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Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2020
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vol. 111
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issue 1
111-124
PL
Autorka skupia uwagę na artystycznym kształcie i funkcjach przenośnych obrazów żywiołów w wierszach Franciszka Dionizego Kniaźnina – jednego z najważniejszych poetów lirycznych polskiego oświecenia. Za pomocą omawianych w pracy środków wyrazu twórca ogarniał otaczającą go rzeczywistość trudnego czasu, a także potwierdzał więzi łączące go z konkretnymi osobami i wydarzeniami. Analiza przenośnych obrazów elementów natury w utworach Kniaźnina uzmysławia, że bardzo sugestywnie i celowo wykorzystał on te przedstawienia, głównie ognia i powietrza, w większości pozbawiając je znamion utartej frazeologii. Charakteryzowana metaforyka bardzo korzystnie zaświadcza o wyobraźni twórczej Kniaźnina, o jej kreacyjnych aspektach, a także o duchowej i emocjonalnej wrażliwości poety i dynamicznym charakterze rzeczywistości, jaką postrzegał on wokół siebie.
EN
The author of the article focuses on the artistic shape and the functions of the elements’ metaphorical images in the poems by Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin, one of the most important lyrist of the Polish Enlightenment. Employing the means of expression discussed in the paper, the poet attempted to fathom the difficult reality he was surrounded by, but also confirmed his connections with specific people and occurrences. An analysis of the metaphorical images of the elements in Kniaźnin’s pieces reveals his deliberate and intentional use of the representations, mainly of fire and air, devoiding them of their ordinary phraseology. The analysed metaphors well support the view of Kniaźnin’s creative imagination, its creative aspects, as well as his spiritual and emotional sensitivity, alongside of the dynamic character of the reality he perceived around him.
EN
The relation between Kniaźnin’s works (Matka Spartanka and Matka obywatelka) and Mickiewicz’spoem Do matki Polki is sometimes portrayed as merely the transmission of themes and motifs.This paper argues that it is more complicated than it seems. Although similarities are noticeable,these works are not comparable, since both authors wrote in completely different historical circumstances.The context discussed in this paper is the issue of national consciousness. The land as wellas the state were treated as necessary conditions for the existence of the nation during Kniaźnin’s times, which is confirmed in legal textbooks, dictionaries and literature. However, these factors wereno longer valid during the Romantic period. In this sense, it is Tren IV by Józef Morelowski, writtenin 1795, when the Third (last) Partition of Poland took place, that may be considered a representativeexample. Women were advised not to give birth anymore, for their children could not be Poles butPrussians or Muscovites. After such a suggestion, a revolution in the consciousness of the societywas necessary in order to persuade mothers to raise their children in a patriotic manner.
EN
Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin, although known primarily as the author of love and religious poetry, devoted many of his texts to patriotism. His view on the issues of the fatherland evolved — from works which praised great ancestors and stigmatized national flaws, through lyric poems filled with hope inspired by the events of 1791–1794, through catastrophic visions related to the partitions of Poland, to the complete cessation of poetic activity after the fall of his homeland. Kniaźnin’s patriotic work also clearly announces the advent of Romanticism, evident in its presentation of the key role that poets should play in the nation, the artist’s discussions with God, the positive reception of Ossianism and the special mission that women have of shaping bringing up citizens devoted to their homeland.
PL
Tekst jest recenzją tomu pod redakcją Bożeny Mazurkowej i Tomasza Chachulskiego, który zawiera kilkadziesiąt rozraw – każda z nich poświęcona jest innemu dziełu Franciszka Dionizego Kniaźnina. Autorzy recenzji wskazują na przyczyny podjęcia refleksji nad poezją puławskiego twórcy w licznym gronie literaturoznawców, wyjaśniają zamysł przyświecający przyjęciu formuły „czytania” utworów „śpiewaka Temiry” , wskazują na różnorodne konteksty, w ramach których rozpatrywany jest jego dorobek, przybliżają kompozycję i redaktorskie założenia publikacji oraz podkreślają jej rangę dla dotychczasowego stanu badań nad liryką Kniaźnina.
EN
The text reviews the volume edited by Bożena Mazurkowa and Tomasz Chachulski, containing a few dozen of treatises, each of which is devoted to a separate work by Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin. The reviewers point at the origin of undertaking reflections on his poetry by a wide circle of literary scholars, explain the purpose for adopting the formula of “reading” the pieces by Kniaźnin, indicate the various contexts in which the poet’s output is analysed, describe the publication’s composition and editorial assumptions, and highlight importance of the volume for the so far state of research in Kniaźnin’s lyric.
EN
The author devotes attention to four pieces from the poetic cycle Erotics (Erotyki, 1779) of Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin, cleary inspired by a few scenes from romantic thread of Tancred and Clorinda in epic poem Godfrey or Jerusalem Delivered (Gofred abo Jeruzalem wyzwolona, 1618) by Tasso‑Kochanowski. The context of consideration are reflections which concern interest in baroque work and characteristic cult of Italian artist, lively in Poland until romanticism. The goal of detailed analysis is to capture multiple signals of connections between Kniaźnin’s rococo lyrics and paralel fragments of seventeenth‑century translation. In the poem’s plot these relations concern meetings of Christian knight with beautiful pagan, his behaviour in these situations, statements which he addressed to both living and departed Clorinda and also the dream in which he was haunted by ghost of the loved woman. Comparative steps aim at determining how epic material was used and processed in the amorous poetry of good taste”.
EN
The author devotes attention to four pieces from the poetic cycle Erotics (Erotyki, 1779) of Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin, cleary inspired by a few scenes from romantic thread of Tancred and Clorinda in epic poem Godfrey or Jerusalem Delivered (Gofred abo Jeruzalem wyzwolona, 1618) by Tasso‑Kochanowski. The context of consideration are reflections which concern interest in baroque work and characteristic cult of Italian artist, lively in Poland until romanticism. The goal of detailed analysis is to capture multiple signals of connections between Kniaźnin’s rococo lyrics and paralel fragments of seventeenth‑century translation. In the poem’s plot these relations concern meetings of Christian knight with beautiful pagan, his behaviour in these situations, statements which he addressed to both living and departed Clorinda and also the dream in which he was haunted by ghost of the loved woman. Comparative steps aim at determining how epic material was used and processed in the amorous poetry of good taste”.
EN
The paper focuses on the libretto "Jawnuta" by Stanisław Moniuszko, interpreting it in the context of theory of intertextuality as a type of hypertext created primarily from "Cyganie" [Gypsies] by Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin, as well as from pieces by Józef Korzeniowski, Kazimierz Brodziński, Jan Nepomucen Jaśkowski, Edmund Wasilewski, Władysław Syrokomla and Jan Czeczot. The author is particularly interested in the mechanisms of romantic reinterpretation of a drama of an 18th century sentimentalist. Therefore, first she analyses the works by Kniaźnin, indicating his pionieering character in Poland and how deep-rooted he was in the ideology of the European Enlightenment. Thenshe confronts her observations with the work by Moniuszko, extracting the conventions of romantic exoticism and individualism characteristic to substantial parts of the libretto "Jawnuta" and thus presents how romantic stereotypes of a Gypsy and the Gypsy culture modified the meanings inscribed in the Enlightenment’s text.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2020
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vol. 111
|
issue 1
229-240
PL
Książka Rolfa Fiegutha jest pierwszą tak obszerną monografią poezji Franciszka Dionizego Kniaźnina od czasu studium Teresy Kostkiewiczowej „Kniaźnin jako poeta liryczny” (1971), stanowi propozycję całościowego odczytania jego poezji. Autor monografii omawia kolejne zbiory poezji Kniaźnina w porządku chronologicznym: „Erotyki” (1779), „Carmina” (1781), „Wiersze” (1783), „Poezyje” (1787) i utwory z Rękopisu Puławskiego (1794–1796). Fieguth wskazuje liczne powiązania między poszczególnymi utworami, analizuje sposoby łączenia ich w cykle liryczne, omawia funkcje podmiotu, odniesień intertekstualnych, przywołań literatury antycznej, ale przede wszystkim – twórczości Jana Kochanowskiego (szczególnie „Trenów” i „Muzy”, które Kniaźnin przełożył na język łaciński). Do najważniejszych osiągnięć Fiegutha należy spojrzenie na polską i łacińską twórczość Kniaźnina jako na całość, niezależnie od języka (polski czy łacina) wykazującą podobne cechy, ale też powiązaną ze sobą na różne sposoby. Fieguth dowartościował zarówno łaciński tom Kniaźnina, jak i „Wiersze” z 1783 roku, zawierające m.in. pierwszą redakcję „Żalów Orfeusza nad Eurydyką” – cyklu, który stanie się odtąd jednym z najistotniejszych fragmentów kompozycyjnych wszystkich kolejnych zbiorów aż po ostatni, spisywany u schyłku świadomego życia poety. Ważne obserwacje pojawiają się także w odniesieniu do dwóch ostatnich zbiorów: „Poezyj” i wierszy z Rękopisu Puławskiego.
EN
Rolf Fieguth’s book about Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin’s poetry is the first so extensive monograph from the time of Teresa Kostnkiewiczowa’s study publication “Kniaźnin jako poeta liryczny” (“Kniaźnin as a Lyric Poet,” 1971), and it is viewed as an attempt at a comprehensive reading of his poetry. Fieguth analyses the collections of Kniaźnin’s poems in a chronological order: “Erotyki” (“Erotic Poems,” 1779), “Carmina” (1781), “Wiersze” (“Poems,” 1783), “Poezyje” (“Poetry,” 1787) and pieces from Rękopis Puławski (Manuscript of Puławy, 1794–1796). The researcher points at numerous connections between the individual pieces, examines the modes of grouping them into lyrical cycles, discusses the functions of lyrical subject, intertextual relations, references to ancient literature, and, first and foremost, to Jan Kochanowski (especially his “Treny” <”Laments>” and “Muza” <”The Muse>” both of which Kniaźnin translated into the Latin language). Fieguth’s most crucial achievement is viewing Kniaźnin’s Polish and Latin output as a whole independent of language (Polish and Latin) and having common features, but also intermingling in many ways. Fieguth appreciates both the Latin volume of Kniaźnin as well as “Poem”s from the year 1783 that include the first editing of “Żale Orfeusza nad Eurydyką” (“Laments of Orpheus for Eurydice)”, the cycle that from that moment became most vital part of composing subsequent editions of Kniaźnin’s poetry until the last one written down at the twilight of the poet’s conscious life. Important observations are also included in reference to the two last collections, namely “Poezyje” (“Poetry)” and poems from the Manuscript of Puławy.
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