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Pszczyna w okresie wojen śląskich (1740-1763) – zarys dziejów

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Grudniewski J., Grudniewska H.

Wieki Stare i Nowe

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2022

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vol. 17

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issue 22

1-17

EN

At the outbreak of the First Silesian War (1740-1742), Pszczyna was the seat of the Free State, ruled since the 16th century by the Promnitz family, which was a part of the Habsburg Monarchy. At the beginning of 1741, Erdmann II Promnitz together with other representatives of the local government in Upper Silesia tried to remain loyal to the Habsburgs. In the spring of 1741, the pro-Habsburg coalition quickly collapsed in the face of the Prussian army’s superiority. At the end of 1741, the Prussians organised military garrisons in Upper Silesia, including Pszczyna. During the Second Silesian War (1744-1745), the Habsburg troops counterattacked, and at the end of 1744, they retook almost the whole Upper Silesia. At that time, a battle took place in Pszczyna between Hungarian and Prussian troops. The consequence of the Silesian Wars was, among others, the reorganization of the administration, including the creation of the Pszczyna County.

PL

W momencie wybuchu pierwszej wojny śląskiej (1740-1742) Pszczyna była siedzibą wolnego państwa stanowego rządzonego od XVI wieku przez ród Promnitzów, będącego częścią monarchii habsburskiej. Władający Pszczyną Erdmann II Promnitz, podobnie jak inni przedstawiciele lokalnej władzy na Górnym Śląsku, próbował na początku 1741 roku zachować lojalność względem Habsburgów. Wiosną 1741 roku wobec przewagi wojsk pruskich koalicja prohabsburska szybko się załamała. Pod koniec tego roku Prusacy zaczęli organizować na Górnym Śląsku, w tym w Pszczynie, garnizony wojskowe. Podczas drugiej wojny śląskiej (1744-1745) miała miejsce kontrofensywa wojsk habsburskich, które pod koniec 1744 roku odbiły prawie cały Górny Śląsk. W Pszczynie doszło wówczas do bitwy pomiędzy oddziałami węgierskimi a pruskimi. Konsekwencją wojen śląskich była m.in. reorganizacja administracji, w tym utworzenie powiatu pszczyńskiego.

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Czech Politics of History

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Ruczaj M.

Institute of National Remembrance Review

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2020

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vol. 2

177-198

EN

The following paper reviews the schemes of memory behind the shaping of the contemporary vision of the Czech’s own history and the forms they take while materialising in the contemporary Czech Republic. Among the “great narratives” to have built up the picture of Czech history, a leading role was assumed by a traditional model, that sees the Czechs as a nation on the border of Slavic and Germanic superethnoses. Simultaneously, attention was drawn to its reformation and modernisation potential and Slavic character, the latter of which intensified after having confronted the Germanic world. The Czech post-1989 settlement with its communist past has only slightly impaired this idiom of memory; Soviet domination, especially the Warsaw Pact intervention in 1968, has to a great extent depreciated the value of “Slavicness” as an element of identification of the Czechs. Also, a Czech sense of nationality has faded to the benefit of a sense of “citizenship”-with the latter understood in a broad sense. Czech state institutions have only to a limited extent been committed to researching some details of the politics of history. Among these organisations have been, for example, the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes (Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů, ÚSTR), the Military History Institute (Vojenský historický ústav, VHÚ) and some other bodies, including the Czech National Museum (Národní muzeum). When analysing the responsibilities shouldered by the above institutions, one may observe an influential yet financially inadequate role of some NGOs, such as Pamět národa (The Memory of Nation) whereas a typical narrative pattern of Czechness has found its place in the educational system. As for the legal perspective, the Czech Republic managed to settle accounts with its communist past by passing both the Lustration Act and the Act on the Period of Lack of Freedom.

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Dlužní úpis jako historiolingvistický pramen. Německý jazyk pražských kanceláří 16. století na příkladu vybrané písemné produkce České komory Ferdinanda I. Habsburského

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Kříž V.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

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2023

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vol. 105

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issue 2

200-220

EN

The article undertakes a historical-linguistic analysis of 27 documents written in German that are classified as “notes of hand” and issued by the Bohemian Chamber between 1528 and 1537. After a brief introduction to the history of historical-linguistic research into documents in German issued by the offices in Prague in the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period, the article analyses the initial archive material from the perspective of (historical) text linguistics. Finally, it focuses on the difference between the text structure of one original draft and its register from 21 March 1530.

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1 Institute of National Remembrance Review

1 Wieki Stare i Nowe

1 Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

1 Grudniewska H.

1 Grudniewski J.

1 Kříž V.

1 Ruczaj M.

1 2023

1 2022

1 2020

Pszczyna w okresie wojen śląskich (1740-1763) – zarys dziejów

Czech Politics of History

Dlužní úpis jako historiolingvistický pramen. Německý jazyk pražských kanceláří 16. století na příkladu vybrané písemné produkce České komory Ferdinanda I. Habsburského