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1
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The  poverty and the power

100%
Umění (Art)
|
2017
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vol. 65
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issue 2
EN
The paper examines the duke’s Boleslaus the Chaste’s patronage for the Franciscans and Poor Clares. Boleslaus reigned in duchies of Cracow and Sandomierz between 1243 and 1279. What was his first significant foundation is double male and female monastery in Zawichost which seems to be strictly modeled on the Franciscan and Clarisian monastery in Prague. Boleslaus established a monastery for his sister Salomea who became first polish Poor Clare just the same as Bohemian king Venceslaus I who founded Prague convent for his sister Agnes. Zawichost, endangered by pagan raids, was quickly abandoned by nuns who moved to new monastery in the uninhabited region of the Prądnik Valley near Cracow. New convent received name the Rock of Saint Mary (Lapis Sanctae Marie) because of which this foundation gained a votive meaning. Boleslaus as a child deprived of his throne by duke Konrad of Masovia, sheltered in castle of Skała (the Rock) erected by Silesian ruler Henry the Bearded.Finally duke and his sister were buried in Franciscan church in Cracow. Friars arrived in this city before Boleslaus gained the throne, however in later tradition duke was regarded as founder of the monastery. Contrary to Zawichost and Skała we know no ducal documents for the Cracow monastery. Despite to long discussion on dating and stratification of the church which probably was finished as late as c. 1300, Boleslaus probably had no influence on its shape and choose it as his burial place rather lately. All in all Boleslaus started a tradition of ducal monasteries which was absent in Lesser Poland before his reign. Order of saint Francis which he choose to support was however a new and representing a new kind of piety; special support for mendicants was up to date with similar actions of the rulers of Bohemia and Hungary.
EN
In 1655 the monastery on St. Anna Mountain, founded by Count Melchior Ferdynand Gaszyna, was taken over by Franciscans–Reformers from Gliwice (the Polish province). In 1662 the Count was also prepared to found the monastery in Olesno and he addressed the administrators of Czech province with a request that the Reformers take over the monastery. The condition was posed that the monastery should be always governed by the priests who speak both German and Polish languages so that Mass could also be said for the Polish congregation. The reply of the provincial has not been known, the monastery has never been founded.
EN
With the development of civilization, sign and symbols entered the life of Christian church in the form of coats of arms, emblems being placed on the seals, cloaks of the Order, shields and pennants. It was permissible to locate both secular and religious coats of arms in churches, providing that the owners were benefactors or patrons of the church. Throughout the ages plenty of people and institutions as well as the arising orders created the coats of arms and emblems in order to be recognized as a particular family order. The symbols placed on the coats of arms summarised the history and specificity of Order. At the beginning of the XIII century one of the greatest Orders was established by Saint Francis of Assisi (1226) and it had owned its coat of arms since ages as well. The contemporary Franciscan coat of arms presents the cross with two crossed hands at the bottom which are coming out of the clouds. One hand, presenting Jesus Christ, is without a coat and the other is in the habit of Saint Francis. This coat of arms has become the symbol of all Franciscan Orders, both male and female. This sign is being recognized by all congregations and communities with Saint Francis as a patron. The crossed arms demonstrate the affiliation to the great Franciscan family. The Third Order of Saint Francis from Assisi and Secular Franciscan Order belong to it, too. The Franciscan coat of arms that appeared in the publications for the third Order of Saint Francis of Assisi was blossoming between the wars (1918–1939). The contemporary publishing offer was widely addressed to the Tertiary which led to showing its sign on the publications. Those days a kind of promotion for the Francis family took place and relatively to this, graphic embellishment. In the current literature aimed at the Tertiary the coat of arms is used rarely, the sign most apparent is “T” (tau). There is the question to be asked, why is it so? The answer is not that easy because religious heraldry is a very complex phenomenon. It is influenced by a number of factors such as tradition, church doctrine and even the prevailing at that time fashion. Below presented coats of arms have their own place in the history of the Franciscan tertiary
EN
Article treat about the criticism of sources. In this case it comes to appeal to the Spanish chroniclers Motolinii and Mendieta to Psalm 59. In Mendieta comes to special translate a fragment of the same psalm, which is one of the foundations of apocalyptic-millenaries interpretation of the Franciscan missions in Mexico in the first half of the sixteenth century. Using specific translating tools we show that the said base includes acceptance of confusion mentioned Psalm, which allows us to identify the specific validity of source criticism. It should be mentioned that the analysis of a fragment of Psalm 59, which in this context is the first to carry out the extensive literature on the subject, both when it comes to apocalyptic-millenaries perception of Franciscan spirituality among the missionaries operating in New Spain (including Phelan, Baudot) as well as the critics of such perception (Lino Canedo, Andrés Martín, Zaballa Beascoechea).
EN
The next (28) part of the Cooperative Thought Library is once again dedicated to pious banks (Montes Pietatis) and the circumstances of their birth, especially in the fifteenth century by the Franciscan monks, realizing this way the Christian principle of charity and outreach in practice. We publish a translation of excerpts of the P. Heribert Holzapfel’s book, entitled The beginnings of the pious banks (1462 - 1515) published in Munich in 1903, [original title: P. Heribert Holzapfel, Die Anfang der piety Montes (1462 - 1515), Munchen 1903]. In this issue, we remind the contents of Chapters III and IV of the Holzapfel’s book.
EN
The next (27) part of the Cooperative Thought Library is dedicated to pious banks (Montes Pietatis) and the circumstances of their birth, especially in the fifteenth century by the Franciscan monks, realizing this way the Christian principle of charity and outreach in practice. We publish a translation of excerpts of the P. Heribert Holzapfel’s book, entitled The Beginnings of the pious banks (1462 - 1515) published in Munich in 1903, [original title: P. Heribert Holzapfel, Die Anfang der piety Montes (1462 - 1515), Munchen 1903]. In this issue, we remind the contents of Chapters I and II, in the next issue of the quarterly we will publish excerpts of Chapters III and IV of the Holzapfel’s book.
EN
Together with a brief history of Pyrzyce and the Franciscan monastery, anthropological, paleopathological and demographic analysis is presented of skeletons discovered in the ruins of the church adjacent to the monastery and likely to date to the 17th century. The location of the skeletons – most of them were in a shared grave and with a distinctive distribution of age at death of individuals (Tab. 1) – suggests that the dead were buried in haste, probably during an epidemic or an armed conflict. Because of a bad state of the preservation of the human remains, it can only be stated that most males have short skulls, medium broad faces, broad noses and low orbits, whereas females’ skulls are in majority medium long (Tab. 2, 3). Differences in males and females body height correspond to those that are generally stated in other historical human populations (Tab. 4, 5). Health condition examined individuals is hard to determine (Tab. 6) – for 31 skeletons pathological changes could be identified in ten cases. As in the majority of burial sequences, e.g. those from Eastern Pomerania, degenerative and inflammatory lesions are in majority. In addition rare cases of developmental anomalies and post-traumatic lesions occurred. On the basis of the results obtained, it can be assumed that, with regard to some morphological features and diseases, people from Pyrzyce differed slightly from people who lived in other parts of Pomerania.
EN
This study concerns the Franciscan convent in Dačice in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The convent is presented as a community carrying out pastoral duties in the town as well as in its extended neighbourhood. The friars’ presence in their "circulus" outside of times when alms were collected remains nearly unconsidered. It is well documented, however, in the convent’s account books. The books suggest that the friars used to deal with the convent’s poor economic conditions by serving as chaplains in parishes and castles. These activities ensured a certain income for the convent, revived the original Medieval tradition at the same time, and also allowed the friars to significantly participate in the process of Counter‑Reformation.
PL
Zakony mendykanckie, dominikanie i franciszkanie odegrali znaczącą rolę religijną, gospodarczą i kulturową na przestrzeni minionych wieków w Warce na Mazowszu. Fundacja klasztoru dominikanów historycznie związana była z osobą księcia Siemowita I. Klasztor dominikanów w Warce, fundowany w połowie XIII stulecia, obok klasztorów pw. św. Dominika w Płocku i św. Mikołaja w Sochaczewie należących do kontraty mazowieckiej, zaliczany jest do najstarszych fundacji tego zakonu na ziemiach polskich. W połowie XVII w. do Warki zostali sprowadzeni franciszkanie. Fundatorką klasztoru była  Katarzyna z Boglewic Trzebińska.  Swoją obecnością franciszkanie przyczynili się do ożywienia religijnego miasta. 
EN
The mendican Orders, Dominicans and Franciscans, played a significant religious, economic, and cultural role over the past centuries at Warka in Mazovia. The foundation of the Dominican monastery was historically linked to the person of Duke Siemowit I. The Warka Dominican monastery, founded in the middle of the 13th century, next to the monasteries of St Dominic in Płock and of St Nicholas at Sochaczew belonging to the Mazovian contrat, is considered one of the oldest foundations of this order in Poland. In the mid-17th century, the Franciscans were brought to Warka. The foundress of the monastery was Katarzyna of Boglewice Trzebińska. With their presence, the Franciscans contributed to the religious revival of the town.
Nurt SVD
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2023
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issue 1
73-89
PL
Zainicjowanie funkcjonowania Kolegiów Propaganda Fide (Colegios de Propaganda Fide) w Nowym Świecie należałoby rozpatrywać jako ważki impuls ku odnowie zaangażowania misyjnego w XVII wieku. Ameryka Łacińska była już wówczas w znacznym stopniu schrystianizowana, aczkolwiek wiele obszarów stanowiło jeszcze ciągle aktualne, misyjne wyzwanie dla tamtejszego Kościoła. Inicjatorami przebudzenia misyjnego byli franciszkanie, którzy podjęli się zadania stworzenia stosownych ośrodków formacyjno-edukacyjnych z myślą o kształceniu misjonarzy wg aktualnych potrzeb na poszczególnych obszarach. W sumie powstało 17 kolegiów misyjnych, które podlegały bezpośrednio rzymskiej Kongregacji Propaganda Fide. Dzięki tym wysiłkom dzieło misyjne w XVII i XVIII wieku objęło wiele dotychczas pomijanych obszarów w Ameryce Środkowej i Południowej.
EN
The initiation of the functioning of the Colleges of Propaganda Fide (Colegios de Propaganda Fide) in the New World should be seen as a weighty impulse for the renewal of missionary commitment in the seventeenth century. Latin America was already to a large extent Christianized although many areas were still a valid missionary challenge for the Church there. The initiators of this missionary awakening were the Franciscans, who undertook the task of creating appropriate formation and educational centres, with a view to educate missionaries according to current needs in individual areas. In total, 17 missionary colleges were established, which were directly subordinate to the Roman Congregation for Propaganda Fide. Thanks to these efforts missionary work in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries covered many previously neglected areas in Central and South America.
13
Content available remote

Rękopis liturgiczny ze zbiorów Zygmunta Glogera

51%
PL
Autor stara się ustalić czas powstania i proweniencję 29 kart z repertuarem liturgicznym z tzw. zbioru Zygmunta Glogera. Zabytek znajduje się w Archiwum Narodowym w Krakowie pod sygnaturą 29/678/0/13/797. Okazuje się, że dwie pierwsze karty są fragmentem antyfonarza wydrukowanego w krakowskiej oficynie Piotrkowczyka w 1614 r., pozostałe 27 kart to fragment najprawdopodobniej franciszkańskiego graduału napisanego w pierwszej połowie XVII w. Zawiera kompletne śpiewy mszalne okresu adwentu i dużej części okresu Bożego Narodzenia.
EN
The author tries to establish the period of origin and the provenance of twenty nine leaves with liturgical repertoire from the so-called Zygmunt Gloger’s collection, kept in the National Archives in Cracow under no. 29/678/0/13/797. It turns out that the first two leaves are a fragment of an antiphonary printed in Piotrkowczyk’s Cracow printing house in 1614, while the remaining twenty seven leaves come most likely from a Franciscan gradual written in the first half of the 17th century. They contain complete mass chants for the Advent season and a large part of the Christmas season.
Zapiski Historyczne
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2022
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vol. 87
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issue 3
123-132
EN
The text constitutes a commentary on the text by Monika Jakubek-Raczkowska and Juliusz Raczkowski, published in Zapiski Historyczne, with regard to the dating of the final expansion of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Toruń to the present form, which extended the church to include the earlier southern wing of the monastery. Based on various evidence (including information that King Casimir the Great is reported to have listened to the organ allegedly located in the northern matroneum of the completed church in 1343), the above-mentioned authors put forward the hypothesis that the expansion may have been carried out in the first half of the 14th century, that the church had already had its present-day three-nave structure, and that the two analysed fragments of paintings, which are located in the niches of the northern wall of the matroneum, are part of a once large composition related to its medieval function within the church. The author of this commentary upholds the findings of his own research published in print in 1966, that the final expansion of the church took place in a later period, while the paintings of the presentday matroneum, analysed by Monika Jakubek-Raczkowska and Juliusz Raczkowski, did not ornament the matroneum, but a room or rooms upstairs in the monastery’s south wing.
Facta Simonidis
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2022
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vol. 15
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issue 2
67-84
EN
Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski was imprisoned by communist authorities from September 25, 1953 to October 28, 1956. One of his places of confinement was the Franciscan monastery in Prudnik-Las, where he stayed from October 6, 1954 to October 29, 1955. Prior to Wyszyński’s arrival, the army evicted the Franciscans living there. It was only in 1957, two years after the cardinal was transferred to Komańcza, that the monks regained the monastery thanks to the efforts of the residents of Prudnik. In the rebuilt monastery, the cell in which Wyszyński had stayed was converted into a memorial chamber devoted to him. The chamber was opened by Cardinal Józef Glemp, Primate of Poland, on May 8, 1983, during the consecration ceremony of the monument to Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński in front of the monastery. As the original furnishings had not been preserved, the cell was equipped with the furniture from the period of the primate’s imprisonment. The arrangement of the cell is intended, through its realism, to reflect not only the living conditions of the imprisoned cardinal but also to make visitors better acquainted with his life and pastoral activities, as well as the social and political reality of Poland in the 1950s. In 20007, taking advantage of modern media, the organizers opened an audiovisual room on the first floor of the monastery, featuring an exhibition of the primate’s memorabilia and graphics, which illustrates the history of the monastery and Cardinal Wyszyński’s life and activities. The museum is an example of an ecclesiastical biographical institution that carries out the tasks set for it by the ecclesiastical legislator. As such, it has both religious and cultural appeal for visitors. It should be noted that since 2001, when the Polish parliament dedicated the museum to Cardinal Wyszyński, the Franciscans and the Prudnik town authorities have taken joint initiatives to popularize the person of the primate. These activities have also been supported by the Dominican friar Jan Góra, who came from Prudnik. Both religious and cultural events, including holy masses, rallies, celebrations, lectures, or film screenings, are organized periodically. New initiatives are also being developed to commemorate Cardinal Wyszynski, such as tourist paths, commemorative plaques, and beech trees planted in places associated with him. All of these activities are coordinated by the monastery museum of the interned cardinal in Prudnik.
PL
Kardynał Stefan Wyszyński był więziony przez władze komunistyczne od 25 września 1953 roku do 28 października 1956 roku. Jednym z miejsc jego odosobnienia był klasztor w Prudniku-Lesie, gdzie prymas przebywał od 6 października 1954 roku do 29 października 1955 roku. Franciszkanie przed przybyciem kardynała zostali przymusowo wysiedleni przez wojsko, a po przeniesieniu hierarchy do Komańczy odzyskali klasztor dopiero w 1957 roku dzięki zabiegom mieszkańców Prudnika. W odbudowanym klasztorze zakonnicy jedną z cel, w której przebywał uwięziony prymas, przeznaczyli na izbę pamięci hierarchy. Jej otwarcia dokonał kardynał Józef Glemp, prymas Polski, w dniu 8 maja 1983 roku, podczas uroczystości poświęcenia pomnika kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego przed klasztorem. Nie zachowało się oryginalne wyposażenie, dlatego w pokoju umieszczono meble pochodzące z czasów uwięzienia prymasa. Aranżacja celi ma poprzez swój realizm przybliżyć nie tylko warunki życia uwięzionego kardynała, lecz także skłonić zwiedzających do lepszego poznania życia hierarchy, jego działalności duszpasterskiej, a także realiów społeczno-politycznych Polski w latach 50. XX wieku. W celu wykorzystania nowoczesnych środków przekazu w 2007 roku otwarto na parterze klasztoru salę audiowizualną z wystawą pamiątek po prymasie oraz grafiką ilustrującą dzieje klasztoru Franciszkanów w Prudniku-Lesie oraz życie i działalność kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego. Muzeum jest przykładem kościelnej placówki biograficznej, która realizuje zadania postawione jej przez ustawodawcę eklezjalnego. Oddziałuje bowiem na zwiedzających nie tylko religijnie, lecz także kulturowo. Należy zauważyć, że od 2001 roku, kiedy Sejm RP dedykował go kardynałowi S. Wyszyńskiemu, franciszkanie i władze miasta Prudnik podejmują wspólne inicjatywy popularyzacji osoby prymasa. Działania te wspierał również dominikanin Jan Góra pochodzący z Prudnika. Cyklicznie organizowane są wydarzenia zarówno religijne (msze św., nabożeństwa itp.), jak i kulturalne (rajdy, akademie, wykłady, projekcje filmów). Powstają również nowe inicjatywy upamiętniania kardynała S. Wyszyńskiego: ścieżka turystyczna, tablice pamiątkowe, sadzone są buki „kardynalskie” w miejscach związanych z hierarchą. Centrum tych działań jest klasztorne muzeum internowanego kardynała w Prudniku.
EN
In 1457, Pope Callixtus III gave, at the request of prince Władysław of Cieszyn and Głogów, his consent to found a monastery and a church of Corpus Christi, outside the city walls of Góra. The papal bulla stated that the funds shall be allotted to Franciscan-Observants (Bernardines). Ultimately, the new convent was settled by Franciscan-Minorites. It was the last foundation of a Franciscan monastery within medieval Poland.In terms of order organisation, the monastery in Góra was subject to the Gniezno custody of the Polish-Czech Franciscan province. The prince issued the foundation document for the monastery in 1458. In 1462, Pope Pius II approved the foundation of a new monastery and its endowment, referring to the previous consent given by the bishop Piotr II Nowak of Wrocław (1447–1456), Góra city authorities and the local parson. The convent in Góra was most likely staffed by friars from Głogów, given the proximity of the two cities andsubjection to one ruler. This work is said to have been inspired by the Corpus Christi fraternity in Góra. The monastery was built on the outskirts, near the way to Kajęcin village. Its endowment was very modest. Initially, it included only the land to construct the buildings, a fish pond and a small area of farmland. It was slightly enlarged in 1468 by the brother of the founder and his successor, Prince Przemko II of Cieszyn and Głogów. In the early 16th century, the monastery fell into decline and started selling off its estate. Due to theReformation, around 1534 the monastery was completely abandoned by friars and the bishop Jakub von Salza of Wrocław gave the estate to the parson of the parish of Saint Catherine of Alexandria in Góra.
PL
W 1457 r. papież Kalikst III wydał na prośbę księcia cieszyńsko-głogowskiego Władysława zgodę na ufundowanie poza murami miasta Góra klasztoru i kościoła pw. Bożego Ciała. W bulli zapisano, że fundacja miała być przeznaczona dla franciszkanów-obserwantów (bernardynów). Ostatecznie jednak nowy konwent zasiedlili franciszkanie-minoryci. Była to ostatnia na średniowiecznych ziemiach polskich fundacja klasztorufranciszkańskiego. Klasztor w Górze należał pod względem organizacji zakonnej do kustodii gnieźnieńskiej w czesko-polskiej prowincji franciszkanów. Oficjalny dokument fundacyjny klasztoru książę wystawił w 1458 r. W 1462 r. papież Pius II zatwierdził fundację nowego domu zakonnego wraz z jego uposażeniem, powołując się na wcześniejszą zgodę biskupa wrocławskiego Piotra II Nowaka (1447–1456), władz miejskich Góry i miejscowego proboszcza. Konwent górowski najprawdopodobniej został obsadzony przez zakonników z Głogowa, za czym przemawiać może bliskość obu tych miast i podległość jednemu władcy. Inspirację tego dzieła przypisuje się górowskiemu bractwu Bożego Ciała. Klasztor zbudowano na przedmieściu, przy drodze do wsi Kajęcin. Jego uposażenie gospodarcze było bardzo skromne. Początkowo obejmowało tylko grunt na postawienie budynków, staw rybny i kawałek roli. Nieco rozszerzył je w 1468 r. książę cieszyńsko-głogowski Przemko II – brat fundatora i jego następca. W początku XVI w. klasztor podupadł i zaczął wyprzedawać sweposiadłości. Wskutek szerzącej się reformacji, ok. 1534 r. klasztor został całkowicie opuszczony przez zakonników, a jego majątek biskup wrocławski Jakub von Salza przekazał proboszczowi parafii pw. św. Katarzyny w Górze.
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2015
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vol. 62
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issue 6: Teologia pastoralna
47-68
EN
The article is an attempt to answer the question: what are the apostolic and contemplative aspects of religious life with regards to St. Francis' imitators based on the “Constitutions of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual?” It may be treated as a kind of exemplar, which indicates how to combine these two aspects in proper balance and proportions for those in consecrated life, especially in the orders leading an active apostolic life. The first part of the article discusses the apostolic witness of the life of the Franciscans, their own apostolate and the apostolate commissioned by the Church hierarchy. The second part presents specific elements of contemplative life of the Franciscans: the prayer life, conversion and penance, and community life.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, na czym polega apostolski i kontemplacyjny wymiar życia zakonnego na przykładzie naśladowców św. Franciszka na podstawie Konstytucji Zakonu Braci Mniejszych Konwentualnych? Można to potraktować jako swego rodzaju exemplum, które wskazuje, jak w życiu konsekrowanym, przede wszystkim w zakonach prowadzących czynne życie apostolskie, łączyć dwa wspomniane wymiary, utrzymując ich właściwą proporcję i równowagę. W pierwszej części artykułu omówiono apostolstwo świadectwa życia franciszkanów, apostolstwo własne i formy apostolstwa zleconego przez hierarchię. Druga część artykułu zawiera rozważania o charakterystycznych elementach wyrażających kontemplacyjny sposób życia franciszkanów: życie modlitwy, nawrócenie i pokutę oraz wspólnotę braterską.
18
43%
EN
The history of evangelization in Peru, which started at the very onset of the 16th century is connected with the presence of the missionaries of the Franciscan Order, who played a major role in the building of Church structures on the territory of the former Inca empire. However, their main contribution was an effective evangelization of the indigenous peoples through the use of innovative methods (music, singing and art, organizing schools for Indians, knowledge of indigenous languages, protection of Indians against excessive exploitation). In this activity they were urged by their Franciscan charisma summed up in the greeting “Peace and good”. Their missionary commitment was realized not only in the Andean world, but over time expanded across the Amazon Selva. 
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the activities of the Mount of Piety (Monti di Pietà), i.e. an institutional pawnbroker run as a charity in Europe from Renaissance times until today. The article shows the theoretical foundations of this institution, especially the importance of Franciscan thinkers, such as Bernardino of Siena, in this regard. The analyzes also cover today's activities of the Mount of Piety, which focuses on microcredit and other ethical forms of lending and investing. The article shows the development of this institution, but also the persistence of the values on which it is based.
PL
Św. Franciszek – jeden z najbardziej popularnych świętych, kanonizowany w 1228 roku, pozostaje świętym „ekumenicznym” – szanowanym również przez prawosławie. „Biedaczyna z Asyżu” okazał się także niezwykle ważny zarówno dla duchowości, jak i sztuki krakowskiego awangardowego malarza i prawosławnego myśliciela – Jerzego Nowosielskiego, który ubolewał, że zachodnia świadomość chrześcijańska całkowicie spłyciła główne idee świętego, sprowadzając je do naiwnego sentymentalizmu. W powrocie do idei św. Franciszka artysta upatrywał nadzieję na odrodzenie się chrześcijaństwa i ożywienie współczesnej myśli teologicznej. Jednym z ważnych śladów tradycji franciszkańskiej w sztuce Nowosielskiego są tzw. krzyże franciszkańskie – polichromowane wyobrażenia Ukrzyżowanego, typu croce dipinta, croce storiata, wzorowane na słynnym krzyżu z San Damiano. Nowosielski namalował takich krzyży kilkadziesiąt, przeznaczając je zarówno do celów liturgicznych (jako zwieńczenie ikonostasu lub tetrapodu), jak i do dewocji prywatnej. Postać św. Franciszka pojawiła się także kilkakrotnie w jego sztuce monumentalnej: polichromii kościoła w Olszynach (1957) i w Zbylitowskiej Górze (1956–1957), a także w mozaice Stygmatyzacja św. Franciszka dla kościoła w Izabelinie pod Warszawą (1980) – jednak realizacje te uległy niestety zniszczeniu. Najciekawszą i najbardziej rozbudowaną „franciszkańską” realizacją Nowosielskiego pozostaje wystrój wnętrza kościoła oo. Franciszkanów-Reformatów pw. Niepokalanego Poczęcia Najświętszej Marii Panny na Azorach w Krakowie, nawiązujący do kanonu kościołów reformackich: stacje drogi krzyżowej oraz wielkie panneau ołtarzowe. Do dzieł tych – łączących duchowość ikony z estetyką awangardy – artysta wprowadził wątki ikonograficzne charakterystyczne dla tradycji wschodniej: dwukrotnie użyty motyw mandylionu, temat Anastazis, motyw Orantki, formę Płaszczanicy jako ostatnią stację drogi krzyżowej (Złożenia do grobu) oraz wizerunki trzech skazańców w scenach pasyjnych, odwołujące się do żywego w prawosławiu kultu św. Łotra. Również przedstawienie wielookiego Serafina zdradza wpływ wcześniejszej, bizantyńskiej ikonografii angelologicznej, z kolei interpretacja stygmatyzacji św. Franciszka nawiązuje do trzynastowiecznej ikonografii włoskiej, ale także do wizerunku św. Franciszka z witrażu Stanisława Wyspiańskiego z przełomu wieków XIX i XX w krakowskim kościele Franciszkanów. Rozbudowana symbolika retabulum z Azorów, łącząca wątki franciszkańskie, eucharystyczne i pasyjne, oraz czerpiąca wiele wątków z tradycji prawosławnej zyskała w interpretacji krakowskiego malarza – dzięki lapidarności ascetycznej formy i odważnej kolorystyce – charakter monumentalny.
EN
One of the most popular saints, St Francis, canonized in 1228, remains “ecumenical”, venerated also by the Eastern Orthodox Church. The saint of Assisi proved especially important for the spirituality and art of the Kraków-based avant-garde painter and Eastern Orthodox thinker, Jerzy Nowosielski, who lamented that the Western Christian consciousness had completely flattened the main ideas of the saint, reducing them to naïve sentimentality. Turning back to St Francis, the artist hoped for a renewal of Christianity and the revival of contemporary theological thought. Important elements of the Franciscan tradition in Nowosielski’s art show up in his so-called Franciscan crosses: polychrome images of the crucified Christ of the croce dipinta, croce storiata type, modeled on the San Damiano Cross. Nowosielski painted dozens of such crosses, both for liturgical purposes (to fit at the top of an iconostasis or a tetrapod), and for private devotion. The figure of St Francis also appeared several times in his monumental art: the polychromes in the churches in Olszyny (1957) and in Zbylitowska Góra (1956–1957), as well as in the mosaic entitled The Stigmatization of St Francis produced for the church in Izabelin near Warsaw (1980); these, however, have not survived to the present day. His most interesting and elaborate “Franciscan” project is the interior of the Reformed Franciscan Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Holy Virgin Mary in the neighborhood of Azory in Kraków, harking back to the canon of Reformed Franciscan churches: the Stations of the Cross and the large altarpiece. These works combined the spirituality of the icon with avant-garde esthetics; the artist also infused them with iconographic motifs from the Eastern Orthodox tradition: the Mandylion (used twice), the theme of Anastasis, the Orant, the Plashchanitsa serving as the last Station of the Cross (Jesus is laid in the tomb), and the images of the three convicts in scenes of the Passion, alluding to the Eastern Orthodox worship of the Good Thief. The multi-eyed depiction of the Seraph is rooted in an earlier, Byzantine angelological iconography; the stigmatization of St Francis, in turn, is modeled on 13th Italian iconography but also on the image of St Francis as seen in the stained-glass window produced by Stanisław Wyspiański for the Franciscan church in Kraków at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. The elaborate symbolism of the retable of Azory combined Franciscan themes with motifs of the Eucharist and the Passion, drawing profusely on the Eastern Orthodox tradition; thanks to its concise and ascetic form, as well as its audacious colors, it took on a truly monumental dimension.
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