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1

ANXIETY DISORDERS: COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR (PART) I.

100%
Kallai J.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2007
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vol. 62
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issue 4
523-539
EN
The anxiety disorders can be treated efficiently by several psychotherapeutic methods. The suggested treatment protocol underlines the importance of the good fitting to the personal demands and the suitable combination of medication and psychotherapy. The qualitative and quantitative parameters of the input-output system of psychological therapies are verified by scientific methods. The progression of neurosciences revealed the mechanisms of basic cognitive disorders in the etiology of biopsychosocial psychological disorders that provide a continuous challenge for the psychotherapy as well. Notwithstanding this, most psychotherapists avoid the scientific discussion and the psychotherapy marches out from the clinical sciences and makes preparations for to live in a scientific diaspora. It is not to be questioned that the reasons of this exodus originated from organizational and financial problems, but the repeated mentioning of these problems cannot be deputy of the creative discussion between the neuroscientists and psychotherapists. It seems to have a correct professional language that can be replay to the new challenges in the diagnostic and therapeutic processes of psychotherapy. The study presented here surveys these areas and demonstrates some new concepts and lines of thought to enlarge the vocabulary of psychotherapy and neurosciences to understand each other.
2

FEAR OF CRIME, SECURITY PERCEPTION AND PREVENTIVE BEHAVIOUR

100%
Kentoš M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2018
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vol. 21
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issue 2
47 – 55
EN
The presented study analyses the social and personal predictors of the perception of safety, as a cognitive-emotional image of safety conditions in a defined living space of an individual. There is no consensus on the definition and measurement of security as a dependent variable. Particular tools are used to monitor the risk of victimization, fear of crime and preventive behavior. The aim of the study is to analyse the effect of vulnerability, victimization and contextual variables (ethnic threat, neighborhood issues) on the security perception, fear of crime, and preventive behavior in Slovakia. The second goal was to verify the impact of other psychological constructs – the need for structure, self-control, and conservatism – on these dependent variables. The results of the study confirmed a different structure of the predictors of security perception, fear of crime, as well as preventive behavior. Almost all the traditionally studied predictors were significant for the security perception. It has been confirmed that vulnerable groups, particularly women, the elderly, respondents from larger cities, and the victimized are more likely to have a lower level of security perception; which corresponds to a number of findings that repeatedly confirm the significant impact of the vulnerability factors on the security perception. Preventive behavior in this context appears to be a significantly different construct as compared to the security perception and fear of crime. The question of the impact of other psychological constructs on the preventive behavior remains open.
3

Helplessness is the Most Terrifying Thing of all

100%
Zwierzchowski P.
Kwartalnik Filmowy
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2008
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issue 61
184-199
EN
Krzysztof Krauze's 'Debt' (Dlug, 1991) and Michael Haneke 'Funny Games' (1997) describe, using various poetic devices, the fears of a modern man. He is helpless against threat and danger, and in extreme situations, he may face either death or criminal violence. The helplessness of both characters and viewers is terrifying due to two reasons. The feeling of one's own helplessness is never something pleasant. People of the twentieth century were long convinced about their own subjectivity and autonomy. 'Debt' and 'Funny Games' make it clear, that the power we have over our own destiny is much more limited. They do no talk about existential fears of the soul, of war or catastrophes, or of the apocalypse. They show however, that we came to fear everyday world, because we are not ready to face it, when we become trapped and oppressed by it.
4

FEAR OF PAIN: POLISH VERSION OF FPQ-III QUESTIONNAIRE AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON ITS PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES

100%
Luszczynska A., Cieslak R.
Psychological Studies
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2005
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vol. 43
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issue 2
75-82
EN
Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FPQ-III) is a self-report measure designed to assess fears about pain across three pain dimensions: severe, minor and medical. The objective of the study was to develop a Polish version of FPQ-III and to examine its psychometric properties. The data were collected among 338 individuals (59% women), aged from 16 to 65. The results confirm that FPQ-III is internally consistent and stable measure of fear of pain and its dimensions. The results of confirmatory factor analysis suggested good fit of the three-factor model. To test the criterion validity, correlation analyses between anxiety, passive coping with pain, self-efficacy, pain intensity and fear of pain were performed. Preliminary results yielded that the Polish version of FPQ-III questionnaire might be a viable and reliable measure.
5

Leki psychotropowe drogą do zrozumienia połączenia między umysłem a mózgiem

88%
Murawiec S.
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
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2010
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vol. 46
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issue 2
87-104
EN
The paper presents current scientific literature review concerning effect of psychotropic medication on highly integrated functions of brain and mind on biological and psychological levels. The effects of medication is not mechanistic but is dependent on psychological and social aspects of situation of the individual person under treatment. After it's administration the dynamic interplay between different psychological and biological processes occur. The review of neurobiological aspects of placebo effects, action of antidepressants on emotional information processing and anxiolytics on fear processing is presented. The paper presents also the theory of psychosis as a state of aberrant salience and the action of antipsychotic drugs in the context of dampening of excessive salience. The results of this research and theories show how complex are mechanism of psychotropic medication influences on human mind.
6

Тело и душа как объекты инициации (по роману Олега Постнова)

88%
Pudowa T.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
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2011
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vol. 153
423-432
EN
The article analyses a meeting of protagonists in the childhood in Fear novel. This meeting has determined their further life. The author has concentrated on the boy and the girl’s maturing as well as on relations between flesh and soul. Disharmony between K***’s flesh and soul becomes the reason of his fears and neurasthenia. As a result, such a condition of his mind leads to his suicide. The author of the novel compares the life of the protagonist to such writers as E.A. Poe, S. Kierkegaard, and N. Gogol. (There are a lot of quotations, allusions, reminiscences from Gogol’s Vij and Terrible revenge in the novel.) They are typologically very similar: all of them are alone, reserved, not understood by the environment, prone to depression, and aware of their own psychological non-standard. Writers to whom the author appeals, could direct overflowing energy to a creative channel at a certain stage of their life. Unlike them, energy of Postnov’s protagonists has been directed exclusively to self-damage.
7

IRRATIONALITY AND MANIFESTATIONS OF FEAR AND ANXIETY IN A SAMPLE OF SLOVAK ADOLESCENTS

88%
Kordacova J.
Studia Psychologica
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2003
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vol. 45
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issue 4
345-355
EN
The present study had for aim to assess how far the measure of irrational beliefs corresponds with selected types of fear and anxiety in a sample of secondary school students (N = 115). Two original Slovak scales were used: The Scale of Classical Fears and Stage Fright, Social situational fears (KSAT) and the Scale of Irrational Beliefs (IPA). The highest number of significant relations between irrationality and anxiety was noted with the factor of irrational idealization and anxiety. Idealization positively corresponded with the total KSAT scores as also with all the forms of fear. Perfectionism was related to the overall level of anxiety, and specifically to stage fright with which also corresponded irrationally-tinged negative expectations and the overall measure of irrationality. The latter was also related to experiencing of fear in social situations. The results vary in dependence on subjects' gender and are discussed also within the conceptual framework of the rational-emotive behavioral theory (REBT).
8

ON THE CONCEPTUALISATION OF NEGATIVE EMOTIONS BELONGING TO THE DOMAIN OF FEAR

88%
Banczerowski J.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
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2005
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vol. 129
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issue 2
202-209
EN
Talking about feelings expresses the ways of experiencing emotions - and acting or behaving in accordance with them - that are conventionally associated with them in the given culture. Negative emotions belonging to the domain of fear (alarm, anguish, anxiety, concern, consternation, dread, excitement, fright, horror, panic, scare, shudder, terror, tremble) are often conceptualised in Hungarian as a force paralysing human body, as a container [into which emotions get as a substance (movement in), in which they are contained, and out of which they emerge (movement out)], as a liquid substance, as a gaseous substance, as an enemy, as a dominator (occupier), as an animate being (man, beast, bird), as a building, as a mirror, or as a positive force.
9

Skąd ten lęk przed wolnością?

75%
Buda S.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2011
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vol. 39
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issue 3
35-56
EN
When we ask about freedom in the most basic sense, we must turn to the primordial conditions of our volition. My will is born as forestalling a fellow human being’s gradual sinking in my inside. My primary challenge is a continuous struggle for self-improvement as well as making myself worthy of his trust. This, in turn, requires trust in his infinite value to endlessly bear him witness. The Creative Act consists the Creator’s in putting faith in his creature – a human being. It is the Creator who calls out of my depth for absolute entrusting a fellow human being and thus himself. Therefore, my actions and behaviour also affect him to some extent. The Creator’s faith in my person must be understood as an infinite love. And honestly, the notion of infinitive love is one for which I begin to fear. My anxiety becomes a part of the Creator’s. This is his fear of my fear, the fear which belongs to me as to a finite creature, and the fear of being paralysed by the infinite extent of his infinite love. The fear of the infinite Creator who puts his faith in a finite creature must be infinite. By trusting the Creator I begin to sense his love and his fear of my anxiety. Then his fear becomes my fear which turns out to be infinite as the fear of an infinite creature who trusts an infinite Creator also has to be infinite.
10
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Niestymulująca tradycja. Wpływ temperamentu na preferencje w sztuce

75%
Rządkowska J., Paracka A., Frankowska N.
Avant
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2010
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
This study examined the effect of temperament on preferences for painted artwork. Our preferences are determined by different personality traits. The study presented here was a replication of the current study of Terror Management Theory (TMT) with the structures of temperament as individual differences. The results showed significant differences in preferences for traditional and modern art, depending on the degree of harmonization of the temperamental structures. Sanguines and melancholics in the no fear condition evaluated modern art most highly, however in the fear condition they evaluated traditional art most highly. This effect confirms the importance of individual differences and the situational variability of preferences in art.
11
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Zagadka miłości Anny Kareniny (próba analizy egzystencjalnej)

75%
Jakubowski J.
Filo-Sofija
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2012
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vol. 12
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issue 3(18)
145-166
EN
The article aims to interpret Anna Karenina’s love from the perspective of generally understood existential philosophy. The article’s leitmotif is related to the sources of Anna’s unhappiness within the role of a mistress. Her affection appears to be a puzzle, as the unhappy trait of her feeling is impossible to be explained with the mere help of a cliché: the lovers yearn to be together, but they are hampered by external circumstances. The unhappiness in Anna’s love results from the internal, not external, reasons. Anna fears that she may lose the devotion of her Beloved, and that very fear shows itself as no less than an obscured existential anxiety. However much effort Anna makes to veil the anxiety felt with the love towards Count Vronsky, she cannot succeed, for she fails to realize that both phenomena, the love to Vronsky and the anxiety, are entangled in the question „who am I?” concerning the issue of personal identity. Anna does not understand that as long as she does not face the question, it will be difficult for her to release her mind from the distractive experience of the continual recurrence of the anxiety in the background of her love towards Vronsky.
12
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Tam, gdzie czai się zło. Przestrzeń w horrorze jako mechanizm budzenia strachu

75%
Kubicka H.
Literatura i Kultura Popularna
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2010
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vol. 16
71-89
EN
The paper is an attempt to describe the space presented in horror genre as one of the major mechanism of fear. Although space appears in many different forms there (e.g. a haunted house, a cemetery, a mental hospital, woods, a village), we may notice some common features in these spatial motives, which allow us to select and create a universal model of the terror space. Among the most common themes there are, inter alia, unusual look of an evil place, strange vegetation or animals around the place or isolation from the outside world. It is also important to note the everrecurring metaphorical images, like a figure of a labyrinth, or some kind of animization of the space. An analysis of the common spatial themes is based on the examples from literature and film.
13

ANXIETY DISORDERS: COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS FOR DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR (PART) II.

75%
Kallai J.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2008
|
vol. 63
|
issue 2
291-310
EN
The biopsychological nature of anxiety disorders supports the idea that anxiety is not a production of disordered brain but an interpersonal disorder that has an influence on the neural networks which help the subjects to feel the pleasures and dangers, and to recognize the essence of human relations. On the other side the experimental data indicate that the biological changes in the brain (sex and stress hormones, neurotransmitters) prepare interpersonal disorders and their long term presence. The discussion via the analyses of the organization of defense behavior propounds the nature of the mentioned biopsychological interaction and proposes open questions to assist for the development of new ideas and assessment tools for the clinical psychology practice. The cognitive neuropsychological mechanisms of fear and anxiety, the sensitivity to reward and punishment, behavioral inhibition phenomena and the vulnerability to anxiety are discussed. The demonstrated mechanisms serve as an opportunity to build up a bridge between psychological experiences and their biological constitution.
14
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Niebezpieczne rozrywki. Motyw gry w zbiorze opowiadań Sępy Roberta Cichowlasa i Jacka M. Rostockiego

63%
Olkusz K.
Literatura i Kultura Popularna
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2011
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vol. 17
99-111
EN
This paper deals with the motif of game in Sępy, a collection of short stories by Robert Cichowlas and Jacek M. Rostocki. Among the chief characteristics of those stories is their multiple reality perceived by the protagonists as having various levels and dimensions. The ambiguity of the world’s identity is brought on by the clash between the real and the virtual — which points out to the authors’ interest in the relations between the real world and the imagined one. The games presented in the stories tend to impair the protagonists’ perception, making them incapable of proper assessment of the actual situation, which brings about their physical destruction or moral defeat. Here the convention of horror fantasy turns out a useful tool for the creation of the atmosphere of an inconsistent world, resulting in a cognitive dissonance. The game motif’s function is to make the atmosphere of danger and uncertainty of the world’s real nature. The authors also draw on technological and metaphysical fears, which sets their stories in the modern social-moral context.
15
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W japońskim kręgu zła. O powieści Ring Kojiego Suzukiego

51%
Olkusz K.
Literatura i Kultura Popularna
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2010
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vol. 16
113-131
EN
The Ring novel and the subsequent movie gained immense popularity, triggering common interest in Japanese horror. The novel is notable for merging religious themes, usually of Shintoistic, Buddhistic and Shamanistic provenance with element of modern civilization. The author of Ring shows deep interest in important themes prevalent in modern Japanese society, e.g. absence of fathers in the process of upbringing. This alliance of tradition and modernity, common in most genres of contemporary Japanese art is merged by Suzuki with the aesthetics of the horror novel, so the critique of modern Japanese intertwines with traditional story about ghosts and curses. Religious and philosophical elements correspond with the image of the mentality of modern Japanese but they also portray more universal themes (like availability of information, communication and media) and fears (epidemic and pandemic threat). The author also criticizes the way media infl uence people and the world itself, so that the fall of the former media star is more important than her suffering. In this vision such elements of the modern everyday life can transform into the force capable of total obliteration of humankind.
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