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Ekonomista
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2004
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issue 5
636-654
EN
The article analyses the influence of the proportional (linear) and progressive (incremental) personal income tax regimes on the accumulation of human capital. Two models of tax payers' behaviour were used: life cycle model and the model of overlapping generations. Each taxation regime affects the accumulation of human capital in a different way, depending on the model taken into account. In the life cycle model accumulation of human capital is enhanced under conditions of the linear tax system while in the overlapping generations model the progressive taxation seems to be more efficient.
EN
The article deals with topics of personal mastery and the choice of professional career. The latter is considered here not only in terms of work results, but also as the effect of knowing oneself - the ultimate outcome of prior actions (previous acquiring of qualifications) or the process of accumulating experience during professional activity in defined organizations, which makes it possible to define all the acts of professionally active individuals as a professional career. Thus, a career makes reference to the course of a person's professional life and signifies his or her employment history from the moment of selection and commencement of work up to the retirement.
3
Content available remote

Zarządzanie kapitałem ludzkim w organizacji wiedzy

100%
EN
The aim of this article is to present the summary the worth, which a human capital manage create in the organization of knowledge. The paper describes human capital and knowledge, which is connected with people, who represent of that capital and with an human education. The last part contain examples, describes a practical using of knowledge in the manage.
EN
The article presents the most important issues on the role of the small and medium enterprises (SME) in a national economy, which made it necessary to explain the nature and definition of the SME. The advantages and disadvantages of this type of enterprises were presented. Another aspect discussed in the article is the human capital in the SME. The conclusions include the proposals of new trends in further research into SME.
5
100%
Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2012
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vol. 2
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issue 1
193-204
EN
This paper presents different definitions of human capital in the Polish and foreign literature. It also tries to explain the basic elements of structure of human capital. Moreover, the differences and the link between understanding a ‘human capital’ by scientists and managers of firms is presented. The object of study was the medium and large-sized construction enterprises from the Podlaskie voivodship. The empirical research shows that there aren’t a lot of differences which the definition of human capital is explained by between managers of firms. The most important qualities of managers are education, experience, knowledge, motivation and commitment. However, the research reveals the lack of these important managerial features in construction companies
6
Content available remote

Inequality and Economic Growth

80%
EN
The influence of inequality on economic growth is the subject of heated interest of economists from several years. It is symptomatic, and surprising in the light of traditional standpoint of economics, that majority of empirical research point to positive dependence between equality and growth. The analysis of findings of this research suggests that equality affects growth through: improved allocation of economic resources, that enhance the possibility of poor to educate and increase the human capital; reduction of economic fluctuation; political stability; and strengthening the social capital.
EN
Human capital is one of the factors which impact one’s occupational life. On the one hand, having gone abroad, migrants are not always able to utilise the non-pecuniary capital accumulated in Poland prior to migration. On the other hand, during their stay abroad migrants can obtain various types of capital, including human capital in the form of knowledge, skills and competencies. This capital can impact their occupational life after return. However, this impact is conditioned by various factors, both structural and individual. As demonstrated through the analyses of the life histories of Polish return migrants, the transferability and employability of capital acquired abroad highly depends on the opportunity structures migrants face upon return. According to migrants, the capital transferred to Poland is rarely connected to specifi c occupational skills obtained abroad, but more often to social competencies which facilitate their operating in the, usually harsher, Polish labour market.
Ekonomista
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2008
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issue 2
169-200
EN
The article surveys empirical research into the influence of human capital upon economic growth. The literature of this topic is very rich, so the survey - can hardly be exhaustive. The main criterion of selection of the reported contributions was their rank in the state of arts. The survey can prove useful while investigating the role of human capital in the economic growth of Poland as it explicitly reports possible mechanisms linking human capital with economic development as well as it quantifies their magnitudes. Specifications of the equations presented in the survey can constitute a benchmark while elaborating appropriate specifications for the case of Poland.
EN
The paper aims at presenting human capital in the economy, drawing attention to the multitude of determinants of that factor and the investments in human capital. To achieve the intended objectives the statistics and studies by international organizations, data from the statistical yearbooks of the CSO, scientific publications and websites were used. Significant differences between countries in the funds allocated to financing the activities involved in human capital improvement are observed. In most cases investments in education and in research and development is mentioned. Poland spends USD 5.500 per year per 1 student, which ranks it in the last position among 24 OECD countries covered by the study. Availability of studies in Poland is the highest, although usefulness of studies for finding a job is the lowest. The expenditures on R&D activities represent ca. 0.56% of the GDP and they are among the lowest in the EU countries.
EN
The paper is devoted to the role and importance of education in an economy and the question of controlling the process of education by the state and market. The problems are discussed in the light of the Austrian school of economics. The author also attempts to assess the steps taken by the Polish state in the field of education and to explain the consequences of these steps, especially the paradox of simultaneous occurrence of over-education, poor educational activity among adults, skill gaps and skill shortages in certain occupations. The author points out the relationship between the individual dimension of education and the economy, identifies the creation of human capital in the educational process, indicates barriers to the implementation of the individual dimension of education in the Polish educational system, and proposes ways to overcome these barriers.
EN
The article presents the present relating the human capital opinions and the intellectual capital as well as possibility of use one with methods their measurement to settlement of height of rewards workers.
EN
The human capital in the social and economical development of the World in the 21st Century will play an essential, permanently growing part. Its enriching is a necessary condition for improving of competitiveness of farming, as well as for growth of the farmers' initiative. Its level is influenced by such factors, as: education, knowledge, skills, qualifications, talents, motivations and activities. In the present article introduced are the results of study concerning the quality of human capital in the elite farms. The research was conducted on the group of 41 purposefully selected farms belonging to the Zamosc Agrarian Association. The analysis of the introduced results proved, that the quality of human capital exerted a significant influence upon a competitive position of farms, thus on their possibilities of achieving a success. To its improvement contributed also younger age of farmers, their higher education level, as well as their certain psychical traits, for example: their optimism, self-sufficiency, stamina and consequence in realization of undertaken works.
EN
The employees' intellectual capital and their motivation to use their knowledge, predispositions and skills are believed by be important factors determining the competitive advantage of a modern organization. Thus, the success of an organization depends heavily on the attitudes and behaviors of its employee, which, in turn, are influenced by the employment conditions. The form of employment constitutes a primal element in a complex system of creating human capital of an organization. The article gives an overview of basic knowledge of law which every professional manager, willing to manage people in an effective way, should possess. The skill of strategic management of human capital is increasing in significance in modern economy and becomes an indispensable element of future managers' education.
EN
The article analyzes the nature of human capital. The basic properties inherent in human capital were determined. Was investigated the underlying model of economic growth, taking into account human capital as a significant factor in economic growth in post-industrial society.
EN
The editorial is an introduction to five papers devoted to the "psychology of capitals". Briefly described were the concepts of human, cultural, and social capital, the major theoretical controversies and conceptual confusions in this field, as well as selected research themes undertaken by Polish social psychologists. In the finał section, authors of the papers and their main points were briefly presented.
EN
The article discusses subject of the organizational culture and understanding the strong role it plays in organizations from the point of view in regard to the human capital management. Basically, culture is comprised of the assumptions, values, norms and tangible signs (artifacts) of organization members and their behaviors. It encourages employees to identify their goals with company goals, promotes knowledge sharing lead to increased competencies and team's effectiveness. The most significant thesis of the article says that organizational culture plays an important role in the process of knowledge management. Main conceptions of corporate culture as understanding, meaning, the most important aspects indicated changes which should be stimulated by transformation of organizational culture and ways of shaping, were shown.
EN
The social capital of an enterprise, understood as a network of relations among particular entities within a company, as well as those between the firm and its environment, can be best created by enhancing trust levels. Trust is indispensable for the development of every enterprise. Therefore, business entities have to undertake such steps that will reinforce it. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the nature of social capital on an enterprise level and to analyse the issue of trust as one of the pillars on which social capital is founded.
EN
Major indicators representing the development of the knowledge-based economy and information society in Poland have been chosen for discussion in this article, the aim of which is to diagnose the present situation. Both domestic and international publications were analysed in the author’s research on R&D expenditure efficiency in industry. The role of human capital is emphasised.
EN
Nowadays, in the age of the economy focused on knowledge and science, the process of formation and development of the employees is considered as a very important investment, inspiration and a tool to efficiency creating, success and first of all, the strategic potential of the company. Indeed, it is people who are the key and the path to success and on them, the strength, the power and the success of any business should be built. The aim of this elaboration is to highlight and emphasize the importance of investment in human capital and show fluctuations, as one of the barriers that can disrupt this development, what in general also may be caused by lack of adequate systems of employees' motivation.
20
80%
Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2012
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vol. 1
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issue 3
339-348
EN
The purpose of this article is to present the concept and essence of human capital and its measurement method selected. In knowledge-based economy human capital is recognized as a main factor of competitive advantages. Given the above, it appears that the need for measurement of human capital in order to determine its value and quality changes in a dynamic is definitely justified.
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