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1

Wybrane problemy holistycznej edukacji środowiskowej w świetle idei zrównoważonego rozwoju

100%
Sandner J.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2010
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vol. 8
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issue 1
143-156
EN
The article is an attempt to define the problems of holistic thinking in terms of environmental education. Development of appropriate methodology in this matter, should ensure a better understanding of the environment, but also indicate the mistakes made so far in the process of environmental education. All these activities should create a new quality in the issues of land management. This should lead to more effective crisis management in the natural environment on the ideals of sustainable development. Preparation of appropriate methods of teaching about the resources of the natural environment, consistent with the idea of holistic education, becoming one of the most important goals we are currently facing. Achieving these objectives is necessary in light of the tasks that are put in the idea of sustainable development. Develop a unified methodology for the holistic environmental education, environmental philosophy and environmental ethics, should ultimately affect not only the state of knowledge regarding these issues, but also create future substantive grounds for studies of the process of pro-environmental attitudes.
2

PODOBY A KRITIKA HOLIZMU V METODOLÓGII VIED

88%
Andreanský E.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 8
750-761
EN
The aim of the paper is to examine various aspects of holism, especially with regard to scientific knowledge and scientific realism. It is concerned with that tradition of holism, which has been largely influenced by W. V. O. Quine, but in some respects also by T. S. Kuhn. It offers a survey of different versions of holism (metaphysical holism, meaning holism, explanatory holism, confirmation holism, empirical holism, etc.), evaluating at the same time various aspects of the holistic approach. Attention is paid also to anti-holistic critique ant its contribution to understanding the nature and development of scientific knowledge.
3

FULL-FLEDGED DEFENCE OF PRINCIPLE-BASED ETHICS AGAINST MORAL PARTICULARISM

88%
Jalilian M. S.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2022
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vol. 77
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issue 8
608 – 625
EN
In this paper, I try to offer a full-fledged defence of principle-based ethics against moral particularism. My discussions not only refute particularists’ allegations against moral generalism but also provide a positive rationale for a principle-based approach in ethics. By borrowing insights from Brandom’s and Peregrin’s normative pragmatism, I describe the fundamental roles of moral principles. In my view, moral principles constitute morality, and they can function as default reasons in our moral deliberations. Moreover, I argue that my principle-based conception of ethics has advantages over particularism since it explains the phenomenological experience and covers basic intuitions in the moral domain that particularists have difficulty explaining.
4

Why the Modal Logician Need Not Worry About the Slingshot Argument Any More

88%
Ciecierski T., Wilkin P.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2008
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vol. 17
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issue 4(68)
303-318
EN
The authors address various versions of the so-called slingshot argument, which Quine uses in his various attacks on modal logic. They sketch out various formulations of the argument and explain different interpretations of them. Then they show that none of the interpretations is logically sound - each of them tacitly assumes some premise regarding identity or equivalence that is unacceptable. Subsequently they provide some insights into the motivations that might have led Quine to present repeatedly a fallacious argument, and they surmise that the rejection of the slingshot arguments would require a revision of Quinean holism.
5

Naturalism of W.V.O. Quine

88%
Dziobkowski B.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2008
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vol. 17
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issue 4(68)
117-135
EN
W.V.O. Quine declared more than once that he was a naturalist. This claim must not be limited to one or another field of philosophy but should be understood as pertaining to every possible aspect philosophy. In ontology Quine wrote about 'ontological commitments of theories', in philosophy of logic he spoke of 'existence being a value of a variable', in semantics he opted for 'semantic behaviorism', and in epistemology he urged to 'make do with psychology'. The author concentrates on Quine's epistemology and shows how his views were different from other positions held in that field. The common key is naturalization. This view is supported by showing how Quine responded to his critics. To fend off skeptical doubts he argues that sceptical doubts are to be placed within science and not used as an external criterion of its results. When defending himself against the acusation that he eliminated all normative claims from science, Quine argued that axiological investigation have ultimately a scientific character. Finally when he proposed to naturalize epistemology his justification was based on the concept of holism, which was to be construed as one more plank in the naturalisatic boat that must be repaired at open sea, in his favorite metaphore invented by Neurath.
6
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NEW AGE IDEAS IN THE CREATION OF THE IMAGE OF A HEALER IN RUSSIA. THE CASE OF ANASTASIA FROM ALTAI KRAI (Idee New Age w kreowaniu wizerunku uzdrowiciela w Rosji. Na przykladzie Anastazji z Altajskiego Kraju)

75%
Mrozowicka A.
Lud
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2009
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vol. 93
117-140
EN
The article presents the techniques of self promotion used by healers in contemporary Russia, notably a healer Anastasia of Barnaul in Altai Krai. The authoress analyses the cultural context of this phenomenon, and particularly the messages used by healers in creating their image. These include mainly the popular New Age ideas spread by popular culture (related to unconventional medicine, ufology, cosmism, astrology, religious syncretism) and references to the Russian Messianic tradition. The terminology used by complementary medicine has its roots in occultist and parascientific nomenclature as well as in speculations about potential 'energy information fields' connected with the space research. Besides, the article also discusses the medical and legal context of the phenomenon under study, i.e. how healers are licensed by state authorities, and the relationship between representatives of official medicine and complementary medicine. A commercial aspect of the activity of healers in Russian has also been presented.
7

THE PROBLEM OF MEANING AND ITS MAIN TRANSFORMATIONS IN FRENCH PHILOSOPHY OF THE SECOND HALF OF 20TH CENTURY (Problema sensu ta yii holovni transformatsii u frantsuz'kii filosofii druhoi polovyny XX stolittia)

75%
Yosipenko O.
Філософська Думка
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2009
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issue 4
57-66
EN
The author investigates the main stages in the development of the concept of Meaning in French philosophy of the second half of 20th century. The first stage is identification of the problem of Meaning in the phenomenology of . Merleau-Ponty, who connected this problem with his task to develop the concept of 'extended, cultural-historical mind'. The second - structuralism - stage connects Mind with the concept of social mind, shifting its investigation from the sensual domain into the domain of logic of social connections. The third stage consists in criticism of the structuralism's philosophical program. Structuralism's concepts of Meaning and Mind are criticized for their formalism and causality. Meanwhile, the development of analytical philosophy of language and philosophy of mind has transferred these concepts into the domain of the rule of later L. Wittgenstein: Meaning has possessed a status of a 'regulative principle' of social life, which represents a normative system, or in the terms of V. Descombes, a social institution. The authoress demonstrates various ways of exploring the concepts of Meaning and Mind, and proves that, by ignoring an opportunity of methodological reflection upon these concepts, any humanitarian or philosophical investigation will easily shift into determinism, individualism, or subjectivism.
8
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Pražská škola: názorová univerzália a specifika

63%
Danes F.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2008
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vol. 69
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issue 1-2
9-21
EN
The Prague Linguistic Circle developed from a free platform for discussions into a well organized group of scholars sharing certain basic principles. The School's teaching consisted in the integration of three complementary concepts: structure, function, and sign (cf. P. Steiner, 1976). This paper discusses the implementation of these concepts by the Prague linguists, mainly the central members of the Circle (Mathesius, Jakobson, Trnka, Havranek, Karcevskij, Mukarovsky). Because the members of the group were distinct individuals, their implementation of these principles showed a great variety of opinion. Specific differences may be found on the horizontal axis (between individuals or groupings) as well as on the vertical one (evolution of common principles or the opinions of individuals). This paper deals with opinion divergences in: 1. the treatment of the notion of functionalism (the sophisticated teleological treatment by R. Jakobson vs. the common-sense one by V. Mathesius), 2. the approach to the phenomenon of Standard Language (rather rationalistically by B. Havranek et al. vs. V. Mathesius' view of language 'as a living organism' and emphasis on the expressive and emotional functions), 3. the apprehension and evaluation of artistic literature (J. Mukarovsky's highly sophisticated and abstract aesthetic conception vs. V. Mathesius's humanistic and moralizing view).
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