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1

THREE CONCEPTS OF UNIVERSALS

100%
Rojek P.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
|
2008
|
vol. 36
|
issue 3
45-61
EN
There are three main concepts of universals. They can be defined on the basis of two fundamental ontological relations: inherence and determination. Inherence holds between the abstract and the concrete, e.g. between a property and a thing; determination holds between the determinate and the determinable, e.g. between particular redness and colourness. (1) Abstract universals are defined as common properties, which inhere in many different things: (A). The contemporary debate on universals involves mainly this concept of universals. (2) Determination-universals are determinable aspects, which are determined by particulars or by particular properties (tropes): (B). It seems that Aquinas, Husserl, and Ingarden were determination-realists. (3) Concrete universals are wholes in which many different things inhere: (C). This is a concept of universals which can be found in Hegel, the neohegelians, and some Russian philosophers. Note that (A), (B) and (C) stand for specific mathematical symbols & equations presented in the full text
2

THE THEORY OF PREDICATION IN AQUINAS: INHERENCE OR IDENTITY?

88%
Dvořák P.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2022
|
vol. 29
|
issue 4
406–426
XX
The paper deals with Thomas Aquinas’s (1225–1274) theory of predication. Aquinas’s numerous works contain passages devoted to the issue of how predication works, usually in various theological or philosophical contexts. Assuming Aquinas’s account of predication was sufficiently uniform in relation to essential and accidental predications, there are several distinct interpretative models of predication possible in relation to the texts. They differ in ascribing different semantic roles to the copula. The first model sees the copula as expressing inherence of a form expressed by the predicate term in the entity denoted by the subject term. The second model interprets the copula as designating identity. The third model incorporates inherence with the fact that Aquinas combines predicative and existential functions of the copula. I argue that the identity model is closest to what Aquinas has in mind when speaking about predication as opposed to extensional truth conditions.
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