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1

THE THEORY OF IDEAS AS CONCEIVED BY EDMUND HUSSERL AND ROMAN INGARDEN

100%
Makota J.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
|
2007
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vol. 35
|
issue 2
59-71
EN
According to Husserl an idea (species) may be grasped by changing a visual experience of an individual object into a vision of the essence: ideation. On the basis of many individual perceptions we may become conscious of what is general. Later on Husserl acknowledged all ideal objects to be constituted by pure conscious experiences, thus to become intentional products of a transcendental subjectivity. Ingarden ascribes to an ideal being the following existential moments: autonomy, originality, non-actuality, distinctness, independence. An idea has two sides: a/ a content, comprising constants and variables and b/ the structure of idea as idea. It is the variables which determine the generality of ideas. Both constants and variables appear as components without differentiation.Ideas are beyond time and cannnot change. They are transcendent in relation to cognition and do not admit any interference. Then a relation between ideas and real objects is concerned. Husserl had detected the generality of ideas but it was Ingarden who stated what does it consist in, and namely in the presence of variables in the content of ideas.
2

LISSARRAGUE A SCHNAPP, BAŽANT A FRONTISI-DUCROUX O POSUNE MEDZI ZOBRAZOVANÍM A VIDENÍM U STARÝCH GRÉKOV

100%
Karul R.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2019
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vol. 74
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issue 2
154 – 162
EN
On the basis of the Francophone research in the field of visual anthropology we will try to show in this text that there was a shift between how the Ancient Greeks saw reality and how they portrayed it. We will base this examination on the second kind of mimêsis presented in Plato's dialogue, Sophist, where representation deforms the real and we represent reality not as it is, but as we want to see it. Even scenes that have a supposed guarantee of realism, the scenes of everyday life, often represent our desires or fantasies more than the reality.
3
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Demokratyczne Niemcy w projekcie Konstytucji socjalistycznej Partii Jedności Niemiec z 1946 roku

100%
Bożek M.
Z Dziejów Prawa
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2011
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vol. 4(12)
203-216
EN
The first organized political grouping in a postwar Germany was a Communist Party of Ger- many. Its formation was proclaimed in June 1945 in Berlin. It joined a Socio-Democratic Party of Germany from the Soviet occupational zone and formed a Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in April 1946. As early as in its first manifesto document the leaders of the Communist Party of Germany considered the formation of the national system based on a democratic-anti- fascist basis and progressive social reforms as one of the conditions of the restoration of the German country and nation. Such a system should take on the form of a parliamentary republic in which all democratic laws and freedom of a nation would be respected. The very assumptions later became a basis for the project of constitution for a postwar republic of Germany. It was an- nounced by the SED in November 1946 and entitled the Constitution Project of the Democratic Republic of Germany. Skipping a few elements of a clearly ideological provenience, the SED constitution project was deeply “saturated” with the idea of democracy which was to become a foundation of the order of the system of a postwar Germany. The SED project made the idea of democracy a secular religion which the German society was to accept after years of believing in a dogma of a strong country because of an authoritative power. The role of the country was to be measured by means of the strength of a democratic society. It is proved not only by a consist- ently outlined project of the system of the government meeting as a form of the system protecting the rights of the society most efficiently. A far-reaching subjectivisation of the society and its inclusion in a political life through the mechanisms of a direct democracy is in favour of such a hypothesis. The system conception presented in the above project was popular among those po- litical and social forces which were subject to an almost frontal criticism by the SED. Meanwhile its constitutional project was treated as an important reference point in a discussion on a shape and nature of the system of the restoration of the German nation despite being usually inappro- priate for such a nation. Not to mention a formal name, the SED project did not have anything in common with a later constitution of a Democratic Republic of Germany from October 1949. Both documents based on totally different assumptions and expressed different system models.
4
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O NEVYSLOVITEĽNOM V UMENÍ (KANT – SCHOPENHAUER – WITTGENSTEIN)

88%
Haško Š.
ESPES
|
2013
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vol. 2
|
issue 1
27 – 35
EN
The work sets its goal in an attempt to name the possible relationship in Kant’s, Schopenhauer’s and Wittgenstein’s thoughts about art. The notion less character of the ’idea‘ of an art piece, outlined by Kant’s and Schopenhauer’s aesthetic theory, will be studied in the context of Wittgenstein’s points of view on the question of meaning or interpretation of art pieces. On the theme level, the chosen study can be titled as an analysis of thoughts of the alleged thinkers, these then offer reasons of silence when being ’in front of‘ an art piece. In the second part I turn my attention mainly to some of the connections concerning Wittgenstein’s thoughts and personal experience, which explain in broader context his silence, i.e. the mystical dimension of his philosophy.
5
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IDEA CZŁOWIEKA I BÓSTWA W STAROŻYTNOŚCI CZĘŚĆ II: An idea of man as a metaphysical figure in Greek Classical art

88%
Borowicz S.
Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica
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2014
|
vol. 15(4)
PL
The article deals with the problem of representation in Greek Classical art. The authoranalyses the idea of man from the perspective of the Greek natural tendency to representvarious phenomena in the form of human figure. The notion of idea of man as a metaphysicalfigure shall be, however, understood not only as a psychisation of the image butbroadly as the element of the process of antropomorphisation of the surrounding realityas well as giving human form to various phenomena including transcendent ones, e.g.the antropomorphisation of the images of gods. In case of the Greek image, an idea ofman understood as a metaphysical figure reveals a man his being through the constantlyundertaken attempt to appear fulfilment. Simultaneously, in the world of senses, this fulfilmententails the dissolution of the metaphysical secret.
6

AKVINSKÉHO TEÓRIA INTENCIONALITY V KONTEXTE EPISTEMOLOGICKÝCH DISKUSIÍ

88%
Mlčúchová A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2012
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vol. 67
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issue 6
491 – 497
EN
The paper deals with Aquinas’ theory of intentional forms, so-called species, insofar as it gives an account of the validity of human cognitive acts. Its focus is on the objectivity of knowledge and the basis of radical (Cartesian) scepticism, therefore the comparisons to the modern theory of ideas are employed. However, the author’s aim is not a defence against scepticism; her aim is rather to provide certain insights into its origins.
7
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THE IDEA OF MAN AND DIVINITY IN ANTIQUITY PART II: An idea of man as a metaphysical figure in Greek Classical art

88%
Borowicz S.
Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica
|
2014
|
vol. 15(4)
EN
The article deals with the problem of representation in Greek Classical art. The authoranalyses the idea of man from the perspective of the Greek natural tendency to representvarious phenomena in the form of human figure. The notion of idea of man as a metaphysicalfigure shall be, however, understood not only as a psychisation of the image butbroadly as the element of the process of antropomorphisation of the surrounding realityas well as giving human form to various phenomena including transcendent ones, e.g.the antropomorphisation of the images of gods. In case of the Greek image, an idea ofman understood as a metaphysical figure reveals a man his being through the constantlyundertaken attempt to appear fulfilment. Simultaneously, in the world of senses, this fulfilmententails the dissolution of the metaphysical secret.
8
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Teologická interpretace pojmů morální řád, idea, pravda a bezbrannost u Emanuela Rádla

75%
Samohyl J.
Studia theologica
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2005
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vol. 7
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issue 1
41-52
EN
The article is focused on the Czech philosopher and journalist Emanuel Radl (1873-1942), especially on the interpretation of some essential concepts of Radl's philosophy that are used in the context of Christian theology. Radl's attitude to philosophy and religion is based on the intellectual background of his time. Radl did not develop any systematic religious or theological theory. His approach to religion can be found in occasional notes in his writings. His understanding of philosophy (especially his concepts of moral order and idea) is more evident in the theological and Christian context. Radl's vision of the world is derived more from Judeo-Christian traditions than from the philosophical tradition. That is why Radl belongs to the greatest personalities of Czech philosophy and theology.
9
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Ontologia versus metafizyka? Geneza, rozwój i różne postaci nowożytnej teorii bytu

75%
Paź B.
Filo-Sofija
|
2011
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vol. 11
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issue 4(15)
817-847
EN
The paper presents the process of modern metaphysics transforming into the ontology. The major points of this process became: 1) scholastic sources of Catholic metaphysics represented by Fonseca, Suarez, Śmiglecki on the one side and Protestant metaphysics, represented by Goclenius and Clauberg, on the other; 2) Descartes’ epistemology of representation and 3) Leibniz’s rational and pluralistic metaphysics (monadology). The climax of the transformation process appears to be “Philosophia prima sive ontologia” (1729), a masterpiece being written by Wolff, where the first system of the ontology (science about being as possibility) was presented as a discipline independent from the traditional metaphysics. However starting with the Kant’s works ontology no longer was the discipline of knowledge about the real world but has being turned into a field of aprioristic categories of thinking about an existence and the physical world.
10

„ŽIVOT V IDEI“, IDEA AKO ŽIVOT U JANA PATOČKU

75%
Sivák J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2015
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vol. 70
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issue 6
449 – 457
EN
The paper deals with early Patočka’s writings, namely the one embodying his main philosophical intention which even today is still worthy attention. It makes us remember that the work of a philosopher requires freedom and courage, if we are to rise to the challenges and ideologies which Patočka did not live to see.
11
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Niematerialność sztuki w estetyce XVIII wieku. Rozważania Charlesa Batteux nad myślą lorda Shaftesbury’ego

75%
Kaśkiewicz K.
Filo-Sofija
|
2009
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vol. 9
|
issue 9
73-82
EN
The scope of the article is twofold. The first issue is connected with the problem of materiality and non-materiality of art, the difference between a sensual object and an idea, between an analogue and an object of imagination. I endeavour to show that H.-G. Gadamer’s and J.P. Sartre’s contemporary conceptions, despite their revolutionary conclusions, are deeply rooted in classical aesthetics. The second part of the article is an attempt to reconstruct the aforementioned question on the examples of the eighteenth-century philosophies of Ch. Batteux and Shaftesbury in which the idea (or the object of imagination) was esteemed superior to the empirical object of the work of art.
12

EMERGING ADULTHOOD FEATURES: AN OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH IN APPROACHED AND PERSPECTIVES IN GOALS AREA

75%
Spišáková D., Ráczová B.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2020
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vol. 23
|
issue 1
1 - 16
EN
The main aim of this article is to provide a partial overview of the current research in developmental psychology and the research into emerging adulthood in particular. It is considered essential to look at this area of psychological research as there is little understanding about this life period in Slovakia. Interest in this issue is growing only slowly, as evidenced by the current interdisciplinary project (APVV-18-0303, Nozdrovická, 2019) and several studies on this topic from the perspective of other disciplines (Džambazovič, 2018; Roupa, 2016). The lack of research on emerging adulthood persists in Slovakia despite Arnett (2000) having already brought this concept to light in developmental psychology. Arnett (2000, 2004) explains that the dominant life course theory is no longer applicable due to significant demographic shifts, including the delay of marriage and parenthood. In order to measure proposed features of emerging adulthood as well as one additional dimension called “other-focus”, the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) has been designed (Reifman, Arnett, & Colwell, 2007). There are more than ten language versions of the IDEA. In this article, a summary will be provided of all adaptations of the IDEA, some of which have been well-validated with conducted factor analysis. The use of this inventory enables a better understanding of experiencing emerging adulthood. It also allows perceptions of emerging adults to be contrasted between various countries and cultures.
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