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POSTMODERNÉ, KOGNITÍVNE, INTENCIONÁLNE, INŠTRUMENTÁLNE A SEMIO-PRAGMATICKÉ TEÓRIE DOKUMENTÁRNEHO FILMU

100%
Palúch M.
Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)
|
2015
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vol. 63
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issue 4
328 - 337
EN
The author compares and contrasts theoretical approaches which contemporary film theorists and philosophers employ in an effort to capture the essence of non-fiction cinema. He explicates postmodern, cognitive, intentional, instrumental and semio-pragmatic theories of documentary film as we encounter them in the contemporary theoretical reflection, especially in works by Gregory Currie, Noël Carroll, Bill Nichols, David Bordwell, Carl Plantinga, or Roger Odin. Detailed attention is paid especially to three concepts/definitions/approaches to documentary production: Documentary as Indexical Record (Currie), Documentary as Assertion (Carroll) and Asserted Veridical Representation (Plantinga). The study aims to stimulate a discussion of Slovak documentary production that would reflect the current state of thinking about documentary film.
2
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AUTORSKÝ DOKUMENTÁRNY FILM A JEHO VÝVOJOVÉ TENDENCIE V TEORETICKEJ REFLEXII

100%
Palúch M.
Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)
|
2015
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vol. 63
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issue 2
129 - 139
EN
This study defines authorial documentary film from the viewpoint of both domestic and foreign film theory. The author notices significant intergeneric differences especially between live action and documentary film. In historical survey he compares basic characteristics and definitions which have appeared in different developmental stages of film studies. Besides theorists, they have been influenced often also by filmmakers. Their development has been significantly affected also by the technical possibilities and restrictions of the time. Critical theory features a division of films according to objectivity (authenticity) and subjectivity (authorship). This division is present in the functional definition of subgroups, which are taken into account in defining documentary film: a relationship of the medium to reality, the analysis of directorial and authorial approaches, formal and stylistic procedures, the specification of genres, dramaturgical and narratological concepts of a work, and the role of a protagonist in a documentary. The authorial documentary film cannot be understood only as the director’s personal contribution to the film, but an important role is also played by collective authorship or the influence of the whole production crew on the recreation of facts stemming from reality.
3
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FILMOVÝ OBRAZ

100%
Ciel M.
Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)
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2012
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vol. 60
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issue 1
3 – 12
EN
The term image relates to the reference of the film to reality. It is one of the principal areas of the considerations of film theoreticians. The subject of image occurs in the early beginnings of the film theory having been hitherto verified by various speculations. It is about finding the most exact denomination of film in volatile and changing environment and whether is it technological or methodological. History of examination of the image thus replicates history of cinema and allows quite accurate understanding of its perception and the changes of its perception throughout its performance. Many elements of the fundamental characteristics of the image are often repeated by several theoreticians, but there are also many points in which their views differ. Unlike conventional signs, such as words, the film signs in the image do not automatically comprise into chains. They are surrounded by a wide semantic area with the different interpretations in the different cultures and times. How film creates meanings and how and why are we captivated by these meanings – these are the basic questions of a film theory. The film image is a material phenomenon, which objectifies through film ability of reproduction subjective idea of the author´s signs in the image. The chain of communication depends on how the viewer comprehends the meaning. Unlike an abstract art, the film (with the exception of some experiments) must operate with reality. It is important how the film can encode it and make it exceptional. It gives a new or a different view and particularly, sort signs forming the images into the contexts.
4
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ANGAŽOVANOSŤ AUTORA V SOCIÁLNOM DOKUMENTÁRNOM FILME

88%
Palúch M.
Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)
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2015
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vol. 63
|
issue 3
221 - 230
EN
The author of this study seeks an answer to the question what “authorial documentary film” is. He selects examples from the area of social-critical documentary film, especially lower forms of documentation – a weekly and a newsreel. In a historical perspective he follows how directors realized authorial engagement in dealing with documentary themes for a socio-critical purpose. The authorial work is then put into contrast with genre conventions which do not allow the presence of authors’ subjective view in documentary films. In the cases when authors purposefully transcend the conventions of documentary genres, viewers are confronted mainly with a subjective interpretation of facts. This line of reasoning about authorial and genre documentary film has been present in Slovak theory since the 1980s and corresponds with current Western approaches to understanding documentary film, which compare current documentary films to feature films in terms of how they construct narratives. In its conclusion the author of this study proposes dividing any film production to genre and authorial production. The reason is that authorial documentary production goes beyond the objective documentary functions of documentary film and is independent of genre conventions. In addition, its subjective interpretation of themes makes it similar to feature film production.
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