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EN
In Lost illusions, Balzac expressed his doubts and criticism concerning Restoration. However these opinions are not openly expressed, but inscribed in the presented world. Novelistic Angoulême – as well as Paris – is the city where topography is the reflection of social tensions, political connections and class oppositions. The space has a dual character – divided into the province and the capital. In the novel it turns out that Paris is not the center which establishes the rules – it turns out to be a fallen and infernal city forcing his inhabitants to agree to a compromise which is supposed to bring them profits in the future. The French capital seems to be the space of constant disturbance and endless anxiety. Despite that, in Lost illusions the critical vision of Paris is accompanied by the fascination which anticipates Baudelaire’s and Huysmans’ oeuvre.
EN
Antonio Rafele, the author of the book presented here, contemplates the literature of a big city, as Georg Simmel and Walter Benjamin did before him. This book, published by CNRS (Centre national de la recherché scientifique) in France, is an attempt at a philosophical-literary essay; it is addressed to the world of academia, although the text is situated between an academic and a literary world. The two main parts are simply entitled LA METROPOLE. Simmel and LA PHOTOGRAPHIE. Benjamin. The richness and elegance of language, the depth of thought and the eclectic allusions are as surprising as are the ascetic form and the (occasional) laconic assertions. Rafele easily refers to global and universal Simmel’s perspective as well as to the detailed and individual Benjamin’s views. The center of attention is photography, the first medium of that new revolutionary world of media which would later utilize the television and the Internet. However, what interests Rafele in his reading of Benjamin is that photography, for the first time since the Renaissance, introduced new interpretation of the past. The author does not attempt to apply his considerations about the works of Simmel and of Benjamin to the contemporary, the futuristic, the avant-garde or the archaic model of the city. No other city except for Paris appears.
EN
A special interest in geopoetics, a flourishing idea since the 1980s of the 20th century, may be observed to have developed in the areas of Central and Eastern Europe and in Germany. As an inhabitant of these regions, I am interested in how authors deriving from other corners of the European continent fit in the frame of geopoetics. This article concerns the Portuguese writer Fernando Pessoa and the Turkish writer Orhan Pamuk, both of whom had come from imperial empires (Portugal and Turkey, respectively) that no longer possess their numerous colonies and could now be thought to be yearning for their lost power. In Pamuk’s Istambul and Pessoa’s The Book of Disquiet, I discuss how these writers tackle the epistemology of nostalgia (saudade, hüzün, dor) and space.
EN
Chesterton was a very visual writer and architecture plays an interesting, though somewhat neglected role in his works. It reflects human strengths and weaknesses as well as religious and political attitudes. Such functions can be seen in The Man Who Was Thursday with its tunnels, labyrinths and secret shelters. Architecture here is meant to protect, but also to dissociate the anarchists from social life. Eccentricities and the return to Nature may also be reflected through architecture, as in The Club of Queer Trades. Or, architecture may be seen as dangerous – a moral temptation – as in the Father Brown story, “The Hammer of God”, where the spire of a church nourishes ideas of the superman in a local priest and turns him into a murderer. This leads to the question of how Chesterton looked at sacred architecture, especially Gothic cathedrals. He discovered his own sense of the fantastic in them (“On Gargoyles”) but also used them in his Christian crusade. His major contribution is that he rediscovered sacred symbolism in railway stations and other secular places but he also studied architecture in everyday life. Thus Chesterton links his architectural thought to his general message: i.e., to rediscover the everyday world as an arena of surprising adventures, in other words, to make life worth living.
EN
This article is an attempt to use geopoetical language (that of cultural geography) for comparative research. The author has engaged in what is known as “inner comparative studies”: the material selected consists of three novels by Miron Białoszewski from the postwar period (when he was living on Poznańska Street in Warsaw) and several posts by a certain Budrys published on the Internet in 2009/10, concerning the Sielce district in Warsaw and also dating from after the war. Regardless of the character of these writings (direct and nostalgic reminiscences), both show the importance of vision (the eye), memory, language, the materialization of space (locality), subjectivity, experience, and general double coding (here and there, one’s possessions and those of others), which leads to the epistemological justification for the concept of ‘glocalism’. The analysis shows that geopoetics can be fitted into the model of comparative cultural studies and can be consciously and effectively employed thereby.
EN
Suman Gupta’s essay “Global Cities and Cosmopolis” was originally published as the chapter of his book Globalization andLiterature (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2009), presenting the relationship between globalization studies and literature and literary studies. In “Global Cities and Cosmopolis” Gupta focuses on various representations of global cities in literature (especially, those of London and New York in the novels by contemporary English and American authors, for instance: Gautam Malkani, Don DeLillo, Patrick McGrath, Colson Whitehead or Richard Powers). Gupta introduces the idea of a global consciousness and studies how it has developed. He also defines global cities and analyzes the similarities and differences in their depictions. Gupta refers to such theories of urban space as Jonathan Raban’s idea of a ‘soft city’, Saskia Sassen’s influential sociological accounts of New York, London and Tokyo or theories of cosmopolitanism by Seyla Benhabib or Timothy Brennan. The author is interested in the “transactions” of a global city and their relation to literature; he presents the structures of global market and global terrorism and their influence on literary production. Moreover, Gupta discusses the changes in concepts of literature and literariness, especially – the idea of authorship in the era of “virtual cosmopolis”. He analyses new literary genres of Internet literature such as blogs and web novels (on the example of Geoff Ryman’s literary experiment) and compares them to the concepts of authorship and subjectivity of “traditional” (i.e. printed) books or diaries/journals.
EN
This article provides an exploration of intertextuality in Tadeusz Rożewicz’s motif of Prague and in the creation of his characters – the inhabitants of the city. It seems that in his works – Zamknięcie (Closure), Szachownica (Chessboard), Wigilia w obcym mieście (Christmas Eve in a Foreign City) and Strahovski Kamieniołom (Strahovski Quarry) – the Polish poet refers to the characters and the city of Prague that appear in the fictional works of Franz Kafka (The Trial and Description of a Struggle) as well as in his diaries and private correspondence (Diary 1910–1923, letters). The question that I discuss is the following: How do Franz Kafka’s characters and his image of Prague correspond to the Prague and the characters of Różewicz’s works?
EN
The paper presents the picture of the city in communist totalitarianism on the basis of Tadeusz Konwicki’s prose (Ascension, Minor Apocalypse) and Herta Müller’s prose (Hunger and Silk; Even Back Then, the Fox was the Hunter). It depicts different aspects of the way the city functions as a place appropriated by the totalitarian system and – what is important – harnessed into a service to totalitarian authorities. The aim of this comparative study is to juxtapose two viewpoints of life in the city behind the Iron Curtain: the depiction of Warsaw in Konwicki’s novels as well as the descriptions of Bucharest and Timisoara in Herta Müller’s prose. In the case of these two writers, common levels of perception of the totalitarian city might be distinguished, such as: the city as a Kafkaesque “castle”, the city as an arena of the Apocalypse, the city-prison and the city space as Trauma-Raum.
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