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1

INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP (Instytucjonalny wymiar przedsiebiorczosci)

100%
Gruszewska E.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2010
|
issue 3 (47)
107-121
EN
Entrepreneurship should be perceived as an element of an economic system. It also seems that it would be legitimate to include it in the institutional system of the economy. Entrepreneurship is not only determined by institutions of different character (institutional matrix) but it is an institution itself. The research undertaken by the author is aimed at analysing the essence of entrepreneurship in terms of institutional aspects. A specific character has determined the author's prospecting for the institutional nature of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is the institution that determines many economic processes. We can say that entrepreneurship is crucial. This is particularly apparent when we look at entrepreneurship as a set of rules followed by everybody: company directors, chairpersons, managers and also employees. If we add this institutional aspect to the classical concept, entrepreneurship appears to be an individual principle determining action in market economy. Then, the view of entrepreneurship becomes complete. This is the missing element which best fits in with the puzzle and which holds different points of view together
2

ADJUSTMENT NEEDS OF POLISH FARMS AND THEIR INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT CONNECTED WITH POLAND'S ACCESSION TO EU

80%
Klepacki B.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2004
|
issue 2(123)
209-222
EN
The Polish agriculture has a significant production potential but it is not being fully utilised, which means that there still exist considerable production reserves. The Polish farms achieve lower production and economic results than the farms in the European Union due to the less favourable natural conditions and technological backwardness. It can be expected that following Poland's accession to EU the Polish agricultural sector will encounter strong competition from agriculture of the EU member states. Only large, economically strong and effectively and flexibly managed farms, run by enterprising, open-minded farmers possessing indispensable qualifications and general knowledge will be able to successfully cope with such competition. The Polish agriculture is facing a period of changes, in which the features of character and the ability of farmers to adjust to the changing requirements will be playing an ever more important role. A considerable part of farmers will transform their farms into supply allotments. The producers who will turn into entrepreneurs will have to introduce advanced technological solutions. The farms will become subject to many regulations that are yet little known to Polish farmers. They will be offered opportunities to obtain various means but this will require great effort on the part of farmers and advisory services in respect of winning access to the necessary information and raising professional skills. The Polish agriculture will obtain support in the form of direct subsidies. However, they will be lower than those obtained by farmers from the present EU member states.
3

UNDERESTIMATING INSTITUTIONS ?

80%
Redek T.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2005
|
vol. 53
|
issue 5
542-555
EN
The article examines the significance of institutional quality for economic performance during transition. In any economy the most important institutions are the legal system and its quality, the state, the structure of the financial system and the system of international relations. The process of economic transition was mainly a process of massive institutional changes which were spurred by economic causes and also themselves had significant economic consequences. The article examines the institutional changes in transition economies and shows that institutions matter. To prove this, a simple descriptive method was used, followed by econometric testing: a panel data analysis and an extreme bounds analysis to check the robustness of the results.
4

SAFETY OF PARTICIPANTS OF COLLECTIVE INVESTMENTS OF EUROPEAN OPEN FUNDS (UCITS) (Bezpieczenstwo uczestnikow przedsiewziec zbiorowego inwestowania dzialajacych w Unii Europejskiej)

80%
Szapiel J.
Nauki Społeczne
|
2011
|
issue 1(3)
113-130
EN
The paper presents the problem of financial safety, particularly the safety of participants of European open funds (UCITS). This problem has been undertaken because of the increasing significance of open funds on the homogeneous capital market. First the concept of new institutional economy is discussed concerning the role and place of markets and states in the formation of safety in transactions between investors and investment intermediaries. Next institutions which make up institutional environment of the European funds market are presented. Particularly, the role of legislator in the creation and intensification of safety of participants of UCITS fund has been emphasized. Then the attention is paid to Polish legislator in range of constructing and consolidating the safety of holders of participation units in the context of its influence on the activity and competitiveness of open funds sector e (UCITS) in Poland.
5

The role of regional policy and its institutional system in Hungary

80%
Dobronte K., Vida S.
Ter es Tarsadalom (Space and Society)
|
2004
|
vol. 18
|
issue 4
1-28
EN
Regionalism comes to the front nowadays as one of the possible ways of public administration and development policy. However, while public administration organised on spatial base has a millenary past, regional development policy as a category emerged only in the last decades. This tendency has strengthened through Hungary's accession to the European Union, as our membership also goes with the admittance to the funds of the EU regional policy. One aim of the study is to present with a comprehensive train of thoughts the necessity of the regional development from the side of economy and public task taking from the following three points of view: analyses the theoretical considerations, the international experience and the Hungarian regional economic and institutional process. The study contains the examination of the regional institutional system based on its legal environment, relation to policy, orientation and disposable sources. Based on the results of the analyses we attempt to answer the possibilities of the improvement of regional policy in Hungary. In our deductions we take a stand on further fiscal and political decentralisation and suggest some practical steps for its achievement. Decentralisation is a more effective alternative than central compensatory measures.
6

THEORY AND PRACTICE IN THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL MONUMENTS IN LATVIA DURING THE FIRST FIVE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE (1919-1923) (Kulturas mantojuma aizsardziba Latvijas Republika (1919-1923))

80%
Petersons R.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
|
2001
|
vol. 2
23-33
EN
During the early years of Latvia's independence, the need to protect the country's cultural monuments was not forgotten. In 1998 we marked the 75th anniversary of the adoption of Latvia's first law to protect monuments (June 15, 1923) by Parliament. The methods that are used in this process are different now than they were back then, but the range of issues which must be considered have remained relatively unchanged: specification of the typology of monuments, differentiation of the value of real estate and movable objects, involvement of the public in the protection of monuments, working out terminology, assembling lists of monuments and publishing them in catalogues, cooperation of government institutions and public organizations in this area, etc. World War I and the subsequent battle for Latvia's independence did great damage to Latvia's cultural environment and the country's artistic treasures. Vandalism and theft, selling off many treasures for speculative purposes - this was very much the typical situation in Latvia soon after the declaration of independence. The Education Ministry was the institution which was charged with protecting the country's movable cultural heritage. The work started in earnest only in the fall of 1919. Deputies to the Latvian Constitutional Convention and members of the public began to work actively in 1920 to create a legal and organizational foundation for protection of the cultural heritage. A wide range of politicians and specialists became involved in the discussions about this issue, among them Aspazija, Karlis Skalbe, Valerija Seile, Karlis Kasparsons, Atis Kenins. The Constitutional Convention rejected the first draft law on the protection of monuments, and this meant that the establishment of the appropriate national institution was delayed for nearly two more years. Among the many specialists who participated in the process, there were representatives of specific areas - Arveds Svabe in history, Pauls Kundzins in architecture, Antons Birkerts in cultural history and Zelmars Lancmanis in regional research.
7

Instytucjonalne uwarunkowania konwergencji

80%
Łukasz J., Michał Gabriel W.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2011
|
issue 867
5-29
EN
The aim of the article is to present the role of social capital, a model of capitalism and the international processes of economic integration in effecting cohesive institutional governance, which could significantly shorten the time to convergence of developing countries with developed ones. Institutional governance always grows out of a particular form of social capital, a particular model of capitalism and the willingness of economic entities to partake in international cooperation. Cohesion is possible in a given model of capitalism with its institutions if those institutions are oriented towards strengthening the competitive order of markets, complying with ownership rights and the rule of law. No less important are social norms that foster trust and the reduction of opportunistic practices. These norms prove key in limiting the transaction costs of cooperation when economic subjects intend to enter into cooperation lasting longer than a single transaction. Transparent information order demands that the tasks and responsibility for information taken by public organs and economic subjects be institutionalised. Addressing a lack of any institutional inconsistency that may stand in the way of entrepreneurship is also necessary. The rebuilding of social capital through the integration of public social groups for fighting both crisis and threats to integrated development cannot be accomplished without respect for these principles: the just division of the costs of the crisis and cross-generational justice, subsidiarity in anti-crisis policy and the optimal forms of protection to enable the proportion between household and private sector expenditures and public expenditures to develop.
8
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Typy obywateli na Litwie: zaufanie do instytucji wladzy oraz formy uczestnictwa politycznego

80%
Imbrasaite J.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
|
2011
|
issue 2(16)
309-338
EN
Democratic regimes are vulnerable if they are based on formal democratic procedures and institutions. Persistence and effective working of democracy needs civic support and will to accept its rules. Citizens are able to choose various means to influence political processes, although not all means and ways have equal value in terms of consolidation of the democratic regime. Analysis of the survey data on Lithuanian population leads to differentiation of four categories of citizens: the moderately trustful, the moderately distrustful, actively distrustful and passively distrustful. The categories demonstrate statistically significant differences in several respects: age, economic status, its evaluation before 1990, membership in NGOs, interpersonal trust, life trust, and evaluation of procedural justice in local government institutions.
9

Zmiany instytucjonalne w gospodarce – wybrane aspekty teoretyczne

80%
Owczarczuk M.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2013
|
issue 2(62)
26-40
EN
The aim of the paper is to explain and analyse the process of institutional change. The terms ‘institution’ and ‘organisation’ are often used interchangeably in the economic literature. This does not seem entirely correct, especially in research regarding institutional transformations. The author of this paper clearly distinguishes between the concepts of ‘institution’ and ‘organisation’, trying to demonstrate how the interaction of these two 'organisms' influences institutional change. For this purpose, numerous studies in the field of new institutional economics are used. The discussion revolves around the idea of bilateral influence of organisations and institutions. Organisations are shaped and conditioned by the institutional environment in which they operate but, on the other hand, they frequently have an impact on institutional changes.
10

Postrzeganie polityki rolnej prowadzonej w Polsce w kontekscie WPR Unii Europejskiej przez kierowników indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych

80%
Sokolowska S., Szwiec P.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2011
|
issue 3(152)
127-137
EN
The article presents the opinions of farmers from the Opolskie province on the agricultural policy pursued in Poland after its accession to the European Union. The authors of the article also discuss some aspects of the Common Agricultural Policy, including the problem of the evolution of CAP, its future and its present character as well as its impact on the situation of Polish farmers.
11
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Music in the Past of Český Krumlov and Some Characteristic Traits of the Cultivation of Music in Bohemia from 1500 to 1800

80%
Horyna M.
Hudební věda (Musicology)
|
2009
|
vol. 46
|
issue 3
229-240
EN
The town of Cesky Krumlov served in the past as a traditional seat for important noble families. Several institutions, each having its own tasks but also capable of collaborating with the others on special occasions, shared in providing music in the castle, the church, and other locations. Comparison with the situation in other towns indicates that around 1500, in conditions of a consolidated post-Hussite society in which lay persons took over a portion of responsibilities in churches from the institutionalized church, whose property they had secularized, there arose in Bohemia a model of musical life whereby professional, semi-professional, and amateur performers, whose indispensable base was in the schools, joined forces in churches and noble residences. This model made possible the blossoming of Bohemian musicality in the eighteenth century, and continued to function into the second half of the nineteenth century or, in some respects, even longer. It finally waned as a consequence of social changes that were projected into the school system, whereby training in church singing and in the playing of instruments was replaced by practical instruction.
12

LAW AS INSTITUTION (Prawo jako instytucja)

80%
Kielczewski D.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2010
|
issue 2 (46)
65-66
EN
The article is a presentation of legal mechanisms as an institution which creates business in accordance with the concepts of new institutional economy. The essence and functions of law, mechanism of shaping the economy by the law and potential models of law as the institution regulating the economic system have been presented. In addition, the problem of legal awareness with decision makers and economic subjects has been highlighted.
13

Rumunska gospodarka rolno-zywnosciowa i inwestycje w ostatnich 20 latach – specjalne studium ostatnich 5 lat członkostwa w UE

70%
Toderoiu F., Voicilaş D.-M.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2012
|
issue 2(155)
9-39
EN
Starting from Romania’s economy position on the global competitiveness scale (on which Romania dropped by ten places in the last year), the agri-food sector being an important economic driving factor of the economy, the paper attempts to identify certain sets of macroeconomic variables determining non-performant generation of value added (level and annual dynamics), which induced radical structural changes in the share of the main branches (agriculture, industry and construction) in the essential resources of the economy (employment, fixed capital stock and net investment) and in its results (gross value added). The first set of variables is of correlative type, at macro-economic level (energy intensity of the economy; “real wages – productivity” correlation; intra-component ratios of the consumer price index). The second type of variables is of sectoral type, at the agri-food economy level (disintegrative “double fracture”; upstream and downstream economic driving effects). The third set of performance reductive variables is of structural type, in the so-called “agri-food” chain (tri-dimensional structure of the agri-food chain – economic operators, employed persons and generated gross value added; average agri-food commercial openness). In the end, we also want to highlight the importance of the relations between businessman and institutions, as regulator and interface, the institutions and organizations which have attributes in investment field and contribute to the creation of the value added in economy. We must have in view that, based on the analysis of the contribution of the institutions to the forming of the business environment, taking into account the recommendations of the investors and their perception of the market, we can easily realize a profile of the economy. Always, the attitude of the investors can give us the measure of the maturity of the economy.
14
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O meandrach założeń i realizacji inicjatyw na rzecz imigrantów. Na przykładzie projektu AMIGA

70%
Sydow K.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
|
2015
|
vol. 41
|
issue 2 (156)
181–196
EN
An inspiration for the analyses included in the article are anthropologists’ experiences in the execution of a project focused on activities which constituted an offer of direct support for migrants living in Poznań. The article includes a discussion of the specifi city of the cooperation between project executors and institutions which played a key role in both the stage of the project’s preparation and implementation. On the one hand, the text refl ects on the EU and the ‘semantic’ infl uence of EU grant programs on the perception of immigrants who are included in the category of individuals “endangered by social exclusion”. On the other hand, the article considers to the specifi city of the anthropologists’ cooperation with regional and local government institutions and their representatives. I focus on the aim of this cooperation on the dilemmas connected with the involvement in practical actions and forming local policy, and on the ways in which anthropology as a discipline might benefit from contact and cooperation with local governments.
15

FOLKLÓR A FOLKLORIZMUS (OBRAZ FOLKLÓRNEHO HNUTIA V 21. STOROČÍ)

70%
Matúš I.
Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)
|
2015
|
vol. 22
|
issue 2
57 – 72
EN
The purpose of this study lies in elucidation of the basic and specific factors that influenced the development of the folklore movement in years 2000 – 2015. There are several factors directly influencing the existence itself, as well as the creation and state of this movement. The following text deals with folklore collectives, folklore festivals, competitions, shows, institutions and important personalities, as all these aspects are considered crucial for the given area of study. The period of the last fifteen years brings a new attitude in several contexts. In the past, the life of the authentic folklore existed within small social groups which were its direct creators. In present days, however, the traditional manifestations of folklore of the past became the manifestations of the mass culture. Furthermore, opposite to the variability of the folklore they show signs of uniformity. The elementary difference in comparing the past with the present can be found in natural spontaneity of the folklore in the past and institutional directing and organization of the folklorism nowadays. Somewhere among these features it could be possible to find the fundamental role and significance of the folklore movement in Slovakia.
16

THE GLOBAL DIMENSION OF SOCIAL POLICY (Polityka spoleczna w wymiarze globalnym)

70%
Kaminski S.
Nauki Społeczne
|
2011
|
issue 1(3)
11-21
EN
The aim of the article is to present the global dimension of social policy seen as a theory and practical activity. The development of theoretical view on global interdependencies is presented, as well as examples of global diagnoses, setting common goals and their accomplishment by international organisations. The conclusion is that global social policy is not substitute, but supplement of social policy on the state and regional level.
17

OTÁZNIKY NAD VYSOKOŠKOLSKÝM ŠTÚDIOM HISTÓRIE

70%
Škvarna D.
|
2016
|
vol. 64
|
issue 4
669 – 677
EN
This paper endeavours to identify the problems of higher education, especially from the point of view of study of history, and present proposals to solve them, which existing discussion has not noticed or appreciated. According to the author the quality of university education is limited by the inappropriately high number of institutions, low number of staff in each and therefore the closeness and limitation of research possibilities. A further problem is the low flexibility of the staff of the universities. For example, institutions have only a few possibilities to provide jobs for people finishing doctorates and almost no possibilities to use post-doctoral scholars. This could be changed if small institutions merged into larger units, doctoral study was improved, and, above all, the grant system could be radically reformed. The development of higher education is also complicated and put in doubt by the accreditation approach. Its criteria absolutize the quantitative indicators of research and the formal signs of study, rather than tracing their real quality. The author also points to the need to improve the preparation of teachers, especially history teachers, pointing to the harmfulness of rational formalism and the marginal weight of moral principles and psychological skills, as well as the lack of continual education of teachers. The author thinks that only early and deep reforms can enable the universities of Slovakia to begin to fulfil the tasks required by present day demands and become internationally competitive.
18
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SATISFYING THE MAJORITY? CASE STUDIES IN SLOVAK MINORITY POLICY 2006 – 2014

61%
Steuer M.
Annales Scientia Politica
|
2015
|
vol. 4
|
issue 2
42 – 51
EN
The study analyses selected outcomes of the minority policy of the Slovak Republic between 2006 and 2014. By conducting a content analysis of three government manifestos (2006, 2010, 2012) and explanatory statements of three significant laws from this period, it shows that the measures approved by two executives (2006, 2012) aimed to satisfy the alleged demand of the majority for a more restrictive minority policy. The 2010 government made some effort towards more inclusive steps but its wavering political support prevented their effective implementation. The study also reviews the changes in the advisory institutions in this period which mirrored the overall approach to minority policy of the three executives.
19
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THE NEW ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY AND THE STRUCTURAL EMBEDDEDNESS OF THE MARKET (Nova ekonomicka sociologia a strukturny kontext trhu)

61%
Hofreiter R.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2011
|
vol. 43
|
issue 5
528-549
EN
The main aim of this article is to present contemporary theoretical developments in the economic sociology, especially an explanation of the structural context of the market. Since we have realized that current developments in economic sociology have not been fully reflected in Slovak sociology, we have adapted the structure of the text to this circumstance. The first part of article presents short characteristics of two economic theories because the current movement in the economic sociology is built on their critical reflection: the first is neoclassical economic theory used in the analysis of noneconomic phenomena (family, crime, education) and the second is the new institutional economy (the efficiency of institutions). The criticism of sociologists has led to their interest in objects of economic discipline (markets and firms). Their goal was a 'defence' of sociology through a sociological explanation of economic phenomena, and this idea is in the centre of the new economic sociology. The second part of the article presents the two main approaches of the new economic sociology: institutional embeddedness and network embeddedness. However, each of these approaches present just one part of the structural embeddedness of the market. The main challenge for economic sociology is to integrate their different conceptualizations of embeddedness. Therefore, in the third part of article, we present the integration potential of a field approach.
20

SOUVISLOSTI VZNIKU FEDERÁLNÍHO RESERVNÍHO SYSTÉMU

61%
Otáhal T.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2009
|
vol. 57
|
issue 8
788-803
EN
This paper explores three possible motives for the establishment of the American Federal Reserve System. At the beginning, there is a short description of the National Banking Era. The author argues that while (i) the professional community quite truthfully recognized the problems with National Banking, motives of (ii) political leaders and (iii) interest groups for the establishment of the FED were stronger. The historical situation characterized by the deepening capital concentration and globalization brought politicians to enforce interventionist public policy followed by imperialism. These reasons significantly contributed to a tighter centralized political control of money supply by Federal Reserve System.
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