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In vitro fertilization (IVF) and the risk of birth and developmental defects - facts and fictions

100%
Dolinska B.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2009
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vol. 40
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issue 3
145-155
EN
Poland is being swept by a wave of discussions on various aspects of IVF application. Scientists of various disciplines are getting involved in these discussions as opponents to this form of procreation. Referring to research carried out all over the world, they demonstrate that children born thanks to the in vitro procedure are significantly more susceptible to all sorts of disease. The author, surveying available research data, shows that, in reality, the worse health of in vitro-conceived children deals with a narrow number of well-identified disorders and in most cases is of correlative, not causative nature. The main reason for the weaker health of these children is often connected with the advanced age of the parents who choose IVF and their health condition (mothers' in particular), as compared to those who become parents in a natural way.
2
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Životní spokojenost a copingové strategie žen, které podstupují své první umělé oplodnění (IVF)

89%
Ďurašková G., Sobotková I., Hampl R., Viktorová L.
E-psychologie (E-psychology)
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2016
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vol. 10
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issue 1
47-62
EN
This research is focused on life satisfaction and coping strategies of women undergoing their first IVF treatment. The aim was also to find coping strategies which are adaptive or non-adaptive for this situation. The sample of 139 women filled in two questionnaires: Life satisfaction questionnaire (Fahrenberg, Myrtek, Schumacher, & Brahler, 2001) and COPE Inventory (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989) at the beginning of their treatment. Results show that women are most satisfied with their partnership, housing and sexuality in compared with other aspects of life satisfaction, and they are at least satisfied with their leisure time and financial state. From coping strategies they use the most often Planning, Positive reinterpretation and active coping. As adaptive coping strategies we found Seeking of social support and Positive reinterpretation, on the contrary we found coping strategy Denial not adaptive. There are some useful implications forms this research for psychological counseling for women undergoing IVF treatment.
CS
Výzkum je zaměřen na životní spokojenost a copingové strategie žen, které podstupují své první umělé oplodnění. Cílem bylo také vytipovat strategie, které se ukazují pro tuto situaci jako adaptivní nebo neadaptivní. Výzkumu se zúčastnilo celkem 139 žen, které vyplnily Dotazník životní spokojenosti (Fahrenberg, Myrtek, Schumacher, & Brahler, 2001) a Cope Inventory (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989) v době začátku své léčby. Z výsledků vyplývá, že ženy jsou ve srovnání s ostatními aspekty životní spokojenosti nejvíce spokojené se svým partnerstvím, bydlením a sexualitou, nejméně spokojené pak se svým trávením volného času a finanční situací. Z copingových strategií užívají tyto ženy nejčastěji strategie Plánování, Pozitivní reinterpretaci a Aktivní coping. Jako adaptivní strategie pro situaci neplodnosti a její léčby se ukázaly strategie Vyhledávání sociální opory a Pozitivní reinterpretace, naopak strategie Popření se ukázala jako neadaptivní. Výzkum také naznačuje možné implikace do psychologického poradenství ženám, které se v této situaci nacházejí.
3
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Matrilineality as a Historical and Cultural Context of Ethical Reflection on the Use of In Vitro Fertilization in Israel

88%
Marcinów T.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2018
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vol. 2 (47)
368–378
EN
On one hand, Israel is a leader in the field of high-tech industry, but on the other, it remains a country focused on traditions. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is one of the most common treatments among many possibilities which were created in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Indeed, the number of Jewish women as intensive consumers of IVF has increased in the past few years. Due to the great importance of motherhood and raising families in Jewish tradition, Israel strongly supports health care procedures assisting Jewish adults in becoming parents. There is no doubt that for Jews life is the most precious value in its religious and political meaning, however, they are quite flexible in accommodating modern technologies in order to serve life. The State has historically focused on increasing birthrates and nowadays a woman’s biological clock is an important element not only in the context of matrilineal descent and for the answer to the question of Jews identity but it is also intervening as a part of the reproductive industry.
4
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Transhumanism as a Challenge to the Medical Doctor-Patient Relation

88%
Miksa J.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica – Aesthetica – Practica
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2018
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issue 32
47-69
EN
In this paper I undertake to analyze the way in which the arrival of HETs may influence the therapeutic relationship between the medical doctor and the patient. I begin with presenting he notion of transhumanism, insisting especially on the fact that some of the technologies that can be classified as HETs are already in use. As a result, the traditionally difficult task of defining health and a disease is becoming even more complicated. This circumstance poses the risk that medical doctors in their relationship with the patient, because of the possibilities offered by new technologies, will oscillate in their professional practice between helping the patient to recover and satisfying needs that are not justified by the considerations of health. I will try to show how the therapeutic relationship between the medical doctor and the patient may be transformed because of new technologies by using the example of IVF procedure applied to postmenopausal patients. In order to understand why the relationship between the medical doctors and their patients is so vulnerable in the context of transhumanism, I propose to re-analyze the most basic notions which help us understand the nature of the therapeutic relationship: the status of medicine as contrasted with technology, basic principles of medical ethics, the notion of a disease and an illness.
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