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Firma "Gebrüder Klein" jako příklad rodinného velkopodnikání éry průmyslové revoluce

100%
Popelka P.
Hospodářské dějiny (Economic History)
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2011
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vol. 26
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issue 1
37-67
EN
The study analyses the economic development and the development in the property rights of a 19th century important Central-European family, “Gebrüder Klein”. It presents strategies of this family enterprise which were from the 1820s focused at all types of building and construction work with a stress on road constructions, and from the 1830s also on a railway construction in the Austrian Empire. After the successful initial accumulation of their capital, the family expanded their business interests in many directions, mainly towards metallurgical industry and coal mining. Before the firm was established officially, the family enterprise consortium had received a very high income of many thousands florins. In 1847 the brothers signed a series of mutual contracts which divided the property and set the rules for the future family enterprise. It was only in 1853 when the so far existing consortium was transformed into a family company, “Gebrüder Klein”, which was registered at the district court in Brno and at trade courts in Vienna and Prague. “Gebrüder Klein” company then – until 1918 – covered a large part of entrepreneurial activities of the family. Based on the existing annual company reports and other archive materials, the author attempted to outline the development stages in the family enterprise, to disclose some micro- economic links and to label the motives leading to the crisis of the formerly successful family enterprise.
2
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Rozporządzenia językowe Józefa II dla Galicji (1780–1790)

100%
Timofejew D.
Postscriptum Polonistyczne
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2015
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issue 1(15)
59-72
EN
The article aims at analysing selected legal acts concerning language policy issued by Joseph II for Galicia in the period of time between 1780 and 1790. The consequences of these acts are also described. For the Austrian authorities, Galicia – as a multilingual and multicultural region – was a challenge because there had not been any strong state authority or bureaucratic structure there even before Galicia became a part of the Habsburg monarchy. One of the biggest problems for the local officials was a very limited knowledge of the German lan-guage amongst the inhabitants of the region, therefore a number of legal actions had to be initiated to enforce the local people’s learning of the official language of the Habsburg mon-archy, and yet, at the same time the languages of minorities were recognized.
3
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Po kolejích do nového světa: emigrace z habsburské monarchie tzv. Jižní cestou

88%
Boček M., Kozák V.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2020
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vol. 118
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issue 3
619-638
EN
The study deals with the issue of emigration from the Habsburg monarchy in connection with the use of railways as a means of transport. Specifically, it focuses on the analysis of large-scale emigration from the Habsburg monarchy and the construction of a railway connection from Vienna to the south of the Danube monarchy – namely to Trieste. Due to the advancement of sea transport, a large number of migrants headed for the USA, especially at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, followed this railway line while traveling to the port. The two historical phenomena are closely related because the dynamic technological and socio-cultural development in the second half of the 19th century provided sufficient space for the ever-increasing migration of the population until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.
4
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The First Map of Slovenia

87%
Falski M.
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
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2017
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issue 13
PL
The first map of Slovenia was published only in 1861; it was the work of Peter Kozler, Slovenian lawyer and self-taught cartographer. If we analyze it in context of contemporary cartography, its novelty appears clearly. Kozler’s map was based on the principle of ethnicity, and not on a historical and juridical tradition of the Habsburg lands as it was the usage. The border of Slovenian territory crossed historical provinces. The map is presented in the paper as a visual realization of the principles of United Slovenia (Zedinjena Slovenija), first Slovenian political movement in 1848, which claimed unity and autonomy of the Slovenian nation. The performative and constructivist character of the document is strengthened, as far as it didn’t describe an existing state of matters, but was rather postulating a non-existing yet political entity of Slovenes. Thus, the form and function of the map, on the example of Kozler’s one, seem support a political idea of Slovenian national emancipation.
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Theoretical concepts of local self-government in the Habsburg Monarchy (The nineteenth-century experience of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria)

75%
Kyrychenko V., Sokalska O., Samoilenko O., Butyrin Y., Rydvan M.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2023
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vol. 121
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issue 4
1087-1109
EN
This historical and legal research addresses the process of scientific conceptualization of the phenomenon of local self-government by the European liberal and democratic thought of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as well as with the formulation of a theory describing the nature of self-governance and its relationship with the state and its agencies. It demonstrates how theoretical concepts introduced by prominent European scholars were interwoven into the process of reforms in the Habsburg monarchy based on the experience of the crownland of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. Furthermore, it shows that although inspired by the ideas of European liberalism, the system of local self-governance created in the Habsburg monarchy had little in common with the ideals of commune theory, while its nature and essence were interpreted only through the state paradigm.
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Zagrożenia epidemiologiczne na terenie austriackiej części monarchii habsburskiej w XIX w. (do 1914 r.). Aspekty prawne i administracyjne

75%
Tomczyk R.
Galicja. Studia i materiały
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2015
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issue 1
99-113
EN
In the internal policy of the Habsburg monarchy in the 19th century security in public health protection was an important issue. Improvement of the health state of society, of medical services, sanitary and veterinary conditions and building an efficient system of eliminating epidemics on the state territory were being aimed at. High death rated in the society required extraordinary measures. Central authorities introduced legal procedures valid during epidemiological threats in the country. After the introduction of the constitutional system in 1867 in the Habsburg monarchy one of the responsibilities of the local administration was the supervision over implementing and obeying regulations concerning epidemiological problems. Local authorities were building sanitary infrastructure diminishing epidemiological dangers. A great problem was veterinary supervision, actions were taken to limit diseases among domestic animals by means of introducing legal norms. Also control on farms increased. During epidemics abroad Austrian authorities controlled imported goods. It should be emphasized that until the outbreak of World War I on the territory of the Habsburg monarchy epidemics of contagious diseases often happened, especially in the rural areas where high death rates among people remained. The outbreak of war in 1914 caused that the epidemiological dangers increased.
PL
W polityce wewnętrznej monarchii habsburskiej w XIX w. ważną sprawą było bezpieczeństwo w zakresie ochrony zdrowia publicznego. Dążono do poprawy stanu zdrowotnego społeczeństwa, podwyższenia poziomu usług medycznych, polepszenia warunków sanitarnych i weterynaryjnych oraz budowy skutecznego systemu likwidacji epidemii na terenie państwa. Wysoka śmiertelność ludności wymagała działań nadzwyczajnych. Władze centralne przygotowały procedury prawne, które obowiązywały podczas zagrożeń epidemiologicznych na terenie państwa. Po wprowadzeniu ustroju konstytucyjnego w 1867 r. w monarchii habsburskiej do ustawowych zadań administracji terenowej należał nadzór nad wdrażaniem i przestrzeganiem przepisów w zakresie problematyki epidemiologicznej. Władze samorządowe budowały infrastrukturę sanitarną, zmniejszając zagrożenia epidemiologiczne. Dużym problemem był nadzór weterynaryjny, dążono do ograniczenia chorób wśród zwierząt hodowlanych poprzez wprowadzanie norm prawnych, zwiększano kontrolę w gospodarstwach rolnych. W czasie epidemii poza granicami władze austriackie poddawały kontroli importowane towary. Należy podkreślić, że do wybuchu I wojny światowej na terenie monarchii habsburskiej często dochodziło do epidemii chorób zakaźnych, szczególnie na terenach wiejskich, gdzie utrzymywała się wysoka śmiertelność ludności. Wybuch wojny w 1914 r. spowodował, że zagrożenia epidemiologiczne wzrosły.
7
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Der Schub in der Habsburgermonarchie. Instrument zur Aufrechterhaltung der öffentlichen Ordnung oder Hilfe bei der Armenfürsorge?

75%
Stoklásková Z.
Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.
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2020
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vol. 12
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issue 1
11-39
EN
The removal (Schub), i.e. the enforced transportation of people to their "official home", is today a forgotten process which existed in the Habsburg monarchy from the mid-18th century and was adopted by both the First Austrian Republic and First Czechoslovak Republic. This study analyses removal using legal-historical analyses and a micro-historical approach. An analysis of the legal rulings surroundig removal shows an ever greater centralization of the removal agenda and, a the same time, the decentralization of removal costs. The micro-historical approach presents a view of an ordinary day in a Moravian village in 1828, which lay on the main removal route. This study attempts to show how communities were put under pressure by removal, which regularly and over the long term drained human resources and was a source of conflict in the rural communities.
8
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Old Dubrovnik, Young Serbia and Vague Croatia. Mental Maps in the Serb-Catholic Imagination in Dubrovnik

75%
Czerwiński M.
Acta Poloniae Historica
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2020
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vol. 121
PL
This article describes the experience of the community of Serb-Catholics living in Dubrovnik in the early twentieth century. It is based primarily on an investigation of the literary and cultural periodical Srdj (1902–08). This study focuses, firstly, on the conceptual ambivalence resulting from efforts to apply linguistic criteria to determine Serbian identity and, secondly, on the efforts to construct a mental map that would serve projections of Serbian symbolic territory. While the presence of the Serb-Catholic milieu in the city was short-lived (from the mid-nineteenth century to the First World War), it nevertheless left traces on the urban landscape that typified the ambivalent formation of national identity along religious lines, as Croatians were associated with Catholicism and Serbs with Orthodoxy.
9
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Od listopada do listopada. Monarchii habsburskiej i Polaków wzajemne rozstawanie

75%
Szymczak D.
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
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2024
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issue 1(40)
164-185
EN
The author of the text analyses the reasons why Poles from Galicia, southern Poland, departed from the so-called Austro-Polish conception and matured towards the ideal of full independence. He draws attention to the significance of the Act of 5 November 1916 for the initiation of emancipation processes among Poles living under the Habsburg rule.
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Proměny v aplikaci rozsudků trestu smrti v habsburské monarchii v průběhu 19. století v reflexi dobových statistik

63%
Velková A., Linhartová A.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2018
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vol. 116
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issue 1
53-85
EN
This article deals with a change of judicial practice for crimes for which the Criminal Code prescribed the death penalty. It briefly outlines the legislative framework of judicial decision-making, the organisation of courts, as well as the procedure by which it was possible to be granted a reprieve from capital punishment. Afterwards it primarily pays attention both to the change in the number of these judgements and the proportion of executions actually carried out as documented by contemporary statistics and it analyses what these changes meant from the perspective of the development of society in general.
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Metternich - der Unverstandene? Schwierigkeiten bei der Erforschung eines Ausnahmepolitikers:

63%
Siemann W.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2020
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vol. 118
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issue 2
416-432
EN
He never lost sight of his long-term strategy (European peace and the internal legal security of the many peoples within the Monarchy). 7) He was also a visionary. This means the imagined anticipation of coming crises, catastrophes or problems or even concepts of a desired peace order up to the ideal of a League of Nations. He saw a permanent source of wars in the will of the various nationalities to each establish a linguistically homogeneous nation state in the middle of Europe. As a counter-model, he envisioned a loose, confederative union of various nationalities based on the model of the Swiss Confederation. 8) Metternich was not the all-powerful „coachman of Europe“. His great adversary Count Franz Anton Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky was in charge of police, censorship and finances within the Habsburg Monarchy. He also had to fight against the Emperor‘s obstinacy and against the selfish interests of Habsburg domestic power politics. His biography is at the same time an examination of European history in the period of upheaval between 1770 and 1850.
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Prag in der Regierungszeit Ferdinands I. Die Stellung der Stadt im System des höfischen Residenznetzwerks

51%
Hausenblasová J.
Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)
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2015
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vol. 7
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issue 2
9-28
EN
This study offers an explication of the circumstances under which Prague was incorporated after the election of Ferdinand I as King of Bohemia and Hungary 1526 into the emerging Habsburg monarchy, and an outline of its initial economic and political potential. The prime focus is on theses that characterise on the basis of the existing literature and newly explored sources the status of the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia within the emerging network of Habsburg rulers’ residences in Central Europe. In the last part the author attempts to outline the main features of the development of Prague in 1526–1564 as a consequence of the ruler’s influence on the city and his court’s sojourn in it.
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