This piece explains the circumstances which led to the making of the interview with Jan Patocka, which we publish once again before this text. It was originally published in a special issue of the 'Filosoficky casopis' to mark the philosopher's sixtieth birthday. This issue was prepared as a substitute for a collection of essays which should have been published to mark this anniversary, but which the executive organs of the Academy of Science did not permit. During the preparation of the texts for the 'Filosoficky casopis' progress was made, however, in publishing an independent book-form collection which was meant to be comprised, above all, of contributions made by Patocka's friends abroad. The manuscript of the collection was compiled during the dramatic events of 1968, and the adverse conditions that prevailed after that year made the publication of the book in Czechoslovakia, as it then was, impossible. On the request of the editor of the collection, Jan Zumr, professor Van Breda was to take care of its publication at a publishers abroad. After his premature death, this responsibility was taken over by professor Walter Biemel. And so the 'Festschrift Die Welt des Menschen - Die Welt der Philosophie' came out, after much delay, in 1976 at the Nijhoff publishing house, several months before the death of Jan Patocka.
The interview with Arlie Hochschild took place in Berkeley in May 2006 when she was about to finish her formal academic career as a professor of sociology. Hochschild has introduced into sociology concepts such as the second shift, the stalled revolution, management of emotions, emotional work, the time bind, and many more. Arlie has been a major contributor to the field of sociology and we are grateful for the time she spared for this interview. She is the author of 'The Unexpected Community' (1973), 'The Managed Heart' (1983), 'The Second Shift' (1989), 'The Time Bind' (1997), 'Global Woman: Nannies, Maids and Sex Workers in the New Economy' (co-edited with Barbara Ehrenreich, 2002) and 'The Commercial Spirit of Intimate Life and Other Essays' (2003). Her books have been translated in many languages, but none are yet available in Czech.
The article presents definitions chosen from the literature on diagnosing training needs and its significance for further processes aimed at employee development. This is followed by an attempt to create a definition by the author based on her experience while emphasising detailed aims of the process. The next part of the article describes those involved in the process of diagnosing training needs, especially their role and importance. This is followed by an analysis of chosen methods of diagnosing training needs, with the method of the interview given special attention. The final part of the article presents difficult situations which may occur while diagnosing training needs.
Aging of the population has increased the need to gain a better understanding of older people’s experiences, especially by collecting their views on various issues and quantitative surveys are frequently used methods. Five hypotheses are presented on assumption that the characteristics of the respondent and the characteristics of the interviewer (age and gender) significantly affect the interviewer's perceived difficulty in conducting the interview with respondents in higher age on aging related topics. Pooled data from seven quantitative surveys are used to test these hypotheses with multi-level linear regression. The results show that age of interviewers increases the perceived difficulty only slightly if we control for the influence of the gender of the interviewer and the respondent's age and education. Also, more positively aging respondents make the interviews about aging topic easier for interviewers. These influences vary in each of the survey projects and topic. Age- and gender-sensitive training and supervision when age/gender sensitive topics are to be surveyed is, according to our results here, strongly advisable.
The material published, bringing the readers an interview with the Reichsmarschall, Hermann Göring, carried out on 25 July 1945 by the American investigator – member of the Historical Division in the POW Camp No. 32 in Luxembourg, contains a number of interesting information on the German military strategy during the first years of the World War. H. Göring, as one of the most influential men of the Nazi Germany, had direct knowledge on most of the events and also actively participated in many meetings, discussions or planning sessions. The interview is divided in four main topics: the first one is the German estimate of the military power of the United States during 1939-1941, the second one being the reasons for declaring war on the US, followed by the German intentions in Africa, and the last being the German fear of Russia. The interview was conducted through an interpreter, in form of questions and answers, and its written transcription is preserved as a part of the ETHINT series. The original document is translated in order to preserve its informative value and language structure as much as possible.
The article contains Information about an ad hoc innovation-focused survey of 12 leading enterprises, research and technological organizations, firms located in the city of Kharkiv (regional center, large industrial center in the Eastern Ukraine), conducted by specialists of economics and marketing department of the National Technical University 'Kharkiv Politechnic Institute'. Questions included in interview are divided into two groups: innovation-specific factors depending on enterprises; innovation-specific externalities, including administrative (regulatory) influences on innovation and investment activities. The first group of questions deals with innovation activity in respondents' enterprises, location of innovations generators (internal or external), technology (intellectual property) transfer. Regarding the first group of questions, the surveyed sample performance seems to be acceptable as a whole, although more than 40% of respondents have low or too low innovation performance. The second group of questions aims to find out respondents' opinion on what the innovation performance depend (state power, business partners, personnel); respondents' needs and expectations with respect to administrative support and its forms, and to private investment and its forms; respondents' visions of the strongest policy-specific pressures on innovation (such as taxation system, failure to secure invested funds). Basically, innovation performance in surveyed organizations can be referred to as rather satisfactory, in spite of the lack of administrative support as reported by the overwhelming majority (75%) of respondents.
Głównym celem dwuetapowych badań jakościowych i ilościowych było ustalenie wymia- rów postrzegania wizerunków krajów. W toku jednogodzinnych wywiadów ze 100 respondentami w wieku 17–63 lata zebrano 25.447 skojarzeń z 47 krajami. Kategoryzacja i uogólnienie bliskoznacznych skojarzeń dały listę 258 twierdzeń, które użyto w badaniach ilościowych percepcji 40 krajów (przy udziale 276 osób w wieku 16–70 lat). Analiza głównych składowych wyodrębniła 8 wymiarów wizerunku krajów: poziom rozwoju kraju i dobrobytu mieszkańców; gościnność; stabilność wewnętrzna i demokracja; znaczenie polityczne i historyczne; fundamentalizm islamski; egzotyczność oraz ciemnoskórość. Wymiary te wyjaśniają znaczny odsetek wariancji postawy wobec krajów. Wymiernym efektem jest 38-itemowa skala do pomiaru wizerunków krajów. Wyniki porównano z wynikami badań w innych krajach oraz przedstawiono perspektywy przyszłych analiz na poziomie kulturowym.
EN
The major aim of the two-stage qualitative and quantitative study is to determine the dimensions of country image perception, based on 100 one-hour interviews with respondents aged between 17 and 63, during which 25,447 free associations were collected, pertaining to 47 countries. Through categorisation and generalisation of the associations, a list of 258 statements was compiled and used in a quantitative study of the perception of 40 countries, with 276 participants aged between 16 and 70. Principal component analysis isolated 8 dimensions of country image: Development and the Prosperity Level, Hospitality, Internal Stability and Democracy, Political and Historical Significance, Islamic Fundamentalism, Exoticism, and Dark Skin. These dimensions explain a considerable percentage of the variance in attitudes towards particular countries. The product of the research is a 38-item scale for the measurement of country image. The findings are compared with those from other countries and future prospects are presented for culture-level analysis.
Artykuł poświęcony jest dziejom metody oral history, która po ustabilizowaniu się jako względnie zunifi kowana praktyka badawcza w latach 40. XX wieku w naukach historycznych przeszła znamienną ewolucję zarówno pod względem podejmowanej problematyki, jak i znaczenia przypisywanego metodzie. Jej rezultatem było przecięcie się zainteresowań historii mówionej z polem dociekań socjologii, badań nad kulturą czy, szerzej ujmując, badań jakościowych. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono przemianom teoretycznych założeń związanych z wczesnymi fazami rozwoju oral history zarówno na gruncie amerykańskim, jak i w Europie, a następnie stanowisk teoretycznych uznawanych za doniosłe w formowaniu się współczesnego rozumienia tej praktyki badawczej (Paul Thompson, Michael Frisch, Ronald J. Grele, Luisa Passerini, Alessandro Portelli, Popular Memory Group). W artykule rozwinięto argumentację, że rozwój oral history w coraz większym stopniu apeluje do stricte socjologicznego spojrzenia na mechanizmy wytwarzania rzeczywistości społecznej, w tym wytwarzania przeszłości i pamięci przeszłości.
EN
The paper address the development of the oral history method. Since the 1940s when this research practice became relatively unifi ed and incorporated into the fi eld of history, the method has evolved significantly towards increasing affi nity to concerns of sociology, studies of culture and qualitative research. The paper deals with the changes of theoretical assumptions underpinning the early versions of oral history in the USA and Europe and next presents the theoretical perspectives of Paul Thompson, Michael Frisch, Ronald J. Grele, Luisa Passerini, Alessandro Portelli and the Popular Memory Group. It is argued that oral history increasingly appeals to a strictly sociological perspective on the mechanisms of creation of social reality, including the creation of the past and memory of the past.
Early selection has been re-introduced in the Czech education system during the first years of post-socialist transformation after 1989. The same development may be observed in other countries in the region, namely in Hungary and Slovakia (earlier part of Czechoslovakia), during the re-unification of two Germanies also in 'East Germany' early tracking has been re-introduced and in Austria it has a long tradition with no interruption. Early between-school tracking as it is practiced in the Central European region already at the stage of lower-secondary education has been subject to criticism (international as well as national) and some alternative reform plans have been formulated. Nevertheless, for understanding tracking phenomena in the region we shall look at it as a result of following parent's demands and decentralization of education followed by widening school autonomy. For this reason, understanding the attitudes of different stakeholders towards early tracking is condicio sine qua non to understand this phenomenon and/or to plan further reforms. In this paper, the authors briefly present development of early tracking in the region, review the literature on the effects of early tracking on student achievement and inequality (mainly based on research from USA and England) and they also review the research till date in the region and particularly stress the research on attitudes of different stakeholders towards tracking. The main part of the text however presents results from qualitative research based on in-depth interviews with 10 teachers (5 teachers teaching in 5th grade 'basic school' and 5 teachers teaching the 6th graders at selective 'multi-year grammar school'). The analysis stress the teacher attitudes towards early tracking, their evaluations of (dis)advantages of 'multi-year grammar school', their attitudes towards and their experiences with pupils transitions to these selective schools. The testimonies of teachers from 'basic school' and selective 'multi-year grammar school' are put into contrast, where this is useful.
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.