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EN
Urban place names are a chronicle of the history of a given territory and its inhabitans. They are evidence of crucial changes occurring over a long period of time, especially in the borderland area, to which the region of Mazury (towns: Ełk, Olecko, Gołdap), a part of the north-eastern Poland belongs. Over years the region was a territory of contention between Poland and Prussia, during the Second Word War it was under German occupation, since 1945 it was within the borders of PRL (the Polish People’s Republic), in the sphere of Russian influence. In 1989 the period of independence and statehood transformations began. In each period the mechanisms of giving new names to town objects and the changing the existent ones were similar. They reflected the culture of the nation, important events, historical figures, ideas and values in a given period. Giving names commemorating various, ofen controversial figures of political life such as generals and political leaders, was closely connected with the current Policy of the state authorities.
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POLSKI FEMINIZM – PARADYGMATY

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EN
Polish Feminism – Paradigms The issue of feminist art struggles with a great problem. In my study I focus solely on Polish artists, and thus on the genealogy of feminist art in Poland. Although all the presented activities brought up the feminist thread, in many cases a dissonance occurs on the level of the artists’ own reflections. There is a genuine reluctance of many Polish artists to use the term “feminist” about their art. They dissent from such categorization as if afraid that the very name will bring about a negative reception of their art. And here, in my opinion, a paradox appears, because despite such statements, their creativity itself is in fact undoubtedly feminist. I think that Polish artists express themselves through their art in an unambiguous way – they show their feminine „I”. The woman is displayed in their statement about themselves, about the experiences, their body, their sexuality. Feminism defined the concept of art in a new way. The state- ment that art has no gender is a myth. The activities of women-artists are broader and broader, also in Poland women become more and more noticed and appreciated. Feminist art does not feature a separate artistic language, it rather features a tendency towards realism, lent by photogra- phy or video, which reflects the autonomy of the female reception of the world. It should be stated that feminism is a socially needed phenomenon, and its critique drives successive generations of women-artists.
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