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EN
During the Vistula Operation, an operational group was established to prosecute the Freedom and Independence groups, who at night on 2 to 3 July 1947 at Puchaczów killed 21 people accused of supporting the official authorities. The Puchaczów Operational Group during round-ups in the Włodawa, Chełm, and Lubartów districts, killed several people and detained several hundred more. Some of the families associated with the underground were forcibly displaced to the so-called Western Lands. The activities of the Puchaczów OG show that the basic aim of the Vistula Operation was to strengthen power of the Polish Workers’ Party in post-war Poland.
PL
W czasie akcji „Wisła” powołano grupę operacyjną do ścigania grup WiN, które nocą 2/3 VII 1947 r. w Puchaczowie zabiły 21 osób oskarżonych o popieranie władzy. GO „Puchaczów” w czasie obław w powiatach Włodawa, Chełm i Lubartów zabiła kilkanaście osób i zatrzymała kilkaset kolejnych. Kilka rodzin powiązanych z podziemiem wysiedlono przymusowo na Ziemie Zachodnie. Działania GO „Puchaczów” pokazują, że podstawowym celem akcji „Wisła” było umocnienie władzy PPR w powojennej Polsce.
EN
Tadeusz Kościuszko for Poles and Americans he is a symbol of strive for sovereignty and independence. He was hero for these nations. When Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was falling, he stood against Russian’s agression. History repeated in XX century when the Bolsheviks, seeking to spread communism in Europe, provoked a war. Unfortunately, according to decissions were made on Yalta Conference in Februrary 1945 during The Second World War. The only chance to be independent was guerilla warfare. The struggle was taken by Cursed Soldiers. At that time they were enemies of homeland, now they are hero. One of these who struggled with communist authority was Franciszek Jaskulski “Zagończyk”. He was author’s grandfather. “Zagończyk” was sentenced to death beacuse of his fight for motherland’s independence. His grave hasn’t been found to the present day.
PL
Tadeusz Kościuszko, symbol dążeń do suwerenności i niepodległości państwa, był bohaterem dwóch narodów – Polaków i Amerykanów. W momencie upadku państwa polskiego, pod koniec XVIII wieku, musiał stawić czoła rosyjskiej agresji. Historia powtórzyła się w wieku XX, gdy bolszewicy, dążąc do zalania Europy komunizmem, wywołali wojnę z Polską. Wówczas nasze wojsko zdołało odeprzeć rosyjskie natarcie. Niestety, wobec postanowień konferencji w Jałcie w lutym 1945 roku, jeszcze w trakcie trwającej II wojny światowej, byliśmy bezsilni. Pozostała tylko walka w podziemiu, którą podjęli Żołnierze Wyklęci. W tamtym czasie byli wrogami ojczyzny, obecnie są bohaterami narodowymi. Jednym z żołnierzy walczących z komunistyczną władzą był Franciszek Jaskulski „Zagończyk”, dziadek autorki artykułu. Za walkę o wolność państwa poniósł najwyższą cenę – został skazany na śmierć. Do dzisiaj nie odnaleziono miejsca pochówku „Zagończyka”.
EN
The sergeant Jan Grudziński, alias "Płomień" (eng. „Flame”) was born on the 23rd December 1914 in Kąkolewnica. Just before the outbreak of the war, he had served in the 6th Sapper Battalion of the 9th Infantry Division. He fought in the September Campaign. When the campaign had been finished he managed to avoid captivity and settled in his hometown of Rudnik. Jan Grudziński began his underground activity probably in 1941. After the establishment of the ZWZ-AK (The Union of Armed Struggle - Home Army), he conformed to the structures of that organization in Radzyń Podlaski’s District. The activity conducted at that time was focusing on combating informers and gangs, building an intelligence network, organizing sabotage and distributing underground newspapers. The "Flame" took part in the "Burza" operation (eng. Operation „Tempest”). He had participated in battles with the Germans until the 35th Infantry Regiment of the Home Army was disarmed by the Soviets. After the dissolution of the Home Army, he did not reveal himself and continued his struggle with the communist regime as a part of the Resistance Movement, and then the Freedom and Independence Organization. He was in charge of the militia unit in the IV region. Then he was promoted to the rank of sergeant. He took part in the attack on Radzyń Podlaski on New Year's Eve in 1946. After the falsified election, he revealed himself on the commander of the district order, but he hid a part of the weapon. Arrested in July 1947 by the communist Security Office, he was imprisoned in the Castle in Lublin and subjected to a brutal investigation. He was sentenced to death with the verdict of the Military District Court. After the execution, the body of Jan Grudziński was secretly buried, probably in the cemetery at Unicka Street in Lublin.
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