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EN
In the article ”The Broker of Pornography and Violence: Lou Reed in Lulu’s World”, Sławomir Kuźnicki analyses the literary and cultural layers of Lulu, the album published by Lou Reed in collaboration with Metallica, based on Frank Wedekind’s two modernist dramas: Earth Spirit (1895) and Pandora’s Box (1904). The rock poet treats the plot of the two plays very loosely and it becomes the means through which he enters the area of disturbing perversion and graphic pornography. This strategy, then, is typical for him: drawing on the primal instincts of human sexuality, he penetrates these experiences that – although frequently marginalized – are the foundations of our culture. Consequently, Reed seems to follow Susan Sontag’s diagnosis according to which the goal of pornographic literature is to disorient and to disturb mental balance. In the case of Lulu, this strategy of cultural disorientation is also implemented via the generic form of the record. This form mainly stems from Reed’s decision to cooperate with Metallica, i.e. a band whose conservative and rather sustainable music stands in contrast to the former artist's transgressive arts. In other words, on many levels it demonstrates Reed’s strategies of crossing the borders between what is commonly accepted and what is rejected because of its non-normative quality. It results in multilayered kinkiness that outreaches the literary frames of the project and makes it possible to view Lulu as a piece of art that is both uncompromising and visionary.
PL
Franka Wedekinda ,myślenie obrazami‘ szczególnie dobrze prześledzić można w jego późnym dramacie Franziska (1911). Tendencja wizualizacyjna przejawia się tu z jednej strony w zdjęciowej choreografii scenicznej, z drugiej w licznych odniesieniach do historii sztuki, poprzez które autor zabiera głos we współczesnym mu dyskursie. Cytaty obejmują szeroki okres od renesansu, poprzez prerafaelitów aż po sztukę współczesną, co otwiera bogate archiwum obrazów z figuracjami Fausta, Heleny, Mignon, Ewy, Maryi i innych. Cytaty optyczne pełnią funkcje ironicznej korekty tradycji chrześcijańskiej, dzięki czemu autor wpisuje się w sensualistyczne dziedzictwo antyku.
EN
Frank Wedekind’s visual thinking can be studied particularly clearly in his late drama Franziska (1911). The tendency to visualize is on the one hand visible in the tableau-style choreography and on the other – in numerous references to art history, through which the author takes a position in contemporary art discourse. The references range from Renaissance through Pre-Raphaelite painting to contemporary art, opening up a wide archive of images, among them the figures of Faust, Helena, Mignon, Eve, Saint Mary and others. These “optical allusions” form an ironic corrective to the Christian tradition, and allow the author to inscribe his work among the ‘sensualists’ in the heritage of antiquity.
DE
Frank Wedekinds ,Denken in Bildern‘ lässt sich im späten Stück Franziska (1911) besonders gut verfolgen. Zum einen manifestiert sich die Visualisierungstendenz in der tableauartigen Szenen-Choreographie, zum anderen in zahlreichen Bildzitaten, mit denen der Autor zum zeitgenössischen Kunstdiskurs Stellung bezieht. Die kunstgeschichtlichen Bezüge umfassen die breite Palette von der Renaissance, über die Präraffaeliten bis zur Kunst der 10er Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts, womit ein reichhaltiges Bildarchiv mit u.a. Faust-, Helena-, Mignon-, Eva- und Maria-Figurationen eröffnet wird. Die visuellen Zitate fungieren als ein ironisches Korrektiv der christlichen Tradition, womit sich Wedekind als Sensualist in der Nachfolge der Antike profiliert.
EN
This study is concerned with the swooning as one of the characteristic motifs of modernism, arising from a period of reflexive attention. First it will examine this in the dramas of Arthur Schnitzler Zug der Schatten and Frank Wedekind’s Erdgeist, then will turn to the demarcated realm of Central European Modernism (with support from Moritz Csáky’s characterization of Zentraleurope) as located in the works of Karel Čapek. Janáček’s libreto The Makropulos Affair comments on the basic polemics in whose background are shown the crucial importance of the motif of fainting in the overall construction of Čapek’s early works.
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