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EN
This article is my response to Andrzej Szahaj's review of my most recent book, Harmony and Dissonance. Szahaj's polemic is focused on my defense of Friedrich Hayek against accusations of being responsible for the emergence of the capitalism of surveillance. This was the charge made against him in his famous book by Shoshana Zuboff, as well as by Szahaj himself in one of his essays. I completely disagree with both authors and demonstrate that if the US authorities had taken seriously the properly interpreted Hayek's doctrine of freedom under the rule of law, this dangerous variant of capitalism would not have arisen. I also point out that, paradoxically, it is precisely in Hayek's thought that we find suggestions for curbing the digital monopoly that is most dangerous for the whole of humanity.
PL
Szkoła austriacka przeżywała okresy świetności oraz zastoju. Pierwsza fala ekonomistów austriackich, takich jak C. Menger, F. Wieser, E. Bőhm-Bawerk zdobyła tak duże uznanie, iż większość jej założeń zostało praktycznie wcielonych do głównego nurtu. Następne pokolenie, czyli F. von Hayek oraz L. von Mises, również cieszyło się dużym uznaniem wśród ekonomistów, jednak większość ich życia przypadła na okres, kiedy niesłychaną popularność zdobywały teorie J.M. Keynesa, wskazując łatwą drogę wyjścia z kryzysu lat 1929-1935, będącego rzekomo kryzysem gospodarki kapitalistycznej, tak propagowanej przez Hayeka czy Misesa. Szkoła austriacka odzyskała swą renomę w latach siedemdziesiątych dwudziestego wieku, kiedy najbardziej rozwinięte gospodarki świata zostały dotknięte przez największy kryzys gospodarczy od lat trzydziestych. Kryzys ten polegał na jednoczesnym występowaniu wysokiej inflacji oraz bezrobocia, tj. stagflacji. W teorii Keynesa zjawisko to nie miało wytłumaczenia. Również w latach siedemdziesiątych Nagrodą Nobla z ekonomii wyróżniony został Hayek, co spowodowało wzrost zainteresowania szkołą austriacką. W tym samym czasie ogromną pracę dla rozwoju i popularyzacji szkoły austriackiej wykonali działający na amerykańskich uniwersytetach naukowcy: I. M. Kirzner oraz M. Rothbard.
EN
The Austrian school of economics experienced both its heyday and stagnation. The first wave of Austrian economists, such as C. Menger, F. von Wieser, E. von Böhm-Bawerk was so widely recognized that most of its assumptions were practically incorporated into the mainstream. The next generation, that is F. von Hayek and L. von Mises, also enjoyed universal recognition among economists, however, most of their lifetimes fell on the period when J. M. Keynes’ theories became immensely popular, as they showed an easy way to overcome the crisis of 1929-1935 that was allegedly a crisis of the capitalist economy, the economy so much promoted by Hayek or Mises. The Austrian school regained its renown in the 1970s, when the world’s most developed economies were affected by the greatest economic crisis since the 1930s. The crisis consisted in simultaneous occurrence of a high inflation and unemployment, that is stagflation. In Keynes’ theory this phenomenon was not explained. It was also in the 1970s that Hayek was awarded the Nobel prize, which aroused interest in the Austrian school. At the same time I. M. Kirzner and M. Rothbard who worked in American universities did great work to develop and promote the Austrian school.
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Liberalizm i realizm

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EN
This text is a review of the book by Beata Polanowska-Szygulska titled Harmonia i dysonans. Wokół rozmów z oksfordzkimi filozofami [Harmony and Dissonance: On Talks with Oxford Philosophers]. The reviewer polemicizes with the author of the book concerning the role of August Friedrich von Hayek's philosophy in the process of the evolution of capitalism and especially in establishing the so-called capitalism of surveillance (Shosana Zuboff). The revies contains also some remarks concerning the reasons of Polish surrender to Hayek's vision of capitalism during the Polish transformation from socialism to capitalism and some memories of the persons, places and political processes important for the author, and also for the reviewer, of the book.
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