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1

Ewangelicy z Tomaszowa Mazowieckiego w powstaniu styczniowym

100%

Witczak K. T.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica

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2016

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issue 12

173-189

EN

The paper describes the participation of Tomaszów Mazowiecki’s Protestant population (of German origin) in the January Uprising (1863–1864). Special emphasis is placed upon four particularly spectacular biographies. Arthur William Benni (1839–1867) was a social revolutionary fighting for democracy in Russia and for the freedom of Poland and Italy. Dr. Karol Henryk Abraham Benni (1843–1916), known under the pseudonym ‘Henryk Wilk’, was a secret emissary and an insurgent in 1863–1864; he later became a distinguished physician, as well as a social worker and economic activist. Two protestants of German origin who fought in the January Uprising lived to their old age in the restored Republic of Poland. Karol Henryk August Sarré (1843–1927), a young January insurgent, served in the punitive detachment of the Tsarist Army, and was finally deported to Irkutsk (Siberia) for twelve years. Gustaw Glaesmann (1844–1928), a member of the national gendarmerie in 1863–1864, was deported to Siberia for 25 years. After his return from Siberia (1889) he worked as a teacher, and finally was buried in Tomaszów Mazowiecki.

PL

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2

Tomasz Browarek, Ludność niemiecka w polityce państwa polskiego w latach 1945-1989, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 2015, ss. 405

72%

Lejb M.

Facta Simonidis

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2016

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vol. 9

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issue 1

325-328

3

Umieralność niemowląt w „polskich” rejencjach Prus na początku XX wieku

58%

Chojecki D.

Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski

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2015

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vol. 37

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issue 3

147-189

EN

The article presents the causes and spatial differences of infant mortality in eastern Prussia densely populated by the Polish, and the changes that phenomenon was subject to. The research has been carried out mainly on the numeric data juxtaposed and published by Dr Behr-Pinnow, on official statistical material (Preußische Statistik, Statistikdes Deutschen Reichs, Veröffentlichungen des Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamts) and on unpublished archival material, first of all reports of Regierungsbezirk presidents. Infant mortality has been analysed at three levels of data aggregation: provinces, Regierungsbezirke, counties (Kreise). In the research the following devices have been used: coefficients, averaging of several years, (dis)similarity rates of structures (the reference standard – Regierungsbezirk Aurich), weighted linear regression, cartograms (grouping based on median absolute deviation). The article depicts the tendency for infant mortality in the ‘Polish’ Regierungsbezirke of Prussia, which deteriorated at the beginning of the 20th century, and a significant spatial diversification of the phenomenon in question, which was related to the way of farming (especially in the region of Żuławy Wiślane and the Vistula valley); however, the research has not provided any conclusive evidence of a link between a high infant mortality rate in the area in question and the socio-professional structure, the level of affluence or the infrastructure. On the other hand, thanks to linear regression models it has been proved that the intensity of infant mortality in counties depended on the ethnic composition to a significant degree (the faith did notplay any role). Parallel to an increase of the Polish- and Kashubian-speaking populations (those populations – it is worth mentioning – usually enjoyed lower socio-economic status compared to their German-speaking neighbours) the infant mortality rate was generally decreasing. It was at the lowest level in Greater Poland, in the counties of Kościan, Gostyn and Śmigiel (where the dominant population was Polish, Catholic and rural). All in all, it is justified to say that the Polish- and Kashubian-speaking populations that were less advanced in demographic transformation compared to their German-speaking neighbours, even before institutionalising social welfare, provided better care for babies and guaranteed a lower infant mortality rate, first of all thanks to the general and longer breastfeeding.

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica

1 Facta Simonidis

1 Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski

1 Chojecki D.

1 Lejb M.

1 Witczak K. T.

2 2016

1 2015

Ewangelicy z Tomaszowa Mazowieckiego w powstaniu styczniowym

Tomasz Browarek, Ludność niemiecka w polityce państwa polskiego w latach 1945-1989, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 2015, ss. 405

Umieralność niemowląt w „polskich” rejencjach Prus na początku XX wieku