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EN
The purpose of this text is to reflect on the process of building individual identity in the culture of education. The adopted perspective is based primarily on the concepts of culture and the place of the subject in it, derived from the thought of Richard Rorty and Harold Bloom. This perspective affords a look at the process of building an individual in a mature way, devoid of naivety but also revealing the hardships and aporias accompanying this process. Education can be the primary way through which man tries to get along with the world. The condition for the fortunate effect of these struggles is building a culture that is democratic, or in Rorty’s words poetic.
Conversatoria Litteraria
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2017
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vol. 11
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issue XI
321-332
PL
In one of his plays entitled Hölderlin Alfonso Vallejo establishes direct and indirectconnections with life and poetry of romantic poet Friedrich Hölderlin. We analyse traces one author in writings of another using the theory of anxiety of influence by Harold Bloom. The process of self-understanding and comprehension of the art leads, according to Bloom, through a number of stages: clinamen, tessera, kenosis, demonisation, askesis and apophrades. We try to detect techniques used by Vallejo in his artistic pattern and determine what are aesthetic and formal consequences of his endeavor.
EN
criticize the “unity of a human life” concept as put forward by Alasdair MacIntyre in AfterVirtue, where human subjectivity is shown as predominantly shaped by narration ofa community. I argue that despite agonistic claims, MacIntyre’s concept stays highly conservative,which results not so much from his understanding of community and tradition,but rather from a formula of narration they are founded upon. I am going to proposean alternative, pro-emancipatory concept of narrative subjectivity where narration inherentlyconfronts with the communal instead of being adapted to it. The concept is inspiredprimarily by Jewish philosophy of language as recently interpreted by Harold Bloom.
PL
Tekst stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy podmiotowość narracyjna posiada potencjałemancypacyjny. Poddaje krytyce koncepcję „jedności życia ludzkiego”, rozwiniętąprzez Alasdaira MacIntyre’a w Dziedzictwie cnoty, gdzie zakłada się zasadniczą rolę narracjiwspólnotowej w kształtowaniu podmiotowości człowieka. Artykuł podaje argument, że –wbrew agonicznym deklaracjom MacIntyre’a – jego koncepcja pozostaje nadmiernie konserwatywna,co wynika nie tyle z przyjętego rozumienia wspólnoty i tradycji, ile z narracji,na której te deklaracje się zasadzają. Tekst proponuje alternatywną, pro-emancypacyjną formułępodmiotowości narracyjnej, która operuje narracją z samej swojej logiki zakładającąkonfrontację, nie zaś adaptację do tego, co wspólnotowe. Inspirację do rozważań stanowiżydowska filozofia języka w wydaniu, jakie zaproponował współcześnie Harold Bloom.
5
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Prekursorzy Rymkiewicza

89%
EN
Artykuł opisuje zależność historycznych esejów Jarosława Marka Rymkiewicza od twórczości znaczących dla pisarza poprzedników, analizowaną zgodnie z Harolda Blooma teorią „lęku przed wpływem”. Obok źródeł oczywistych, takich jak dzieła Marii Janion, wskazane są tu również te słabiej pamiętane, jak eseistyka Jerzego Łojka, a także zaskakujące zrazu, jak filozofia i biografia Michela Foucaulta. Interpretacja tych związków rozwija psychoanalityczne inspiracje Blooma, problematyzując je wszakże zestawieniem ze „schizoanalizą” zaproponowaną w Anty-Edypie Gillesa Deleuze’a i Félixa Guattariego.
PL
The article describes how the historical essays of Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz depend on the works of his important predecessors. This dependency is analysed in accordance with Harold Bloom’s “anxiety of influence” theory. I bring up well-known sources, such as the works of Maria Janion, less-remembered sources, such as the essays of Jerzy Łojek, as well as sources that may initially come as a surprise, such as the philosophy and biography of Michel Foucault. In interpreting these connections I develop Bloom’s psychoanalytical inspirations, but I also problematise them by juxtaposing them with the “schizoanalysis” proposed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in Anti-Oedipus.
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2014
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vol. 12
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issue (2)23
147-158
EN
In the article I investigate intertextual connections to specific literary codes and myths, that are a subject of intertextual game in the novel The Chosen. I point out that created by Thomas Mann hero and world which surrounds him is not so unique as in mythical story by Hartman von Aue. The writer decided - reffering to words of Harold Bloom- to perform a creative correction of a hagiographic legend. Despite a mocking relation to the literary origin- as I was proving- he did not questioned Christian values.
EN
In this article, I analyze the attacks of ‘lingual asthma’ in Franz Kafka’s writings. Using Deleuzian concept of ‘stuttering language’ as a theoretical framework for my analysis, I claim that the aim of Kafkan deformation of language is to influence the structure of non-linguistic aspects of reality, and specifically to create a new sphere of ambiguity and possibilities. The stuttering of language, according to Deleuze, consists of two phases: first one, when linguistic dispossession affects the perception of language as foreign and distant and when, in result, it becomes external to experience and expression; second one, when writer provokes language to go beyond its borders. The former is the case of stuttering of language, the latter – making the language stutter. First one, relies on finding the cracks in the lingual system, second one, on provoking ruptures. By including the stammer in his prose, Kafka moves toward the extremes of language. Exploring the silence as a state of emergency of expression, he seems to question the whole lingual system. Kafkan literature, which defies itself by the impossibility of interpretation and incorporation of silence and stutter, seems to revise the mere concept of literature as such.
EN
This essay – actually a scientific article included in the frame composition – is devoted to the innovative interpretation of literary agon in terms of the knight ethos on the background of Harold Bloom’s “anxiety of influence”, additionally enriched with references to Aeschylus’ and Eurypide’s “duel” in the Frogs by Aristophanes. On theoretical and methodological ground, the main research path is associated with an additional interpretation of Harold Bloom’s idea of intervals.
Porównania
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2014
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vol. 15
323-339
EN
In the present article I analyse Jacek Gutorow’s poem Nad brzegiem rzeki (At the River Bank) in relation to Wallace Stevens’s poetry. The methodological backbone for the essay is Harold Bloom’s theory of anxiety of influence. The struggle between an ephebe and a strong precursor are used in regard to the agon between the poet-translator and the poetry under translation. Translating Stevens’s works into Polish Gutorow creates a strong precursory presence in his native tongue with whom he as poet must now fight. It is in such a strife that Gutorow’s strongest vision is born, which links Stevens’s sublimity with rootedness in the familiar landscapes characteristic for Gutorow’s work.
PL
W niniejszym artykule analizuję poezję Jacka Gutorowa, w szczególności poemat Nad brzegiem rzeki, w odniesieniu do Jesiennych zórz Wallace’a Stevensa. Metodologicznym zapleczem pracy jest teoria lęku przed wpływem Harolda Blooma. Zmagania między efebem a silnym prekursorem sytuuję w odniesieniu do starcia między poetą-tłumaczem a poetą tłumaczonym. Przekładając wiersze Stevensa Gutorow niejako tworzy w polszczyźnie silnego prekursora, z którym musi zmagać się we własnej poezji. Stawką jest tu odrębność własnego głosu. W agonie tym rodzi się największa siła wyobraźni poetyckiej Gutorowa, łącząca wzniosłość Stevensa z harakterystycznym dla polskiego poety zakorzenieniem wyobraźni w bliskim mu otoczeniu.
EN
The paper proposes to use interpretative tools of Jewish messianism in order to weaken the discourse of national populisms that currently have gained strength in the political landscape of the West. It contains an analysis of the original conception of weak messianism elaborated by Walter Benjamin, its reading by Gianni Vattimo, and seemingly polemical proposition by Harold Bloom, who contrasts the weakness of Benjamin’s messiah with the strength of the late poet. Examining the theories of Benjamin, Vattimo, and Bloom, it puts an emphasis on the reinterpretative opening that allows finding the answer to the triumph and return of the mythical embedded in the national populism. The paper maintains that weak messianism could be seen as an interpretative form of resistance against the populist appropriation of history, seeing in the contemporary catastrophic condition a chance for the weak thought to effectively dismantle the structures of the myth.
PL
Artykuł stanowi propozycję wykorzystania interpretacyjnych narzędzi żydowskiego mesjanizmu w celu osłabienia dyskursu umacniających się na Zachodzie narodowych populizmów. Zawiera analizę oryginalnej koncepcji słabego mesjanizmu Waltera Benjamina, jej ponownego odczytania przez Gianniego Vattimo oraz pozornie polemicznej propozycji Harolda Blooma, która słabości Benjaminowskiego mesjasza zdaje się przeciwstawiać siłę mocnego poety. Nacisk położony zostaje na reinterpretacyjne otwarcie zawarte w teoriach Benjamina, Vattimo i Blooma, pozwalające znaleźć odpowiedź na wpisane w narodowy populizm triumf i powrót mitu. Słaby mesjanizm jest przedstawiony jako interpretacyjna forma oporu przed zawłaszczeniem historii i próbą jej domknięcia. W katastrofalnej kondycji współczesności można bowiem upatrywać szansy na otwarcie przed słabą myślą możliwości skutecznego rozmontowania struktur mitu.
11
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Wpływ

76%
EN
The article presents a short history of the concept behind the word „influence” and the ways it is understood in various disciplines and currents in the humanities.
PL
Hasło „wpływ” prezentuje krótką historię tego pojęcia oraz sposobów  jego rozumienia i stosowania w różnych dziedzinach i nurtach humanistyki.
EN
This essay compares the poetic philosophies of Wallace Stevens and Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz, Stevens’s first Polish translator. In the first part, I trace a deep affinity in the way both poets engage with the Nietzschean-Dionysiac element in language. The Nietzschean dynamism creates a rich conceptual background against which it is possible to understand the process of poetic language merging with nothingness. Both Stevens’s and Rymkiewicz’s early poems are reactions to such conceptual environment: Stevens’s Harmonium and Rymkiewicz’s Co to jest drozd present a way of engaging with nothingness in which the absence of logos becomes a source of the poems’ figurative power. As they attain this power, the poems arrive at a form of self-consciousness. I trace this affinity through the deconstructive figure of catachresis, as it has been applied to Stevens by his deconstructive critic J. Hillis Miller. In the second part, I change the method. Here, I show how the later poetries of Stevens and Rymkiewicz can be approached by replacing Miller’s deconstructive catachresis, with Harold Bloom’s metalepsis. This Bloomian reading allows me to identify a vital difference between the later phases in the two poets. Discussing Stevens’s “Auroras of Autumn” next to Rymkiewicz’s Do widzenia Gawrony, I show how Rymkiewicz diverts sharply from his American Romantic/Modernist counterpart in the way his poetry reads Nietzsche’s trope of the eternal recurrence of the same. For Stevens, this concept is realized in the form of metalepsis, which, as Bloom shows, is a figure allowing the poem to retain its figurative capability while steering its course away from any notion of essence or necessity. In contrast, for Rymkiewicz, the eternal recurrence of the same paves way to an essentialist understanding, and affirmation, of human history as eternal cycle of creation-destruction, a cycle presided over by a mixture of pain, cruelty, and ecstasy. Consequently, I argue that while Stevens’s late poetry remains faithful to figurativeness as the poem’s self-reliance – that is, the poem’s refusal to join forces with any sort of concept or process conceived of as independent from the poem’s re-descriptive capability – Rymkiewicz’s late poems find their visionary power in precisely such joining of forces.
EN
The article interprets the changes in works and personality of Czesław Miłosz, in accordance with Harold Blooms model of agon between the poetic ephebe and his precursor. I pick up a discussion with the ealier Bloomian takes on Miłosz, which suggest that his most important teacher was Adam Mickiewicz. A careful analysis of Miłosz’s memoirs and ideologicaldeclarations proves that the original influence, decisive on Miłosz’s whole future evolution, came from a catechist, Rev. Leopold Chomski, white other master figures in poet’s works were just remoulding the original teacher’s image.
PL
Artykuł stanowi interpretację przemiany twórczości i osobowości Czesława Miłosza zgodnie z zaproponowanym przez Harolda Blooma modelem agonu poetyckiego efeba z prekursorem. Autor polemizuje z wcześniejszymi ujęciami twórczości Miłosza w tym duchu – sugerującymi, że najważniejszym nauczycielem poety był Adam Mickiewicz. Tymczasem uważna analiza wspomnień i deklaracji ideowych autora Rodzinnej Europy dowodzi, że źródłowy wpływ, który zdecydował o przebiegu całej dalszej ewolucji Miłosza, wywarł na niego katecheta, ksiądz Leopold Chomski, inne zaś figury mistrzowskie w twórczości poety to przekształcenia obrazu tego pierwotnego nauczyciela.
PL
Bruno Schulz – master, inspiration or literary father for Jerzy Ficowski This article explores the artistic relationship between Jerzy Ficowski and Bruno Schulz. For the first time Ficowski came across Schulz’s The Cinnamon Shops in 1942, as a 17 year old adolescent. He remembered that first reading as a moment of epiphany which occurred to be crucial to the whole further Ficowski’s literary biography. The young poet hailed the author of The Cinnamon Shops as his great master, the only one who dared to express the true importance of myth to the artistic imagination in such an unique way. The influence of Schulz’s prose on Ficowski’s poetry was unquestionable. However, this does not mean that Ficowski’s work was secondary to Schulz’s or less original. Jerzy Ficowski, like Schulz, emphasized the importance of childhood and myth in a poet’s imagination. On the other hand, both writers found themselves different ways to express those ideas in artistic way. To analyze the unique nature of artistic relationship between Bruno Schulz and Jerzy Ficowski, I refer to the famous Harold Bloom’s work The Anxiety of Influence. A theory of Poetry. Key words: Jerzy Ficowski; Bruno Schulz; biography; interpretation; fictionalisation; the impact of poetic; Paul Ricoeur; Harold Bloom; psychoanalysis;
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