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1
Content available remote

FUNCTIONING OF AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE (Funkcjonowanie wiedzy rolniczej)

100%
Krzyworzeka A.
e-mentor
|
2011
|
issue 3 (40)
58-62
EN
Professional knowledge management becomes nowadays a key factor of successful running a farm business. The following article focuses on ways of gathering professional knowledge by modern farmers and its sources as well as on the ways of this knowledge functioning in agriculture. The author concentrates on the ineffectiveness of farmer trainings, collective and local character of agricultural knowledge as well as discusses farmers' traditionalism in their certain activities. The paper is based on the material gathered by the author during her long-lasting ethnographic research conducted from 2004 to 2007 in villages of Zambrów county.
2

Ślady osadnictwa wczesnoneolitycznej ludności kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej w rejonie wsi Ramiszów, pow. wrocławski

100%
Wojciechowski W.
Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2011
|
vol. 53
177-210
EN
The relics of a possible settlement were identified at Ramiszów, site 4, in the course of archaeological excavation made in advance of the construction of expressway S8 linking Wrocław and Warsaw. Excavation was made of SE fragment of a site designated by a scatter of archaeological finds observed during a surface survey, an area of less than 4000 m2. Regrettably, the area available for excavation was restricted by the scope of the road construction project and could not be extended. Despite the relatively large size of the site subjected to exploration only two archaeological features were identified on the western boundary of the trench, suggesting it was the eastern outlying area of a settlement extending more to the west of the excavation. Ceramic finds determined the dating of one of the pits as early medieval (no. 1) and assigned the other pit (no. 20) to the Neolithic age and to the Linear Pottery Culture. Archaeological finds from this second pit are the subject of the present analysis. The 2.24×1.26 m pit survived only in its bottom fragment, as shown by its depth of just 0.24 m, with a fill of dark grey compacted humus. The inventory consisted of 131 pottery fragments and 69 flints. Despite substantial fragmentation of the sherds it was possible to identify nine vessel forms (Fig. 8, 9). It is characteristic that not one of them was a globular vessel typical for the older phases of Linear Pottery Culture; next to a single barrel-shaped form (Fig. 9c) there were only pyriform vessels with a flattened body and marked rim (Fig. 8a-c, f, 9b). Also notable is ornamentation which does not feature the musical notation motif, so typical for the older phases of Linear Pottery Culture. The designs observed on all the decorated sherds (except for the barrel-shaped form) are of Šarka variety, its most representative forms shown in Fig. 8a-g. The ornamentation of the barrel-shaped vessel is also striking, a typical stroke-ornamented design similar to the earliest ornamentation seen on Stroked Pottery Culture ceramics encountered in Lower Silesia in settlements dated to the final stages of Linear Pottery Culture (Skoroszowice, Strachów). All ceramic attributes named here help in dating the pit no. 2, and the settlement to which presumably it belonged, to the final stage of the Linear Pottery Culture, to be more precise - its youngest stadium, phase Šarka, transitional to the Stroked Pottery Culture. The flint inventory is of two varieties: Baltic moraine flint (89.8%) and Jurassic flint from the region of Kraków (10.2%). The series of 59 flints included cores, mostly of splintered piece type, flakes, blades and retouched tools (5 specimens). The pit is interpreted as a waste pit based on the presence of refittings of production waste (Fig. 15 and 16) from the working of cores by its edge. The site under discussion of truly exceptional relevance for the study of the extent of Linear Pottery Culture settlement bordering on the Odra River in Lower Silesia. This is because it is the first evidence, so well-documented by diagnostic ceramic material, of penetration of the areas on the right bank of the Odra, after the people of the said culture had forded the great river in the region where its joined by its tributaries the Oława, the Ślęza and the Bystrzyca. The source area of this group would have been the centre of dense settlement formed between the Oława and the Bystrzyca, with the river Ślęza as its axis. Ties with this region are indicted by some of the technological attributes of the pottery (copious tempering with mica or with coarse quartzite) and finds of Jurassic flint from the region of Kraków, which in settlements of this centre of settlement in southern Silesia is definitely the dominant variety, imported from western Lesser Poland.
3

REFLECTION OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CHANGES AND ADAPTATION OF FARMERS TO TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES IN AGRICULTURE (EXEMPLIFIED BY FARMERS AND WINEGROWERS IN THE TRNAVA DISTRICT) (Slovak title - below)

88%
Novakova K.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2009
|
vol. 57
|
issue 3
348-367
EN
(Title in Slovak - 'Reflexia spolocensko-politickych zmien a adaptacia rolnikov na transformacne procesy v polnohospodarstve (Na priklade rolnikov a vinohradnikov v okrese Trnava)'). The article deals with the changes of basic values held by people working in agriculture under the impact of social and political transformation processes since the middle the 20th century up to the present. During the 20th century farmers and winegrowers formed an overwhelming majority in the local community. Political and social changes in Slovakia brought profoundly different conditions for the existence of the agricultural sector. The article maps the processes of adaptation concerning individual farmers, farmers in agricultural cooperatives and of private enterprisers to the new conditions.
4
Content available remote

Contract Farming And Its Impact On Income And Livelihoods For Small-Scale Farmers: Case Study In Vietnam

75%
Phong Tuan N.
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
|
2012
|
issue 4(26)
147-166
EN
Contract farming has been expected as one of the measures to facilitate participation of farmers in the production of agriculture commercially, adding more values to agricultural produces. Mixed evidence in Vietnam however, has been shown on the well-known ad-vantage of the contract farming to small farmers such as reduce the cost to access to market, accessing credit, obtaining information on market opportunities or new technologies, pur-chasing certain inputs and accessing product markets and reducing price fluctuations. The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of contract farming to farmers and to deter-mine policies to facilitate farmer entry into beneficial contractual relationships. In addition to the literature review, one intensive case study of contract farming practices with commodity was conducted. The results from the study have direct relevance to work of agencies and organizations working to promote the welfare of small holding farmers, either through prac-tical field support or through policy advocacy.
5

VZNIK A VÝVOJ KOLÓNIÍ NA VÝCHODNOM SLOVENSKU V ROKOCH 1918 - 1938

63%
Hrehor H.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2009
|
vol. 12
|
issue 3
-
EN
A special way of the land redistribution - inner colonization existed during the Land reform in Czechoslovakia in 1918-1938. Three colonies were established in the East Slovakia (Velke Kapusany, Streda nad Bodrogom a Botany). People who came to the colonies sought improving their economic position and social situation. They wanted to reach the self-sufficiency for them and their family. Land area which colonists received in colonies through the colonial apportion process was big enough to assure their living only through agricultural activity. At the same time it is necessary to tell that colonists had to pay for land - allocation price. It is expected that the allocation price was high and they spent a lot of money on building or reconstruction of buildings and setting up first up planting. In regard to the amount of allocation price and initial cost it was normal that colonists took loans. But it was not very good solution, because a lot of farmers had problem with repayments. Colonies were established in so called colonial area - the south part of Slovakia. In this area lived mostly Hungarian minority. With the arrival of colonists, who were mainly Czechs and Slovaks, national structure of citizens in villages changed. The different nationality of new-settlers caused that the original villager perceived the colonists as a foreign element. After the Vienna arbitrage the south part of Slovakia was ceded to Hungary, including all three colonies. Many of colonists, with respect to the wave of violence from the Hungarian people, left their homes and returned to Czechoslovakia. After the end of the Second World War, the ceded area was given back to Czechoslovakia, but not all colonists returned back to their former colonies.
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