the post-enfranchisement period. At present employment outside agriculture encounters obstacles that have not been expected by farmers. However, the adjustment abilities of the rural population, shaped in the period of industrialization, have allowed it to work out a new model of multi-vocational life. Families owning farms are launching non-agricultural economic activities. Typical forms of such non-agricultural activities are closely connected with the economic system of villages and the resources of their natural environment. Non-agricultural enterprises established by families on their farms are linked by specific ties to their direct environment. Three forms of such ties are possible, namely: structural unification with the system of production of agricultural commodities; functional connection between non-agricultural economic activity and the resources of the natural environment as well as the economic needs of the rural community; and formal ties.
5

Family farm versus industrial farm?

88%
Ferto I., Fogarasi J.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
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2007
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vol. 17
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issue 3-4
38-52
EN
The literature on the agricultural transformation in Central and Eastern European countries usually neglect the investigation of organizational forms in agriculture. This paper is the first to analyze the choice of organization forms in transition agriculture employing transaction cost theory. The analysis is based on Hungarian FAUN data in 2003. In general, our results do not support the theoretical predictions on the choice of farm organization, but confirm the differences in capital level and farm area observed in different farm organizations. The divergence between tbeory and empirics shed light on the importance of further research in explaining farm organizations.
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