While the role of classical production factors in the developed economies is diminishing, the fourth production factor - knowledge cumulated in the form of human capital comes to play. Human capital, like the physical one, undergoes development and depreciation processes - therefore, continuous investing in human capital is necessary. On the job training is one of the kinds of investments. Contemporary human capital models point out that, regardless of the type of training (general or specific), the benefits of training are shared by employer as well as employee. Thus, the cost of training should also be shared.
Human Capital Theory has been an increasingly important phenomenon in economic thought over the last 50 years. The central role it affords to education has become even more marked in recent years as the concept of the ‘knowledge economy’ has become a global concern. In this paper, the prevalence of Human Capital Theory within European educational policy discourse is explored. The paper examines a selection of policy documents from a number of disparate European national contexts and considers the extent to which the ideas of Human Capital Theory can be seen to be influential. In the second part of the paper, the implications of Human Capital Theory for education are considered, with a particular focus on the possible ramifications at a time of economic austerity. In problematizing Human Capital Theory, the paper argues that it risks offering a diminished view of the person, a diminished view of education, but that with its sole focus on economic goals leaves room for educationists and others to argue for the educational, social, and moral values it ignores, and for the conception of the good life and good society it fails to mention.
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