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XX
Wiersz George’a Herberta „The Sacrifice”, będący częścią cyklu The Temple, jest lamentacją cierpiącego Chrystusa, a jego bezpośrednim źródłem są lamentacje biblijne, które można zdefiniować jako zwrot do Boga o pomoc w niedoli. Poprzez zakorzenienie wiersza w tej tradycji, podkreślony zostaje ludzki wymiar cierpienia Chrystusa. Ponieważ Pasja wydaje się być kulminacją Wcielenia, odwołując się do post-fenomenologii Jean-Luca Mariona i Michela Henry’ego, postaram się przyjrzeć, jaka wizja Boga wyłania się z wiersza, w którym paradoks Wcielenia obecny jest już od pierwszej strofy: „Ten, który dał nam oczy, przyjmuje je po to, by odnaleźć zagubionego grzesznika”.
EN
The doctrine that God’s Incarnation made possible the restoration of God’s image in humans forms the basis of the ascetic teaching of the Greek Christian tradition. It is so also for Gregory of Nyssa in his Life of Moses where he discusses the life of virtue. This stream of thought provides the work with a substantial unity and it emerges in key places: theophany in the burning bush when Moses received the vocation to restore the image of God in him; manna, the miraculous bread from heaven; the theophany on Mount Sinai with the vision of the heavenly tabernacle. The breaking and renewing of the Tables of the Law corresponds with what happened with human nature: damaged by the First Fall, but with the Incarnation renewed into its pristine shining beauty. This idea culminates at the end of the work when Moses dies: the paradoxical circumstances of his death confirm that he fulfilled his vocation.
EN
The essay discusses the main elements of Karl Rahner’s concept of relationship between philosophy and theology. It turns out that Rahner’s thinking in this area of investigation depends on and is submitted to his theology to an enormous extent. The main theological criterion which Rahner puts before philosophy is an acceptance and philosophical openness towards the event of the Incarnation. He places the problem of the relationship between philosophy and theology inside his own theology of nature and grace (in their mutual relationship) from the perspective of the Incarnation. He incorporates both fields of knowledge into fundamental, and at the same time, much broader interpretative pattern offered by the Catholic charitology with its idea of the nature. Rahner’s option, presented here, is heavy with merithorical and methodological consequences. Clear and concrete conditions which theology puts before philosophy as a prerequisite for a potential cooperation does not necessarily infringe the autonomy of the latter. In fact, Rahner recognizes huge importance of theology for philosophy; the former makes the questions posed by the latter all the more far reaching and relevant. In Rahner’s vision theology helps to maintain the questions posed by philosophy opened, and answers them in such a manner that makes them radically and constantly opened. It does service to theology as well. The bound between philosophy and theology, founded on the Incarnation and grace, is thus organically mutual.
Collectanea Theologica
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2020
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vol. 90
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issue 5
621-635
EN
J. Ratzinger-Benedict XVI relates theological cognition to following Jesus and going in His footsteps. He emphasizes the inseparable, mutual, servant-like relationship between academic theology and Christian praxis, Christological hermeneutics with the existential basis of faith. Intellectual and spiritual understanding of the mystery of Jesus depends on intimacy with Him and grows on this path: only the Son can show the Father because he knows Him in a way that defines his existence as the Son. The eternal inter-Trinitarian conversation with the Father – the prayer of the Son, His sonship-obedience – finds its corporal expression in history, and the humanity of Jesus, whose culmination is the cross, remains His prayer. The earthly life, and finally the Passover of Jesus, introduces into the human, vague concept of God the experience of the loving Father, thus making the course of history definitively meaningful and fulfilling, and the faith legitimate. Ratzinger defends Christology as a conceptual understanding of the truth of the Gospel, the depth and integrity of which Christology guards and to which it refers. Disregarding in faith the cognitive achievements and heritage of systematic theology leads to depriving faith of its most important contents, without which it starts to look in the dark for justifications which are subjective as well as fuzzy.
EN
John of Damascus was one of the first Christian thinkers who shaped the theology of images. His thought was born in the difficult historical circumstances of iconoclasm. Therefore, he was not always able to stand up to the task. On the other hand, it was Saint John who first gave sound arguments for worshiping the images. The basic source of knowledge about John of Damascus’ teaching on the icons are his Three Treatises on the Divine Images. On this basis, I begin with the main area of iconoclastic controversy which is the Old-Testament prohibition of images. John shows the purpose of this prohibition and claims that it has a relative character. Through the Incarnation of God it loses its validity. Then I present the Damascene’s arguments for the possibility of presenting the images of God after the Incarnation and for the quasi-sacramental role of matter – redeemed and filled with grace. In the final part I show how the author extends his arguments also to the images of Mary and other saints. 
PL
Teologia ikony Jana Damasceńskiego narodziła się w warunkach pierwszego ikonoklazmu. Damasceńczyk pierwszy zdefiniował obraz jako przedmiot kultu i podał wiele przekonujących argumentów na rzecz oddawania im czci. Podstawowym źródłem wiedzy są tu Trzy mowy apologetyczne przeciwko tym, którzy odrzucają święte obrazy. Na ich podstawie przedstawiam najpierw główny obszar kontrowersji ikonoklastycznej, jakim jest starotestamentowy zakaz tworzenia obrazów. Jan pokazuje tu cel i względność tego zakazu – kresem jego obowiązywania okazuje się wcielenie Boga. Następnie prezentuję argumenty Damasceńczyka za możliwością przedstawiania obrazów Boga po Wcieleniu oraz za quasi-sakramentalną rolą materii. Na koniec pokazuję, jak autor rozszerza swoją apologię również na obrazy Maryi i świętych. 
EN
In the article, the author shows the mystery of divinization of the man, according to Ch. Schönborn, as a consequence of the Incarnation. The idea of ​​theosis, which is characteristic of Eastern Orthodoxy, harmonizes with the mystery of the Incarnation. The Christian understanding of theosis has nothing to do with self-divinization of the man, it is rather a break from the false image of God in order to open up to the full richness of Trinitarian life. The purpose of the Incarnation is the divinization of the man – for God has become a man so that a man can unite with God for eternity. The divinization of the man means making us sons, because Christ coming to earth did not want to change or replace the human nature, on the contrary – he wanted to "lead" it to where it had been before the fall, and thus, according to the Creator's original intention, – to immortality. Ch. Schönborn emphasizes that deification begins here on earth by the sacraments of the Church, which make our sonship in the Son "reproduce" His life in us.
PL
W artykule autor ukazuje tajemnicę przebóstwienia człowieka, zgodnie z myślą Ch. Schönborna, jako następstwo Wcielenia. Idea theosis, charakterystyczna dla teologii wschodniej, współbrzmi harmonijnie z tajemnicą Wcielenia. Chrześcijańskie pojmowanie theosis nie ma nic wspólnego z samoubóstwieniem człowieka, jest raczej uwolnieniem się od fałszywego obrazu Boga, aby otworzyć się na pełne bogactwo życia trynitarnego. Celem Wcielenia jest przebóstwienie człowieka – po to bowiem Bóg stał się człowiekiem, aby człowiek mógł zjednoczyć się na wieki z Bogiem. Przebóstwienie człowieka oznacza jego „usynowienie”, bowiem Chrystus przychodząc na ziemię nie chciał zmienić czy zastąpić ludzkiej natury, pragnął ją „doprowadzić” tam, gdzie była przed upadkiem, a więc według pierwotnego zamierzenia Stwórcy – do nieśmiertelności. Ch. Schönborn podkreśla, że przebóstwienie dokonuje się już tutaj na ziemi przez sakramenty Kościoła, które sprawiają nasze usynowienie w Synu, „odtwarzają” w nas Jego życie.
EN
Mary is the Mother of the incarnate Son of God, who became a communion of divinity and humanity. Therefore, the mystery of Mary’s motherhood refers to the Holy Trinity. As the beloved Daughter of the Father and the Bride of the Holy Spirit, Mary gave the Son of God His human nature. Through Her Son—Jesus Christ—She also became the Mother of the communion that exists between God and man.
PL
Maryja jest Matką Wcielonego Syna Bożego, który stał się komunią Bóstwa i człowieczeństwa. Dlatego misterium macierzyństwa Maryi ma swoje odniesienia trynitarne. Jako umiłowana Córa Ojca i Oblubienica Ducha Świętego dała ludzką naturę Synowi Bożemu. Przez swojego Syna – Jezusa Chrystusa – stała się także Matką komunii Boga i ludzi.
Forum Philosophicum
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2013
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vol. 18
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issue 2
191–205
EN
This article proposes to look at the concept of freedom formulated by Nicholas Berdyaev in his early work, Philosophy of Freedom, through the prism of kenotic Christology. The kenotic nature of the Incarnation of the Son of God, as it was described in the St. Paul’s Letter to the Philippians and developed later by the Christian tradition, was connected with His renunciation of his own infinitude—adopting the “form of a servant” and embracing the limits of the human body. It was an absolutely free act of the divine Person, who revealed to man his own divine model and opened up for him the possibility of its implementation, i.e., the way to becoming a person. For Berdyaev, this possibility is conditioned by the ability to engage in a free act of kenosis, involving the renunciation of the compulsions of reason that have entangled us in natural forms of necessity and that reduce us to mere cogs in the machinery of nature. According to Berdyaev, this way of human kenosis is faith. The act of faith, understood as a rejection of the tendency to seek security through compelling evidence, constitutes a person in his/her uniqueness, and performatively realizes the similarity to God potentially present in every human.
EN
In his celebrated writing Cur Deus homo, Anselm of Canterbury († 1109) proposed the first systematical treatise on Christian soteriology in history. The greatest influence of Cur Deus homo lies in the concept of Christ’s redemption which is interpreted as satisfaction, with this being the specific idea which continues to attract the attention of theologians. One of the first promoters of Anselm’s idea was Richard of Saint­‑Victor († 1173), who, in his work Ad me clamat ex Seir, focused on the idea of satisfaction in connection with the additional soteriological questions. In comparison with Anselm’s, however, Richard’s concept of satisfaction is extremely different. This article deals with the relationship between Anselm’s and Richard’s thinking in general, but also focuses on the acceptance of Anselm’s thinking in Ad me clamat ex Seir and analyses the acceptance of the term satisfaction as a soteriological category in Richard’s writing. It also mentions those aspects of Richard’s work which are original and the solutions to the aforesaid questions which he proposes.
EN
Christian existence is an implication of Christological orthodoxy and only in this light of the (Christological) truth it is of redemptive significance. Its shape depends on the answer to the question: who is Jesus, in essence? However, it is only possible to recognise Lord through our personal engagement, which is excellently expressed in the closeness to Him, contemplation and consent to His action. As an act of the whole existence, watching the Pierced (Crossed) leads us to recognize the truth about God in Christ, at the same time opening the way to imitate Him. The message of the Gospel is something more than a moral imperative; the obligation does not result here from individual conviction, but the reality – the taste and sense of life – has been changed irreversibly and redemptively.
EN
The article attempts to identify certain aspects of the theological heritage that can be found in the so-called radical hermeneutics – the contemporary mainstream of the hermeneutic thoughts, which is represented among others by Gianni Vattimo and John Caput. It implies: ontologising the very concept of interpretation (there are no facts, only interpretations); move away from objectivity to the interpretation of the interpretation of productive (i.e. co-create meanings of the text by a reader) and the primacy of ethics in the act of reading (interpretation as a response to the gist of the text, and not an attempt to impose appropriation or meanings). Both the idea of interpretation productive and conviction about the role of love (caritas) in the act of interpretation can be traced as far back in the patristic thought (respectively in the writings of St. Gregory the Great and St. Augustine). Especially in the late thought by Vattimo the interpretation of Christian dogma of the Incarnation in the spirit of radical hermeneutics also plays an important role, assuming that every meaning is „embodied” in the historical, finite forms and contexts.
PL
Dzieło zbawienia człowieka przez Jezusa Chrystusa osiągnęło swój szczyt w Jego męce, śmierci i zmartwychwstaniu, lecz rozpoczęło się już w momencie przyjęcia natury ludzkiej przez Syna Bożego. Świadczy o tym Pismo Święte i Tradycja, które uczą, że głównym celem działania zbawczego jest uwolnienie człowieka od grzechu i przywrócenie mu pełni życia. Ponieważ destrukcyjna moc grzechu objawia się przede wszystkim jako: 1) zerwanie relacji z Bogiem, 2) śmierć, 3) utrata sensu życia, dlatego tych trzech konkretnych konsekwencji grzechu dotyczy zbawcze działanie Boga w akcie wcielenia. Zbawienie posiada podwójny aspekt: jest obdarowaniem dobrem (aspekt pozytywny) przy jednoczesnym uwolnieniu od zła (aspekt negatywny). W konsekwencji wcielenie Syna Bożego jest: 1) obdarowaniem obecnością i uwolnieniem od samotności, 2) obdarowaniem życiem i uwolnieniem od śmierci; 3) obdarowaniem nadzieją i uwolnieniem od bezsensu. Odpowiednim momentem do głoszenia tej prawdy jest uroczystość Bożego Narodzenia, która winna być szczególną okazją do pogłębienia refleksji nad misterium uwalniającego spotkania człowieka z Bogiem w nowo narodzonym Emmanuelu.
EN
Although the work of salvation of man by Jesus Christ reached its climax in His passion, death and resurrection, it began on the reception of human nature by the Son of God. It is witnessed in the Holy Scripture and Tradition which teach that the main objective of the salvific action is to liberate the man from sin and restore him to the fullness of life. Since the destructive power of sin reveals itself in: 1) breaking off the relationships with God, 2) death, 3) a loss of the meaning of life. These three specific consequences of sin relates to the salvific action of God in the act of the Incarnation. Salvation has got a dual aspect: it is bestowing the good (the positive aspect) and liberating from the evil (the negative aspect). As a result, the Incarnation of the Son of God includes: 1) offering one’s presence and liberating from loneliness, 2) offering life and liberating from death, 3) offering hope and liberating from meaninglessness. Christmas is the right moment to spread this truth. This celebration ought to be a special occasion to reflect deeply upon the mystery of the liberating meeting of man with God in the newly-born Emmanuel.
EN
The article touches upon an extremely important and at the same time difficult subject of authentication of the fact of Incarnation in contemporary theology and anthropology. Systematic reflection is transferred to the practical side of Christian life. This specific feature of Karl Rahner's theology permeates the fundamental Christian relationship, the relationship between the divine and earthly worlds at the level of personal union of both natures in Jesus Christ. The event of the Incarnation makes visible the role of the humanity of Christ in the work of redemption. It expresses the radical gift of man to God who communicates with himself. Today's man achieves his fulfilment (redemption) through his transcendence towards God, which has reached its absolute dimension in Jesus Christ. Man's exit as a transcendent being towards God is not self-redemption, but is accomplished by the power of God who communicates with man and thus becomes his Saviour. Rahner therefore rightly observes that the meaning of the humanity of Jesus lies in the fact that God redeems man through God-Human, that is to say, as the Roman school taught, redemption is accomplished “in Man”.
PL
Artykuł porusza niezwykle ważny i jednocześnie trudny temat uwierzytelniania faktu Wcielenia we współczesnej teologii i antropologii. Systematyczna refleksja zostaje przeniesiona na praktyczną stronę życia chrześcijańskiego. Ta specyficzna cecha teologii Karla Rahnera przenika fundamentalną relację chrześcijańską, relację między światem boskim i ziemskim na poziomie osobowego zjednoczenia obu natur w Jezusie Chrystusie. Wydarzenie Wcielenia uwidacznia rolę człowieczeństwa Chrystusa w dziele odkupienia. Wyraża ono radykalny dar człowieka dla Boga, który komunikuje się z samym sobą. Dzisiejszy człowiek uzyskuje swoje spełnienie (odkupienie) dzięki swej transcendencji w kierunku Boga, która osiągnęła swój absolutny wymiar w Jezusie Chrystusie. Wyjście człowieka jako istoty transcendentalnej w kierunku Boga nie jest samoodkupieniem, ale dokonuje się mocą Boga, który komunikuje się z człowiekiem i w ten sposób staje się jego Zbawicielem. Rahner słusznie zauważa zatem, że znaczenie człowieczeństwa Jezusa polega na tym, że Bóg dokonuje odkupienia człowieka przez Boga-Człowieka, to znaczy, jak nauczała szkoła rzymska, odkupienie dokonuje się „w Człowieku”.
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Pojęcie objawienia w Dei Verbum

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EN
This year we celebrate the 40-th anniversary of the proclamation of the council constitution Dei Verbum (18 XI 1965), which has influenced the development of the theology of revelation. In this article the author tries to examine the reality of revelation according to the constitution, which has an interpersonal character whose Author is God revealed and the man is an recipient. God reveals Himself because of love to invite a human being to take part in eternal life. The fullness and culmination of revelation has taken place in the incarnated Son of God. God has been revealing since the beginning of creation, in a particular to the first people (primitive revelation),during of history, different nations, until the election of Abraham. In the chosen nation God revealed the mystery of His will and he was acting for them to prepare humanity for His coming in Jesus Christ, which particularly has been shown by prophets. The incarnated Son of God was revealing God by all of His life, His teaching, acting, behaviour towards people, and by passion, death and resurrection. In this article the author shows the meaning of revelation to the faith and Christian life, Church, the world and theology. In his light the author criticizes the pluralistic theology of religion.
PL
W tym roku przypada 40-lecie proklamowania konstytucji rady Dei verbum (18 XI 1965), co wpłynęło na rozwój teologii Objawienia. W niniejszym artykule autor stara się zgodnie z konstytucją odtworzyć rzeczywistość Objawienia, które ma charakter interpersonalny. Autorem jest Bóg objawiony, a człowiekiem – adresatem. Bóg objawia się z miłości, aby zaprosić człowieka do udziału w życiu wiecznym. Pełnia i kres objawienia dokonało się we wcielonym Synu Bożym. Bóg objawia się od początku stworzenia, w sposób szczególny pierwszym ludziom (pierwotne Objawienie), a także w ciągu dziejów różnych narodów, aż do wybrania Abrahama. W wybranym narodzie Bóg objawił tajemnicę swojej woli i działał w nim, aby przygotować ludzkość do przyjścia Jezusa Chrystusa, co szczególnie ukazali prorocy. Wcielony Syn Boży objawiał Boga przez całe swoje życie, swoje nauczanie, czyny i postępowanie wobec ludzi, a także przez mękę, śmierć i zmartwychwstanie. W niniejszym artykule autor ukazuje znaczenie objawienia dla wiary i życia chrześcijańskiego, Kościoła, świata i teologii. Autor krytykuje przy tym pluralistyczną teologię religii.
EN
The following article covers the issues regarding the Incarnation of Jesus Christ presented in a poetic manner in Liber Apotheosis and Liber Cathemerinon by Aurelius Prudentius Clemens. The first part illustrates the references to the fact of Birth taken from the Old Testament. It focuses primarily on the messianic prophecies – the prophecies of the Messiah, who was to be sent to the world. The second part presents the circumstances and the place of the Bethlehem event. The poetic depictions of the place and time of the Nativity as well as the consequences arising from accepting Christ as the Saviour sent by God have been presented in reference to the evangelical accounts. The third part discusses the results of the Incarnation that were illustrated in a poetical form by Aurelius Prudentius Clemens. Thus, the article presents the fact of the exaltation of human body re­sulting from the absolution of sins, redemption of man, as well as the emphasis of human dignity.
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EN
If one speaks about Christology and then about soteriology either in their paschal or incarnational (Incarnation) aspects, then one may speak about either paschal or incarnational priesthood. Though the classical priesthood is related with the Pascha, yet we must necessarily also notice the incarnational dimension and make up one, inseparable, and supplementing whole on the basis of one Person of Christ, one “person” of the Church and one person of the priest. In the personalistic approach, the priest receive the sign of esse sacerdotale and agere sacerdotale on the basis of priestly grace. This grace is given in the sacrament of the priesthood that is grafted into by a direct and church-making manner in the priesthood of Christ and making the whole Christic personality in the person called to the priesthood.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the possibility of constructing and to indicate the methodological determinants of the incarnational argument using the psychological--existential method. Constructing the incarnation argument takes place in two stages. First, the human situation is analysed and the ways of solving it are presented. Because modern man is unable to cope with many existential problems, the search for answers takes place on the plane of Divine Revelation. Understanding the truth about man and the meaning of human history is possible through the mystery of the Incarnation. In Jesus Christ, Incarnate Son of God, we can find complete and ultimate solution to the existential problems of human life. The article also points to the need to link the incarnation argument with other arguments for the credibility of Christianity.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie możliwości zbudowania oraz wskazanie metodologicznych uwarunkowań argumentu inkarnacyjnego przy zastosowaniu metody psychologiczno-egzystencjalnej. Konstruowanie argumentu inkarnacyjnego odbywa się dwuetapowo. Najpierw poddaje się analizie życiową sytuację człowieka, a następnie przedstawia się sposoby jej rozwiązania. Ponieważ współczesny człowiek nie jest w stanie poradzić sobie z wieloma problemami egzystencjalnymi, dlatego szukanie odpowiedzi odbywa się na płaszczyźnie Objawienia Bożego. Zrozumienie prawdy o człowieku oraz sensu ludzkich dziejów jest możliwe dzięki misterium Wcielenia. W Jezusie Chrystusie, Wcielonym Synu Bożym, możemy odnaleźć pełne oraz ostateczne rozwiązanie egzystencjalnych problemów ludzkiego życia. W artykule wskazano także na potrzebę powiązania argumentu inkarnacyjnego z innymi argumentami za wiarygodnością chrześcijaństwa.
EN
One of the fundamental concerns of Joseph Ratzinger, as a theologian, has been (and still is for Benedict XVI) the presentation of Christ, the incarnated Word, as the only personal answer to the question of the meaning of life and of salvation. That is why his reflection, taking place in an environment of post-conciliar christology maimed by the crisis, puts emphasis on finding the evangelical Christ, by being both a critical and trusting christology. For Ratzinger, the Saviour of men is an epistemological key to the cognition of the eternal Logos, as well as the role of Mary in His incarnation and mission. The aim of this article is to present basic elements of understanding the person and works of Logos, incarnated as the Mediator of our salvation. The reflection consists of three stages. The first one is the presentation of the identity of Christ, the incarnated Logos. It is the christology of unity (the reflection on the unity in Christ), which has a number of dimensions. The second stage is the issue of Mary's role in the cognition of the identity of the only Saviour (the vision and role of mariology in the whole of Ratzinger's theological scheme; the nature of maternal mediation). Finally, we shall look into the mystery of the only Saviour of men as the foundation of discovering and building men's own identity and the Marian dimension of our salvation. Ratzinger's christology appears to centre on the cognition of God and on Christ as the central point of Revelation. Salvation equates to „being filled with Christ's countenance”, which we shall experience in the resurrection. A Christian heads for this fulfillment by looking at the cross and contemplating Jesus Christ, with the maternal presence of His and our Mother.
Praktyka Teoretyczna
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2013
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vol. 8
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issue 2
163-194
EN
The article is an attempt to map more closely a queer revolutionarypotential of Christian theology, which has two sources: historico-political (anti--imperial roots of Christianity in a colonial situation, generating a permanentopposition against the imperial ideologies of the „eternal order”, virtue and power,as well as some comprehensive parodistic strategies), and religio-imaginative (theologyof Incarnation and Resurrection as revolutionary discourses set against the wholeancient metaphysical tradition working around the concept of „nature” and thepositive, determining orders of being / universe, which stabilize the political imperialorders, homonoia). The Christian projects turned out to be both „deviant” and„reappriopriative”: crypto-political radicalism of Christian theology of Incarnationand Resurrection has produced an enormous tension being relieved by some naturalizationof a higher order, but that tension cannot be erased without destroyingthe very anti-imperial and anti-naturalistic foundations of the theology. Christianerotic eschatology of the „saving failures” as a religio-political utopia has nothingto do with the „natural order” or community of republican / imperial subjects andtheir virtues, which is why the political, ecclesial bodies are the queer bodies, unableto be regular organs within the „perfect body” as an eternal schēma.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą dokładniejszego zmapowania queerowo--rewolucyjnego potencjału teologii chrześcijańskiej, mającegopodwójne źródła: historyczno-polityczne (antyimperialnekorzenie chrześcijaństwa w sytuacji kolonialnej, generującepermanentną opozycję wobec imperialnych ideologii „wiecznegoporządku”, cnoty i władzy, a także rozbudowane strategieparodystyczne) oraz religijno-imaginacyjne (teologiaWcielenia i Zmartwychwstania jako rewolucyjne dyskursyzwrócone przeciw całej antycznej tradycji metafizycznej,pracującej wokół „natury” i pozytywnych, determinującychporządków bytu / kosmosu, stabilizujących polityczneporządki imperialne, homonoia). Projekty chrześcijańskieokazały się zarazem „dewiacyjne” i „reapropriacyjne”: kryptopolitycznyradykalizm chrześcijańskiej teologii Wcieleniai Zmartwychwstania wytworzył niesłychane napięcie, któreprawie natychmiast rozładowywane było w ramach naturalizacjiwyższego rzędu, ale napięcie to nie może zostać usuniętebez zniszczenia samych kontrimperialnych i antynaturalistycznychfundamentów tej teologii. Chrześcijańska erotycznaeschatologia „zbawiennych porażek” jako religijno--polityczna utopia nie ma nic wspólnego z „naturalnymporządkiem” oraz wspólnotą republikańskich / imperialnychpodmiotów i ich cnót – dlatego polityczne ciała eklezjalne tociała queerowe, niezdolne do bycia regularnymi organami„doskonałego ciała” jako wiecznego schēma.
PL
Dominant trends within the philosophical debate over personhood and identity tend to discount the significance and meaning of the human body and often slip into dualistic conceptions. I will argue that a Catholic theology of the body challenges many of the prevalent understandings in bioethics today. Such a notion takes Christ’s Incarnation as its foundation and seeks to develop an account of the human body in the context of the call to communion imprinted on humanity as made in the image of the Trinitarian communion of love. Such a conception counteracts forms of utilitarian or technological reductionism of the person. While Catholic bioethicists will need to consider how such an account will have practical applicability to cases, the call to communion ought to be fostered through the liturgical life of the Church, which enables Catholic bioethicists to develop a liturgical worldview that guards against devaluations of the dignity of the human person.
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